Dose-Dependent Physiological, Genotoxic and Histological Effects of Ethanolamine in A Plant Bioindicator System (Allium cepa L.)

Aytül Uzun Akgeyik

doi:10.35229/jaes.1881136

EN TR

Dose-Dependent Physiological, Genotoxic and Histological Effects of Ethanolamine in A Plant Bioindicator System (Allium cepa L.)

Abstract

Ethanolamines are widely used chemical compounds in industrial applications and can be released into the environment through wastewater and soil. However, studies investigating their physiological, genotoxic, and anatomical effects on plants are very limited, and no comprehensive evaluation using the Allium cepa model has been reported. In this study, the toxic effects of ethanolamine (EA) on Allium cepa were investigated for the first time using physiological, cytogenetic, and anatomical parameters. The EC₅₀ value was defined as the concentration causing a 50% reduction in mean root length compared to the control group and was calculated as 50 mg/L based on root growth inhibition. Accordingly, onion bulbs were exposed to 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L (EC₅₀), and 100 mg/L ethanolamine for 72 hours. Ethanolamine exposure caused statistically significant, dose-dependent decreases in root growth, biomass accumulation, and germination rate. Compared with the control group, germination decreased by 10% at 25 mg/L, 46.7% at 50 mg/L, and 56.7% at 100 mg/L. Cytogenetic analyses showed a significant increase in micronucleus frequency and a marked decrease in the mitotic index with increasing ethanolamine concentration. Various chromosomal abnormalities, including sticky and vagrant chromosomes, pole flattening, unequal chromatin distribution, fragments, and bridges, were also observed. Anatomical analyses revealed dose-dependent increases in epidermal cell damage, nuclear flattening, cortex cell wall thickening, vacuolization, and structural alterations in vascular tissues of the root meristem. In conclusion, ethanolamine induced clear dose-dependent phytotoxic, genotoxic, and anatomical damage in Allium cepa, providing a novel contribution to the limited literature on ethanolamine toxicity in plants.

Keywords

Ethanolamine, Allium cepa bioassay, Chromosomal damage, Genotoxicity.

Bir Bitki Biyoindikatör Sisteminde (Allium cepa l.) Etanolaminin Doza Bağlı Fizyolojik, Genotoksik ve Histolojik Etkileri

Abstract

Etanolaminler, endüstriyel uygulamalarda yaygın olarak kullanılan ve atık su ile toprak yoluyla çevreye salınabilen kimyasal bileşiklerdir. Ancak etanolaminlerin bitkiler üzerindeki fizyolojik, genotoksik ve anatomik etkilerini inceleyen çalışmalar oldukça sınırlıdır ve Allium cepa modeli kullanılarak yapılan kapsamlı bir değerlendirme literatürde yer almamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, etanolaminin (EA) Allium cepa üzerindeki toksik etkileri fizyolojik, sitogenetik ve anatomik parametreler temelinde ilk kez incelenmiştir. EC₅₀ değeri, kök büyüme inhibisyonuna dayalı olarak kontrol grubuna kıyasla ortalama kök uzunluğunda %50 azalmaya neden olan konsantrasyon olarak belirlenmiş ve 50 mg/L olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda soğanlar 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L (EC₅₀) ve 100 mg/L etanolamin konsantrasyonlarına 72 saat süreyle maruz bırakılmıştır. Etanolamin uygulaması, doz artışına bağlı olarak kök büyümesi, biyokütle birikimi ve çimlenme oranında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı azalmaya neden olmuştur. Kontrol grubuna kıyasla çimlenme oranı 25 mg/L’de %10, 50 mg/L’de %46,7 ve 100 mg/L’de %56,7 oranında azalmıştır. Sitogenetik analizlerde, etanolamin konsantrasyonuna bağlı olarak mikronükleus sıklığında anlamlı artış ve mitotik indekste belirgin azalma belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca yapışkan ve vagrant kromozomlar, kutup düzleşmesi, eşit olmayan kromatin dağılımı, fragment ve köprü oluşumu gibi çeşitli kromozomal anormallikler gözlenmiştir. Anatomik incelemeler, kök meristem dokusunda epidermis hücre hasarı, çekirdek yassılaşması, korteks hücre duvarı kalınlaşması, vakuolizasyon ve iletim dokusunda yapısal bozulmaların etanolamin konsantrasyonuna bağlı olarak arttığını ortaya koymuştur. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma etanolaminin Allium cepa’da doza bağlı olarak belirgin fitotoksik, genotoksik ve anatomik hasarlara neden olduğunu göstermekte ve bitkilerde etanolamin toksisitesine ilişkin sınırlı literatüre özgün bir katkı sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

Etanolamin, Allium cepa biyotesti, Kromozomal hasar, Genotoksik.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Cell and Nuclear Division, Genetics (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Aytül Uzun Akgeyik ^*
0000-0002-5602-0524
Türkiye

Publication Date

April 26, 2026

Submission Date

February 3, 2026

Acceptance Date

April 14, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: 2026

DOI

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1881136

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA96NM67LU

APA

Uzun Akgeyik, A. (2026). Dose-Dependent Physiological, Genotoxic and Histological Effects of Ethanolamine in A Plant Bioindicator System (Allium cepa L.). Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 2026, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1881136

AMA

1.Uzun Akgeyik A. Dose-Dependent Physiological, Genotoxic and Histological Effects of Ethanolamine in A Plant Bioindicator System (Allium cepa L.). JAES. 2026;(2026):1-10. doi:10.35229/jaes.1881136

Chicago

Uzun Akgeyik, Aytül. 2026. “Dose-Dependent Physiological, Genotoxic and Histological Effects of Ethanolamine in A Plant Bioindicator System (Allium Cepa L.)”. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, nos. 2026: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1881136.

EndNote

Uzun Akgeyik A (April 1, 2026) Dose-Dependent Physiological, Genotoxic and Histological Effects of Ethanolamine in A Plant Bioindicator System (Allium cepa L.). Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences 2026 1–10.

IEEE

[1]A. Uzun Akgeyik, “Dose-Dependent Physiological, Genotoxic and Histological Effects of Ethanolamine in A Plant Bioindicator System (Allium cepa L.)”, JAES, no. 2026, pp. 1–10, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.35229/jaes.1881136.

ISNAD

Uzun Akgeyik, Aytül. “Dose-Dependent Physiological, Genotoxic and Histological Effects of Ethanolamine in A Plant Bioindicator System (Allium Cepa L.)”. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences. 2026 (April 1, 2026): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1881136.

JAMA

1.Uzun Akgeyik A. Dose-Dependent Physiological, Genotoxic and Histological Effects of Ethanolamine in A Plant Bioindicator System (Allium cepa L.). JAES. 2026;:1–10.

MLA

Uzun Akgeyik, Aytül. “Dose-Dependent Physiological, Genotoxic and Histological Effects of Ethanolamine in A Plant Bioindicator System (Allium Cepa L.)”. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, no. 2026, Apr. 2026, pp. 1-10, doi:10.35229/jaes.1881136.

Vancouver

1.Aytül Uzun Akgeyik. Dose-Dependent Physiological, Genotoxic and Histological Effects of Ethanolamine in A Plant Bioindicator System (Allium cepa L.). JAES. 2026 Apr. 1;(2026):1-10. doi:10.35229/jaes.1881136

EBSCOHost Scilit CABI

JAES/AAS-Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences/Anatolian Academic Sciences&Anadolu Çevre ve Hayvancılık Dergisi/Anadolu Akademik Bilimler-AÇEH/AAS

Dose-Dependent Physiological, Genotoxic and Histological Effects of Ethanolamine in A Plant Bioindicator System (Allium cepa L.)

Abstract

Keywords

Bir Bitki Biyoindikatör Sisteminde (Allium cepa l.) Etanolaminin Doza Bağlı Fizyolojik, Genotoksik ve Histolojik Etkileri

Abstract

Keywords

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

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Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

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