Determination of Toxic Impact of Oil Pollution after a Possible Ship Accident on the Coastal Area of Sector Kadıköy

Yıl 2022, , 53 - 61, 31.03.2022

Nuket Sivri , Serdar Yıldız , V. Zülal Sönmez , Özkan Uğurlu

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1009043

Cited By: 1

Öz

Anchorage areas (A, B, C anchor fields) located in Sector Kadıköy in the Bosphorus are the marine areas where the ship traffic is the most intense and has the most complex structure in the Turkish Straits. This study models the acute toxic effect of oil pollution that may occur as a result of a possible crude oil ship accident at the tanker anchorage area located in Sector Kadıköy. To this end, the acute toxicity of crude oil in the marine environment was investigated via the Bacterial Bioluminescence Bioassay test in the laboratory in order to determine the effect of possible oil-based pollution on the marine ecosystem. GNOME Simulation Modeling software was used to model pollution in the study. In the modeling, the marine and coastal areas that will be affected by oil pollution have been determined in consideration of the meteorological and oceanographic data. In the study area, it was observed that the toxic effect of oil could continue even at the last point where crude oil could reach, and the required dilution values were calculated from this point on. There was no statistically significant difference between the acute toxicity test measurement periods. It was determined that the 5-minute exposure time results of the acute toxicity test can be used in petroleum-based contaminations that require the fastest response. This study emphasizes the importance of conducting integrated monitoring with oil pollution specific studies, scenarios and coastal area protection plans in order to protect this special area and not to affect biodiversity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Acute toxicity, İstanbul, Marine accident, Oil pollution, Sector Kadıköy.

Olası Bir Gemi Kazası Ardından Oluşacak Petrol Kirliliğinin Sektör Kadıköy Kıyısal Alanındaki Toksik Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

Öz

İstanbul Boğazı’nda Sektör Kadıköy içerisinde yer alan demirleme yerleri (A, B, C demir sahaları) Türk Boğazları’nda gemi trafiğinin en yoğun ve en karmaşık yapıya sahip olduğu deniz alanlarıdır. Bu çalışmada, İstanbul Boğazı’nda gemi trafiğinin en yoğun olduğu Sektör Kadıköy içerisinde yer alan tanker demirleme sahasında olası bir ham petrol gemisi kazası sonucunda oluşabilecek petrol kirliliğinin, akut toksik etkisi modellenmiştir. Çalışmada olası petrol kaynaklı kirlenmenin denizel ekosistemde oluşturabileceği etkinin tespiti için, laboratuvar ortamında Bacterial Bioluminescence Bioassay testiyle, ham petrolün deniz ortamında akut toksisitesi araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada kirliliğin modellenmesi için GNOME Simulasyon Modellemesi yazılımı kullanılmıştır. Modellemede meteorolojik ve oşinografik veriler göz önünde bulundurularak, petrol kirliliğinin etkileyeceği deniz ve kıyı alanları tespit edilmiştir. Sektör Kadıköy olarak seçilen alanda, ham petrolün ulaşabileceği en son noktada bile petrolün toksik etkisinin devam edebileceği görülmüş ve bu noktadan itibaren gereken seyreltme değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Akut toksisite test ölçüm periyotları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. En hızlı müdahale gerektiren petrol kaynaklı kirlenmelerde, akut toksisite testinin 5 dakikalık maruziyet süresi sonuçlarından yararlanılabileceği belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma ile hem bu özel alanın korunması ve hem de biyoçeşitliliğin etkilenmemesi için petrol kirliliği özelinde çalışmalar, senaryolar ve kıyısal alan koruma planları ile bütünleşik izlemelerin yapılmasının önemi vurgulanabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Akut toksisite, Deniz kazası, İstanbul, Petrol kirliliği, Sektör Kadıköy.

Kaynakça

• Ahmed, M. (2015). Acute toxicity (lethal dose 50 calculation) of herbal drug somina in rats and mice. Pharmacology & Pharmacy, 6, 185-189.
• Akduman, S., Demirbağ, M.A. & Sivri, N. (2020). Bibliometric profile of scientific research on bacteriological water quality studies in Turkey (1999-2019). J. Anatolian Env. and Anim. Sciences, 5(3), 425-432. Aruldoss, J. & Viraraghavan, T. (1998). Toxicity testing of refinery wastewater using Microtox. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 60, 456–463.
• Aydogdu, Y.V., Yurtoren, C., Park, J.S., & Park, Y.S. (2012). A study on local traffic management to improve marine traffic safety in the Istanbul Strait. The Journal of Navigation, 65(1), 99-112.
• Aydogdu, Y.V. (2014). A comparison of maritime risk perception and accident statistics in the Istanbul Straight. The Journal of Navigation, 67(1), 129-144.
• Başar, E. (2010). Weathering and oil spill simulations in the aftermath of tanker accidents at the junction points in the Marmara Sea. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 19(2), 260–265.
• Basar, E., Sivri, N., Uğurlu, Ö. & Sönmez, V.Z. (2018). Potential impacts of oil spill damage around the planned oil rigs at the Black Sea. Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences, 47(11), 2198–2206.
• Cohen, A.M. & Nugegoda, D. (2000). Toxicity of three oil spill remediation techniques to the Australian bass Macquaria novemaculeata. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 47(2), 178-185.
• Demiray, N. (2006). Sintine sularından kaynaklanabilecek deniz kirliliğinin değerlendirilmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Isparta, Türkiye, 79 s.
• Dong, C.D., Thi-Hong-Hanh Nguyen, T.H., Hou, C.C.T. & Tsai, C.C. (2019). Integrated numerical model for the simulation of the ts taipei oil spill. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 27(4), 359–368.
• Doğan, E. & Burak, S. (2007). Ship-originated pollution in the Istanbul strait (Bosphorus) and Marmara Sea. Journal of Coastal Research, 23(2), 388–394.
• Deniz Trafiği. (2021). https://www.marinetraffic.com/en/ais/home/centerx:28.940/centery:40.966/zoom:12 Erişim tarihi:25.08.2021.
• Eisman, M.P., Landon-Arnold, S. & Swindoll, C. (1991). Determination of petroleumhydrocarbon toxicity with Microtox reg sign. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 47(6), 811–816.
• Ellegaard, O. & Wallin, J.A. (2015). The bibliometric analysis of scholarly production: How great is the impact?, Scientometrics, 105(3), 1809-1831.
• Gin, K.Y.H., Huda, M.K., Lim, W.K. & Tkalich, P. (2001). An oil spill food chain interaction model for coastal waters. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 42(7), 590-597.
• GNOME. (2017). GNOME 1.3.11, NOAA Office of Response Restoration, US. https://response.restoration.noaa.gov/oil-and-chemical-spills/oil-spills/response-tools/gnome.html Erişim tarihi:25.08.2021
• Hodge, A. & Sterner, B. (2005). Toxicity Classes. In: Canadian Center for Occupational Health and Safety. https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/chemicals/ld50.html Erişim tarihi:25.08.2021
• IMO. (2006). LC/SG 29/2, International Maritime Organization, 29th Meeting, United Kingdom.
• IMO. (2008). Casualty Investigation Code: Code of the International Standards and Recommended Practices for a Safety Investigation into a Marine Casualty or Marine Incident. International Maritime Organization Publishing.
• Kaptan, M., Sivri, N., Blettler, M.C. & Uğurlu, Ö. (2020). Potential threat of plastic waste during the navigation of ships through the Turkish straits. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 192(8), 1–7.
• Keshavarzifard, M., Zakaria, M.P., & Sharifi, R. (2017). Ecotoxicological and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in short-neck clam (Paphia undulata) and contaminated sediments in Malacca Strait, Malaysia. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 73(3), 474-487.
• Kıyı Emniyeti. (2021). Türk Boğazları Gemi Trafik Hizmetleri (TBGTH) Kullanıcı Rehberi,https://kiyiemniyeti.gov.tr/Data/1/Files/Document/Documents/kb/OM/TM/OR/TBGTH%20Kullan%C4%B1c%C4%B1%20Rehberi.pdf Erişim tarihi: 10.08.2021.
• Long, S.M., & Holdway, D.A. (2002). Acute toxicity of crude and dispersed oil to Octopus pallidus (Hoyle, 1885) hatchlings. Water Research, 36(11), 2769-2776. Microtox. (1992). Microtox® Manual. Microbics Corporation.
• Mitchell, F.M. & Holdway, D.A. (2000). The acute and chronic toxicity of the dispersants Corexit 9527 and 9500, water accommodated fraction (WAF) of crude oil, and dispersant enhanced WAF (DEWAF) to Hydra viridissima (green hydra). Water Research, 34(1), 343-348.
• Pollino, C.A., & Holdway, D.A. (2002). Reproductive potential of crimson‐spotted rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis) following short‐term exposure to bass strait crude oil and dispersed crude oil. Environmental Toxicology: An International Journal, 17(2), 138-145.
• Saeed, T. & Beg, M. (2007). Relative toxicity of seawater-soluble fractions of Kuwait crude oil and different petroleum products. Science International-Lahore, 19(4), 277.
• Sahin, S., Akpınar, I. & Sivri, N. (2020). An alternative material for an effective treatment technique proposal in the light of bibliometric profile of global scientific research on antibiotic resistance and Escherichia coli, Environ Monit Assess., 192, 714 .
• Sonmez V.Z, Sivri N. & Dokmeci A.H. (2016). Determination of the toxicity of different discharge waters using acute toxicity tests approved for national pollutant discharge permit in Turkey. Biosci Biotech Res Asia, 13(2), 1-8.
• Sönmez, V.Z. & Sivri, N. (2016). Interlaboratory precision of acute toxicity tests using reference toxicant formaldehyde. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 1(3), 96-99.
• Sönmez, V.Z. & Sivri, N. (2020)a. The toxic effects of commonly used antibiotics in Turkey on aquatic organisms. J. Anatolian Env. and Anim. Sciences, 5(2), 154-160.
• Sönmez, V.Z. & Sivri, N. (2020)b. Change of acute toxicity of dyestuff wastewaters, Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 29(1), 1-8.
• Ulaştrma, Denizcilik ve Haberleşme Bakanlığı (UDHB). 2016. Gemi trafik kayıtları. https://www.gemitrafik.com/tag/udhb/ Erişim Tarihi: 25.08.2021
• Uğurlu, Ö., Köse, E., Yıldırım, U. & Yüksekyıldız, E. (2015a). Marine accident analysis for collision and grounding in oil tanker using FTA method. Maritime Policy & Management, 42(2), 163–185.
• Uğurlu, Ö., Nişancı, R., Köse, E., Yıldırım, U. & Yüksekyıldız, E. (2015b). Investigation of oil tanker accidents by using GIS. International Journal of Maritime Engineering, 157(2), 113–124.
• Uğurlu, Ö., Erol, S. & Başar, E. (2016). The analysis of life safety and economic loss in marine accidents occurring in the Turkish Straits. Maritime Policy & Management, 43(3), 356–370.
• Uysal, Z., Saydam, C. & Yilmaz, K. (1997). Impact of the recent oil spill (Nassia) in bosphorus (Turkey) on developmental stages of sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus Lam. eggs. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 6, 584-588.
• Van Raan, T. (2014). Advances in bibliometric analysis: Research performance assessment and science mapping. Bibliometrics: Use and Abuse in the Review of Research Performance, 87, 17-28.
• Wu, Y., Hannah, C.G., Lau, H., O'Flaherty-Sproul, M. & Wang, X. (2016). A Modelling Study of Influences of Wave-induced Stokes Drift on Trajectories of Oil Spills in Storm Conditions in Hecate Strait. In Proceedings of the 39th AMOP Technical Seminar on Environmental Contamination and Response (pp. 331-347). Environment Canada Ottawa, ON.
• Yildiz, S., Sönmez, V.Z., Uğurlu, Ö., Sivri, N., Loughney, S. & Wang, J. (2021). Modelling of possible tanker accident oil spills in the Istanbul Strait in order to demonstrate the dispersion and toxic effects of oil pollution. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 193(158) 1-19.
• Yönsel, F. (2004). Deniz Ulaşımı ve Deniz Kirliliği, Doktora tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Gemi İnşaatı ve Deniz Mühendisliği Fakültesi, İstanbul, Türkiye.