EFFECTIVENESS OF CLOVE SEED EXTRACTS AS ANAESTHETICS IN TRANSPORTATION OF Tilapia guineensis JUVENILES

Year 2016, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 67 - 75, 01.04.2016

Ojo Akinrotimi Ebinimi Ansa Olajumoke Edun

https://doi.org/10.3153/JAEFR16009

Abstract

The effectiveness of clove seed extracts as a viable
anaesthetic agent in transportation of Tilapia
guineensis were evaluated. Juveniles of T.
guineensis (mean length 13.12cm ±1.20;
mean weight 45.64g ±1.84)
were exposed in three replicates to different concentrations (0.00mg/L-
control; 5.00; 10.00; 15.00; 20.00 and 25.00mg/L) of clove seed  aqueous extracts, extracted in water .  The exposed fish were later transported in
open plastic tanks from Buguma to Aluu, in Port Harcourt over a distance of
50km.  Before and after transportation,
glucose and cortisol levels in the plasma of the fish were assessed.  The result of the study indicated a
significant reduction (P<0.05) in the levels of cortisol and glucose in the
plasma of the fish with increasing concentrations of the anaesthetics.  The lowest survival rate (30.0%) was recorded
in the fish transported with no anesthetics, while 100% survivals were recorded
in fish exposed to 15.0 and 20.0 mg/L of the extracts.  In conclusion, this study suggests that
application of clove seed extracts within the range of 10.00 and 20.00 mg/L
reduced the stress response in T.
guineensis during transportation, thereby enhances their survival.

Keywords

Aquaculture, Clove, Anaesthetics, Tilapia, Transportation

References

• Agbaje, E.O., (2008). Gastro intestinal effects of Syzigium aromaticum in animal model. Nigeria Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine, 18(3), 137-141.
• Akar, A.M., (2011). Effects of clove oil on the response of blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) by transportation stress. Journal of the Arabian Aquaculture Society, 6(1), 77-86.
• Akbari, S., Khoshrod, M.J., Rayahian, H., & Asfharwasub, M., (2010). The use of eugenol as an anaesthetic in transportation of Indian shrimp post larvae. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 10, 423-429.
• Akinrotimi, A., Ansa, E.J., Owhonda, K.N., Ononkwo, D.N., Edun O.M., Anyanwu, P.E., Opara, J.U., & Cliffe, T., (2007). Effects of transportation stress on haematologcal parameters of black chin tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 6(7), 841-845.
• Akinrotimi, O.A., Abu, O.M.G., & Aranyo, A.A., (2011a). Environmental friendly aquaculture key to sustainable fish farming development in Nigerial. Continental journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 5(2), 17-31.
• Akinrotimi, O.A., Abu, O.M.G., & Aranyo, A.A. (2011b). Transforming aquaculture from subsistence to commercial level for sustainable development in Niger delta region of Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Social Research, 11(2), 34-42.
• Akinrotimi, O.A., Ciffe, P.T., & Ibemere, I.F., (2011c). Integration of rural aquaculture into small scale farming system in Niger delta region of Nigeria. Global Approaches to Extension Practice, 7(1), 43-48.
• Akinrotimi, O.A., Aranyo, A.A., & Ibemere I.F., (2011d). Effects of capture, handling and confinement on the glucose levels of black jaw tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron). Advances in students Research, 6(2), 27-30.
• Akinrotimi, O. A., Opara, J. Y., & Ibemere, I.F., (2011e). Effects of handling stress on immune functions of black jaw tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron. Nigerian Journal of Fisheries, 8(1), 154-158.
• Akinrotimi O.A., (2012). The anaesthetic effects of clove seed in selected species of grey mullets Liza falcipinnis and Liza grandisquanmis. Pp 287-291. In Adeyemo A., Otobotekere A.J.T., Keremah, R.I and Erhouse, E (Eds). Proceeding of the 27th annual conference and biennial general meeting of the fisheries society of Nigeria 2530th November, 12. Yenagoa, Bayelsa State.
• Akinrotimi, O.A., Edun, O.M., & Mebe, E.D., (2013a). Effects of clove seed as anaesthetic agents in two species of grey mullets Liza falcipinnis and Liza grandisqumis. Journal of Aquatic Science, 1(1), 7-10.
• Akinrotimi, O.A., Gabriel, U.U., & Orokotan, O.O., (2013b). Changes in enzymes activities of Clarias gariepinus brood fish exposed to anaesthetics metomidate. Applied Ecology and Environmental Science, 1(3), 37-40.
• Akinrotimi, O.A., (2014). Assessment of the efficacy of synthetic and natural anaesthetics on the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). PhD Thesis. Deparment of Fisheries and Aquatic Environment, Rivers State University of Science Technology Port Harcourt. 260pp.
• Akinrotimi, O.A., Gabriel, U.U., & Deckae, S.N., (2014a). Anaesthetic efficacy of sodium bicarbonate and its effect on the blood parameters of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 29(1B), 233-246.
• Akinrotimi, O.A., Gabriel, U.U., & Deekae, S.N., (2014b). Investigations on the potential of Indian almond free (Terminalia catapaa) leaf extracts as anesthetic agents in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Journal of Aquatic Sciences 29(1B), 223-231.
• Anyanwu, P.E., Ayinla, O.A., Pepple, P.C., Ebonwo, B.I., Hamzat, M.B., Ihimekpen, A.F., Ayaobu-Cookey, I.K., Mantanmi, M.A., Afulabi, E.S., Akinrotimi, O.A. Ajijo, M.R., Olaluwoye, B.L., Achlike, N., & Abdulan, M., (2011). The use of clove seed as an anaesthetic agent for the transportation of Macrobrachium vollenhovenii brood stock NIOMR, 2011 Annual Report.
• APHA, (1985). Standard method for the examination of water and waste water (16th Edition), Washington. Public Health Association.
• Barton, B.A., (2002). Stress in fishes. A diversity of responses with particular reference to changes in circulating corticosteroids. Integrative Comparative Biology, 42, 517-525.
• Berka, R., (1986). The transportation of live fish, a review, fisheries research institute, scientific information centre. EIFAC Technical Paper, 48, 1-48.
• Broom D.M., (2011). A history of animal welfare science. Acta Biotheory, 59, 121-139.
• Carmichael, G.J., (1998). Long distant truck transport of intensively reared large mouth bass. Progressive Fish Culturist, 46, 111-115.
• Carneiro, P.C., Urbrinati, E.C. & Martins, M.L., (2002). Transport with different concentration of benzocairne concentrations and its consequences on haematological parameters and gill parasite populations of matrixa. Acta Science, 24, 555-556.
• Cooke, S.J., Sunki, C.D., Ostrand, K.G., & Wahl, D.H. (2004). Behavioral and physiological assessment of low concentrations o clove oil anaesthetic for handling and transporting large mouth bass. Aquaculture, 239: 509-529.
• Dimarco, P., Petch, T., Longobandi, A., Prioori, A., Finoia, M. G., & Marino, G., (2011). Efficacy of tricaine methanesulphonate and their side effects on the physiology of sturgeon hybrid. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 27, 611-617.
• Gorissen, M., Bernier, N.J., Manuel, R., de Gelder, S., Metz, J.R., Huising, M.O., & Flik, G., (2012). Recombinant human leptin attenuates stress axis activity in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Genaral Comparative Endocrinology, 178: 75–81.
• Gust, D.A., Gordon, T.P., Wilson, M.E., Ahmedansari, A., Brodie, A.R., & Mcclure, H.M., (1991). Formation of a new social group of unfamiliar female rhesus-monkeys affects the immune and pituitary adrenocortical systems. Brain Behavioural Immunology, 5, 296-307.
• Hagen, K., Van den Bos, R., & de Cock Buning, T. (2011) Editorial: concepts of animal welfare. Acta Biotheor, 59, 93-103.
• Harper, C., & Wolf J.C., (2009) Morphologic effects of the stress response in fish. International Journal of Agriculture, 50, 387-396
• Iwama, G.K., Thomas, R.B., & Vijayan, M.M., (1999). Heat stock protein expression in fish. Review in Fishery Biology, 8: 36 – 56.
• Iverseen, M., Finstad, B., McKinley, B., & Elliassen, R., (2003). The efficacy of metomidate clove oil as anaesthetics in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and their potential stress reducing capacity. Aquaculture, 221, 549-516.
• Kiessling, A., Johansson, D., Zahl, I.H., & Samuelsen, O.B., (2009). Pharmokinetices, plasma cortisol and effectiveness of benzocaine, MS-222 and isoeogenol measured in individual dorsal aorta of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) following bath administration. Aquaculture, 286, 301-308.
• Korte, S.M., & Olivier BKoolhaas, J.M., (2007). A new animal welfare concept based on allostasis. Physiology Behaviour, 92, 422-428.
• Lambooij, B., Pilarcyzk, M., Bialowas H., & Hens, V.D., (2009). Anaesthetic properties of propiscin and 2- phenoxyethanol in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) neural and behavioural measures. Aquaculture Research, 40, 1328-1333.
• Larissa, N. S., Danielle, C.L., & Andrea, T.M., Levy C.G. (2011). Efficacy of clove oil as anaesthetic in handling and transportation of Nile tilapia juveniles. Zoological, 28(3), 285-290.
• Martinez-Porchas, M., Martinez-Cordova, L. R., Ramos-Enriquez, R. (2009). Cortisol and glucose: reliable stress indicators of fish stress? Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 4, 158–178.
• Matsunaga, W., & Watanabe, E., (2010). Habituation of medaka (Oryzias latipes) demonstrated by open-field testing. Behavioural Process, 85, 142-150.
• McEwen, B.S., & Wingfield, J.C., (2003). The concept of allostasis in biology and biomedicine. Horm Behaviour, 43, 2-15
• Metz, J.R., van den Berg, E.H., Bonga S.E.W., & Flik, G., (2003). Regulation of branchial Na/K-ATPase in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) acclimated to different temperatures. Journal of Experimental Biology, 206, 2273-2280.
• Mommsen, T.P., Vijayan M.M., & Moon T.W., (1999). Cortisol in teleosts: dynamics, mechanisms of action, and metabolic regulation. Reviews in Fish Biology, 9, 211-268.
• Nikoo, M., & Falahatkar, B., (2012). Physiological responses in wild brood stocks of the Caspian Kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) subjected to transportation stress. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare and Science, 15, 372-382.
• Ohl, F., & van der Staay F.J., (2012). Animal welfare: at the interface between science and society. Vetrinary Journal, 192, 13-19.
• Orji, R.C.A, (2005). The effect of transportation stress on haematocrit level of Orechromis niloticus. Animal Research International, 2, 224-226.
• Robertson, L.P., Thomas, C.R., & Arnold., Y.M., (1987). Plasma cortisol and secondary stress. Responses of red drum to handling, transport, rearing density and disease outbreak. Progressive Fish Culturist, 49, 1-2.
• Sinka, T.D., & Nealb, W., (2009). Stress response and post transport survival of hybrid with or without clove oil. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 71, 267-275.
• Small, B.C., (2004). Effects of isoeugenol sedation on plasma cortisol, glucose and lactate dynamics in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus exposed to three stressors. Aquculture, 238, 469-481.
• Zar, J.H., (1996). Biostatistical Analysis (4th Edition. practice Hall, Publishers, New Jersey, U.S.A.