The effect of prolonged cold storage period on total lipid content and adult cannibalism of Tenebrio molitor

Yıl 2023, , 62 - 68, 31.03.2023

Evrim Sönmez , Necati Alp Erilli

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1215263

Öz

With the discovery that the larvae of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) have a high protein and lipid content in recent years, they are grown in mass as additive feed or live feed. However, one of the most common problems faced by producers in production facilities is cannibalism, which occurs as a result of population density. For this reason, especially when the population is very dense, producers separate the insects that are in the pupa or larvae stage from the culture and keep them in coolers such as refrigerators. Then, when needed, they take the insects out of the refrigerator and use them. However, because insects are ectotherm organisms, their life cycles are extremely dependent on temperature. Although the cold storage method extends the shelf life of insects, exposing them to low temperatures for long periods can both damage their life cycle and significantly affect their lipid and protein content. In this study, the effects of cold storage on total lipid content, total lipid percentage and cannibalism rate of T. molitor larvae, pupae and adults were evaluated. In first stage of the study, the larvae were fed until they weighed 100-190 mg (larval stages 12-17). Afterwards, they were randomly selected and exposed to cold for 10, 20 and 30 days. In the second stage of the study, the larvae were exposed to cold for 10, 20 and 30 days after pupation. Then, they were put under normal laboratory conditions and their development was expected to be completed, and lipid analyzes were made and cannibalism rates were checked. As a result, as the duration of exposure to cold increased, the total lipid content and percentages decreased in the larvae of the unfed control group, while it increased or remained constant in the unfed and cold-exposed group. In addition, cannibalism was observed in T. molitor adults when they werent fed, that is, in cases of hunger and thirst.

Anahtar Kelimeler

developmental stage, feeding, flour worm, temperature, total lipid

Soğukta bekletme süresinin uzamanasının Tenebrio molitor’un toplam lipid miktarına ve ergin yamyamlığına etkisi

Öz

Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvalarının son yıllarda protein ve lipit içeriğinin yüksek olduğunun keşfedilmesi ile katkı yemi veya canlı yem olarak kitlesel olarak yetiştirilmektedir. Fakat üretim tesislerinde üreticilerin en sık karşılaştığı sorunlardan biri popülasyon yoğunluğu sonucu ortaya çıkan kanibalizmdir. Bu nedenle özellikle popülasyon çok yoğun olduğu dönemlerde üreticiler pupa aşamasında olan böcekleri kültürden ayırarak ya başka kaplarda ya da larva ve pupaları buzdolabı gibi soğutucularda bekletmektedirler. Daha sonra ihtiyaç olduğunda böcekleri buzdolabından çıkarıp kullanmaktadırlar. Fakat böcekler ektoterm canlılar olduklarından yaşam döngüleri aşırı derecede sıcaklığa bağımlıdır. Soğukta depolama yöntemi böceklerin raf ömrünü uzatmakla birlikte uzun süreler düşük sıcaklığa maruz bırakmak onların yaşam döngülerine hem zarar verebilir hem de içerdikleri yağ ve protein oranını önemli derecede etkileyebilir. Bu çalışmada soğukta depolamanın T. molitor larva, pupa ve erginlerinin toplam yağ miktarı, toplam yağ yüzdesi ve kanibalizm oranına etkileri değerlendirildi. Çalışmanın ilk aşamasında larvalar 100-190 mg (12-17. larval aşamadakiler) ağırlığa gelene kadar beslendi ve sonrasında rastgele seçilerek 10, 20 ve 30 gün boyunca soğuğa maruz bırakıldı. Çalışmanın ikinci aşamasında larvalar pupa olduktan sonra 10, 20 ve 30 gün boyunca soğuğa maruz bırakıldı. Sonra normal laboratuvar şartlarına alınarak gelişimlerinin tamamlanması beklendi ve yağ analizleri yapılarak, kanibalizm oranlarına bakıldı. Sonuç olarak soğuğa maruz kalma süresi uzadıkça beslenmemiş kontrol grubu larvalarda toplam yağ miktarı ve yüzdeleri düşmüş, beslenmemiş ve soğuğa maruz kalmış grubun ise artmış veya sabit kalmıştır. Ayrıca T. molitor erginlerinde beslenmedikleri zaman yani açlık ve susuzluk durumlarında kanibalizm görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

beslenme, gelişim aşamaları, sıcaklık, unkurdu, toplam lipid

Kaynakça

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