Muhabbet Kuşlarında Kursak Kandidiazisi Tedavi Protokolüne Ek Olarak Verilen A Vitamininin Rolü ve Önemi

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 251 - 255, 30.05.2025

Çağatay Esin , Büşra Uzun Medine Özlek

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1631695

Abstract

Bu çalışmada muhabbet kuşlarında kursak kandidiyazı için standart tedaviye oral A Vitamini eklenmesinin etkinliği değerlendirildi. 1-4 yaş arası, kursak kandidiazis tanısı konan 60 muhabbet kuşu iki gruba ayrıldı. Grup 1, Nystatin, Metoklopramid ve Enrofloksasin alırken, Grup 2 aynı tedaviyi 14 gün boyunca oral A Vitamini ile birlikte aldı. Semptomları tedavi öncesi ve sonrası 1'den 5'e kadar bir ölçekte değerlendirmek için klinik skorlama kullanıldı. Her iki grupta da istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklar gözlendi (p<0,05). Tedavi sonrası klinik skorlama Grup 2'de anlamlı derecede daha fazla iyileşme gösterdi (p<0,05). Hastalığın tekrarlama oranı Grup 1'de %33,3 iken, Grup 2'de 365 gün içinde sadece %13,3 idi. Bu sonuçlar, kursak kandidiazisi için standart tedavi protokolüne A Vitamini eklenmesinin daha hızlı iyileşmeye ve daha düşük bir tekrarlama oranına yol açtığını göstermektedir. Çalışmada, muhabbet kuşlarında kursak kandidiazisinin tedavisinde A Vitamini kullanımının potansiyel faydaları vurgulanmaktadır.

Keywords

Muhabbet kuşu , kandidiazis , tedavi , A vitamini

Project Number

-

The Role and Importance of Vitamin A Given as an Addition to the Treatment Protocol in Budgerigars with Crop Candidiasis

Abstract

This study evaluated the effectiveness of adding oral Vitamin A to the standard treatment for crop candidiasis in budgerigars. A total of 60 budgerigars aged 1-4 years with confirmed crop candidiasis were divided into two groups. Group 1 received Nystatin, Metoclopramide, and Enrofloxacin, while Group 2 received the same treatment along with oral Vitamin A for 14 days. Clinical scoring was used to assess symptoms pre- and post-treatment on a scale of 1 to 5. Statistically significant improvements were observed in both groups (p<0.05). However, post-treatment clinical scores showed a significantly greater improvement in Group 2 (p<0.05). The recurrence rate of the disease was 33.3% in Group 1, compared to only 13.3% in Group 2 within 365 days. These results suggest that the addition of Vitamin A to the standard treatment protocol for crop candidiasis leads to faster recovery and a lower recurrence rate. The study highlights the potential benefits of incorporating Vitamin A in the management of crop candidiasis in budgerigars.

Keywords

Budgerigars , candida , treatment , vitamin A

Ethical Statement

This study was approved by the Ondokuz Mayıs University Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee (2024-49).

Supporting Institution

-

Project Number

-

Thanks

-

References

• Abreu, S.A., Laursen, S.A., Perrin, K.L., Tahas, S.A., & Bertelsen, M.F. (2024). Comparison of three midazolam-based sedation protocols in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) and black-cheeked lovebirds (Agapornis nigrigenis). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 55(1), 111-124.
• Apsemidou, A., Füller, M.A., Idelevich, E.A., Kurzai, O., Tragiannidis, A., & Groll, A.H. (2020). Candida lusitaniae breakthrough fungemia in an immuno- compromised adolescent: case report and review of the literature. Journal of Fungi, 6(4), 380.
• Blaner, W.S., Shmarakov, I.O., & Traber, M.G. (2021). Vitamin A and vitamin E: will the real antioxidant please stand up? Annual Review of Nutrition, 41(1), 105-131.
• Bos, A., van Egmond, M., & Mebius, R. (2022). The role of retinoic acid in the production of immunoglobulin A. Mucosal Immunology, 15(4), 562-572.
• Campione, E., Cosio, T., Lanna, C., Mazzilli, S., Ventura, A., Dika, E., ... & Bianchi, L. (2020). Predictive role of vitamin A serum concentration in psoriatic patients treated with IL-17 inhibitors to prevent skin and systemic fungal infections. Journal of Pharmacological Sciences, 144(1), 52-56.
• Chatterjee, S. (2016). Oxidative stress, inflammation, and disease. In Oxidative stress and biomaterials (pp. 35- 58). Academic Press.
• Doneley, B. (2018). Avian medicine and surgery in practice: companion and aviary birds. CRC press.
• Esin, B., Kaya, C., Akar, M., & Çevik, M. (2024). Investigation of the protective effects of different forms of selenium in freezing dog semen: Comparison of nanoparticle selenium and sodium selenite. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 59(6), e14652.
• Garces, A. (2023). Candidiasis in Birds: An Update: Candidiasis. Journal of Veterinary Physiology and Pathology, 2(3), 42-46.
• Gibbons, P.M. (2020). GI disease in companion birds: what you need to know.
• Hauck, R. (2024). Fungal diseases. In Turkey Diseases and Disorders Volume 1: Bacterial and Fungal Infectious Diseases (pp. 205-232). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
• Hollwarth, A., & Prieto, L.G. (2024). Avian Gastroenterology: Anatomy and Assessment. Veterinary Clinics: Exotic Animal Practice.
• Huang, Z., Liu, Y., Qi, G., Brand, D., & Zheng, S.G. (2018). Role of vitamin A in the immune system. Journal of clinical medicine, 7(9), 258.
• Ibrahim, Z. Y. (2020). Avian candidiasis: a review. Kafrashi, M.H., & Babazadeh, D. (2022). Prevalence of Avian Gastric Yeast (Macrorhabdus ornithogaster) in Parrots and Parakeets: A Case Study. Journal of World’s Poultry Science, 1(1), 29-31.
• Kierończyk, B., Rawski, M., Długosz, J., Świątkiewicz, S., & Józefiak, D. (2016). Avian crop function-a review. Annals of Animal Science, 16(3), 653-678.
• Krautwald-Junghanns, M.E., Moerke-Schindler, T., Vorbrüggen, S., & Cramer, K. (2017). Radiography and ultrasonography in the backyard poultry and waterfowl patient. Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 31(3), 189-197.
• Kurtdede, A., Alkan, Z., Cıngı, C.Ç., Ural, K., & Noyan, D. (2008). Atipik kursak kandidiyazisli bir muhabbet kuşunda radyografik bulgular ve sağaltım. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 1(1), 55-58.
• Ladds, P. (2009). 14. Mycotic and Algal-Associated Diseases in Birds. In Pathology of Australian Native Wildlife (pp. 173-183). CSIRO Publishing.
• Li, Y., Jin, L., & Chen, T. (2020). The effects of secretory IgA in the mucosal immune system. BioMed Research İnternational, 2020(1), 2032057.
• McCready, J.E. (2024). Therapies in Exotic Animal Gastroenterology. Veterinary Clinics: Exotic Animal Practice.
• McCready, J.E. (2024). Treatment of Gastrointestinal Infectious Diseases in Exotic Animals. Veterinary Clinics: Exotic Animal Practice.
• Munteanu, C., & Schwartz, B. (2022). The relationship between nutrition and the immune system. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, 1082500.
• Özkanlar, Y., Ulaş, N., & Değirmençay, Ş. (2016). Kafes Kuşlarında Vitamin Noksanlıkları. Turkiye Klinikleri Veterinary Sciences-Internal Medicine- Special Topics, 2(3), 16-22.
• Prasad, R., Shah, A.H., & Rawal, M.K. (2016). Antifungals: mechanism of action and drug resistance. Yeast Membrane Transport, 327-349.
• Rai, A., Misra, S. R., Panda, S., Sokolowski, G., Mishra, L., Das, R., & Lapinska, B. (2022). Nystatin effectiveness in Oral candidiasis treatment: a Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis of clinical trials. Life, 12(11), 1677.
• Samanta, I., & Bandyopadhyay, S. (2017). Pet bird diseases and care (Vol. 6, pp. 253-262). Singapore: Springer. Schmidt, R.E., Struthers, J.D., & Phalen, D.N. (Eds.). (2024). Pathology of pet and aviary birds. John Wiley & Sons.
• Stephensen, C.B., & Lietz, G. (2021). Vitamin A in resistance to and recovery from infection: relevance to SARS-CoV2. British Journal of Nutrition, 126(11), 1663-1672.
• Talazadeh, F., Ghorbanpoor, M., & Shahriyari, A. (2022). Candidiasis in birds (galliformes, anseriformes, psittaciformes, passeriformes, and columbiformes): a focus on antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida albicans and non-albicans isolates in avian clinical specimens. Topics in Companion Animal Medicine, 46, 100598.
• Terry W., & Campbell M. S. (2017). Disorders of the Avian Digestive Track: Part I: Association of Avian Veterinarians Australasian Committee Ltd. Annual Conference Proceedings Auckland New Zealand, 25, 43-46.
• Van Zeeland, Y.R., Bergers, M.J., van der Valk, L., Schoemaker, N.J., & Lumeij, J.T. (2013). Evaluation of a novel feather scoring system for monitoring feather damaging behaviour in parrots. The Veterinary Journal, 196(2), 247-252.
• Velasco, M. C. (2000). Candidiasis and cryptococcosis in birds. In Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine. WB Saunders, 9(2), 75-81.
• Zhang, L., Hou, Y., Ma, Z., Xie, J., Fan, J., Jiao, Y., ... & Ma, D. (2023). Effect of oral vitamin A supplementation on host immune response to infectious bronchitis virus infection in specific pathogen-free chicken. Poultry Science, 102(7), 102701.