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Unusual Winter Activity of the Ottoman Viper (Montivipera xanthina) in Türkiye

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 288 - 291, 30.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1644558

Abstract

The seasonal dynamics of reptile species and their responses to fluctuations in environmental temperature play a crucial role in their overall ecological functions. Reptiles are ectothermic organisms, meaning their activity levels are largely influenced by external temperatures. While most reptile species in temperate regions enter a state of hibernation during colder months, some exceptions may occur due to environmental changes. In this study, an unusual instance of winter activity was documented for Montivipera xanthina (Ottoman viper) in the Karalan-Eskişehir region of Turkey. A single individual was observed on November 2, 2024, at an ambient temperature of 18.6°C. This observation provides significant insights into the winter behaviors of reptiles, which are generally considered inactive during this period. A review of existing literature reveals no prior records of Montivipera xanthina exhibiting activity in November or any other winter months. Therefore, this study presents the first known documentation of winter activity in this species, raising questions about the potential effects of climate change on reptilian seasonal behaviors. Rising temperatures and shifting seasonal patterns may be altering the hibernation strategies of reptiles, leading to extended activity periods. Such changes could have ecological consequences, affecting predator-prey interactions, reproductive cycles, and overall species distributions.

References

  • Ahmadi, M., Hemami, M. R., Kaboli, M., Malekian, M., & Zimmermann, N. E. (2019). Extinction risks of a Mediterranean neo-endemism complex of mountain vipers triggered by climate change. Scientific reports, 9(1), 6332.
  • Afsar, M., Yakin, B. Y., Çiçek, K., & Ayaz, D. (2019). A new subspecies of Ottoman viper, Montivipera xanthina (Gray, 1849),(Squamata: Viperidae) from Geyik Mountains, Mediterranean Turkey. Ecologica Montenegrina, 22, 214-225.
  • Baran, İ., Avcı, A., Kumlutaş, Y., Olgun, K., & Ilgaz, Ç. (2021). Turkey's amphibians and reptiles. Palme Publishing, Ankara, Türkiye.193p
  • Batum, T., Şahin, M. K., & Kurnaz, M. (2025). Winter Activity of Reptiles in the Anatolian Peninsula. Environmental Toxicology and Ecology, 5(1), 1- 10.
  • Brito, J. (2003). Seasonal and daily activity patterns of Vipera latastei in northern Portugal. Amphibia- Reptilia, 24(4), 497-508.
  • Cattaneo, A. (2022). Effects of ecological divergence in the westernmost Ana-tolian populations of Montivipera xanthina (Gray, 1849) (Serpentes Viperidae). Biodiversity Journal, 13(4), 785-798.
  • Gidiş, M., & Başkale, E. (2020). The herpetofauna of Honaz Mountain National Park (Denizli Province, Turkey) and threatening factors. Amphibian and Reptile Conservation, 14(1), 147-155.
  • Google Earth Pro. (2025). Global satellite imagery. Jablonski, D., Zerzan, D., & Cicek, K. (2015). Scorpions as a prey for Ottoman viper, Montivipera xanthina: the first record from southwestern Anatolia, Turkey. Biharean Biologist, 9(1), 78- 79.
  • Kurnaz, M., & Şahin M. K. (2024). Exceptional Winter Activity Record from Blunt-nosed Viper (Macrovipera lebetinus) in Türkiye. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi, 13(4), 1-4.
  • López-Alcaide, S., & Macip-Ríos, R. (2011). Effects of climate change in amphibians and reptiles. Biodiversity Loss in a Changing Planet, 163-184.
  • Mori, A., Toda, M., & Ota, H. (2002). Winter activity of the Hime-Habu (Ovophis okinavensis) in the humid subtropics: Foraging on breeding anurans at low temperatures. Biology of the Vipers. Eagle Mountain Publishing LC., Eagle Mountain, 329- 344.
  • Nalbantsoy, A., Erel, Ş.B., Köksal, Ç., Göçmen, B., Yıldız, M.Z., & Yavaşoğlu, N.Ü.K. (2013). Viper venom induced inflammation with Montivipera xanthina (Gray, 1849) and the anti- snake venom activities of Artemisia absinthium L. in rat. Toxicon, 65, 34-40.
  • Nordberg, E.J., & Cobb, V.A. (2017). Body temperatures and winter activity in overwintering timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) in Tennessee, USA. Herpetological Conservation and Biology, 12(3), 606-615.
  • Özgül, C.N., Kurtul, D., Gül, Ç., & Tosunoğlu, M. (2022). Unusual winter activity of some amphibian and reptile species living in Bozcaada (Çanakkale, Turkey). Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 7(3), 244- 250.
  • Stümpel, N., Rajabizadeh, M., Avcı, A., Wüster, W., & Joger, U. (2016). Phylogeny and diversification of mountain vipers (Montivipera, Nilson et al., 2001) triggered by multiple Plio-Pleistocene refugia and high-mountain topography in the Near and Middle East. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 101, 336-351.
  • Yalcın, H.T., Ozen, M.O., Gocmen, B., & Nalbantsoy, A. (2014). Effect of Ottoman viper (Montivipera xanthina (Gray, 1849)) venom on various cancer cells and on microorganisms. Cytotechnology, 66, 87-94.
  • Zuffi, M.A. L., Macchia, M., Ioalè, P., & Giudici, F. (1999). Winter activity in a coastal population of Vipera aspis (Reptilia, Viperidae). Revue d'écologie, 54(4), 365-374.

Osmanlı Engereğinin (Montivipera xanthina) Türkiye'deki Olağandışı Kış Aktivitesi

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 288 - 291, 30.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1644558

Abstract

Sürüngen türlerinin mevsimsel dinamikleri ve çevresel sıcaklık dalgalanmalarına verdikleri tepkiler, onların ekolojik işlevleri açısından önemli bir rol oynar. Sürüngenler ektotermik organizmalardır, yani aktiviteleri büyük ölçüde dış sıcaklık tarafından belirlenir. Ilıman bölgelerde yaşayan çoğu sürüngen türü soğuk aylarda kış uykusuna girerken, çevresel değişimlere bağlı olarak bazı istisnalar görülebilir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin Karalan-Eskişehir bölgesinde Montivipera xanthina (Osmanlı engereği) türüne ait alışılmadık bir kış aktivitesi belgelendirilmiştir. Tek bir birey, 2 Kasım 2024 tarihinde, 18.6°C ortam sıcaklığında gözlemlenmiştir. Bu gözlem, genellikle bu dönemde hareketsiz olduğu düşünülen sürüngenlerin kış davranışlarına dair önemli bilgiler sunmaktadır. Mevcut literatür incelendiğinde, Montivipera xanthina'nın Kasım ayında veya diğer kış aylarında aktivite gösterdiğine dair herhangi bir kayıt bulunmamaktadır. Dolayısıyla, bu çalışma, bu türde bilinen ilk kış aktivitesi kaydını sunarak, iklim değişikliğinin sürüngenlerin mevsimsel davranışları üzerindeki potansiyel etkilerine dair sorular ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Artan sıcaklıklar ve değişen mevsimsel düzenler, sürüngenlerin kış uykusu stratejilerini değiştirerek daha uzun aktivite dönemlerine yol açabilir. Bu tür değişiklikler, av-avcı etkileşimleri, üreme döngüleri ve türlerin genel dağılımı gibi ekolojik sonuçlar doğurabilir.

References

  • Ahmadi, M., Hemami, M. R., Kaboli, M., Malekian, M., & Zimmermann, N. E. (2019). Extinction risks of a Mediterranean neo-endemism complex of mountain vipers triggered by climate change. Scientific reports, 9(1), 6332.
  • Afsar, M., Yakin, B. Y., Çiçek, K., & Ayaz, D. (2019). A new subspecies of Ottoman viper, Montivipera xanthina (Gray, 1849),(Squamata: Viperidae) from Geyik Mountains, Mediterranean Turkey. Ecologica Montenegrina, 22, 214-225.
  • Baran, İ., Avcı, A., Kumlutaş, Y., Olgun, K., & Ilgaz, Ç. (2021). Turkey's amphibians and reptiles. Palme Publishing, Ankara, Türkiye.193p
  • Batum, T., Şahin, M. K., & Kurnaz, M. (2025). Winter Activity of Reptiles in the Anatolian Peninsula. Environmental Toxicology and Ecology, 5(1), 1- 10.
  • Brito, J. (2003). Seasonal and daily activity patterns of Vipera latastei in northern Portugal. Amphibia- Reptilia, 24(4), 497-508.
  • Cattaneo, A. (2022). Effects of ecological divergence in the westernmost Ana-tolian populations of Montivipera xanthina (Gray, 1849) (Serpentes Viperidae). Biodiversity Journal, 13(4), 785-798.
  • Gidiş, M., & Başkale, E. (2020). The herpetofauna of Honaz Mountain National Park (Denizli Province, Turkey) and threatening factors. Amphibian and Reptile Conservation, 14(1), 147-155.
  • Google Earth Pro. (2025). Global satellite imagery. Jablonski, D., Zerzan, D., & Cicek, K. (2015). Scorpions as a prey for Ottoman viper, Montivipera xanthina: the first record from southwestern Anatolia, Turkey. Biharean Biologist, 9(1), 78- 79.
  • Kurnaz, M., & Şahin M. K. (2024). Exceptional Winter Activity Record from Blunt-nosed Viper (Macrovipera lebetinus) in Türkiye. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi, 13(4), 1-4.
  • López-Alcaide, S., & Macip-Ríos, R. (2011). Effects of climate change in amphibians and reptiles. Biodiversity Loss in a Changing Planet, 163-184.
  • Mori, A., Toda, M., & Ota, H. (2002). Winter activity of the Hime-Habu (Ovophis okinavensis) in the humid subtropics: Foraging on breeding anurans at low temperatures. Biology of the Vipers. Eagle Mountain Publishing LC., Eagle Mountain, 329- 344.
  • Nalbantsoy, A., Erel, Ş.B., Köksal, Ç., Göçmen, B., Yıldız, M.Z., & Yavaşoğlu, N.Ü.K. (2013). Viper venom induced inflammation with Montivipera xanthina (Gray, 1849) and the anti- snake venom activities of Artemisia absinthium L. in rat. Toxicon, 65, 34-40.
  • Nordberg, E.J., & Cobb, V.A. (2017). Body temperatures and winter activity in overwintering timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) in Tennessee, USA. Herpetological Conservation and Biology, 12(3), 606-615.
  • Özgül, C.N., Kurtul, D., Gül, Ç., & Tosunoğlu, M. (2022). Unusual winter activity of some amphibian and reptile species living in Bozcaada (Çanakkale, Turkey). Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 7(3), 244- 250.
  • Stümpel, N., Rajabizadeh, M., Avcı, A., Wüster, W., & Joger, U. (2016). Phylogeny and diversification of mountain vipers (Montivipera, Nilson et al., 2001) triggered by multiple Plio-Pleistocene refugia and high-mountain topography in the Near and Middle East. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 101, 336-351.
  • Yalcın, H.T., Ozen, M.O., Gocmen, B., & Nalbantsoy, A. (2014). Effect of Ottoman viper (Montivipera xanthina (Gray, 1849)) venom on various cancer cells and on microorganisms. Cytotechnology, 66, 87-94.
  • Zuffi, M.A. L., Macchia, M., Ioalè, P., & Giudici, F. (1999). Winter activity in a coastal population of Vipera aspis (Reptilia, Viperidae). Revue d'écologie, 54(4), 365-374.
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Ecology (Other), Vertebrate Biology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Çağatay Bayram 0009-0004-6063-7537

Mehmet Kürşat Şahin 0000-0003-0834-5081

Muammer Kurnaz 0000-0002-0498-0208

Early Pub Date May 24, 2025
Publication Date May 30, 2025
Submission Date February 21, 2025
Acceptance Date May 12, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 10 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Bayram, Ç., Şahin, M. K., & Kurnaz, M. (2025). Unusual Winter Activity of the Ottoman Viper (Montivipera xanthina) in Türkiye. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 10(3), 288-291. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1644558


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