Research Article
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Determination of Reference Values of Some Hematological and Immunological Parameters in Healthy Russian Sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii)

Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 212 - 217, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.714366

Abstract

This study aims to determine the reference intervals of some hematological and immunological parameters in healthy Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt & Ratzeburg, 1833) blood. These parameters are important indicators of fish physiological status and fish health. In the study, reference ranges of erythrocyte, leukocyte, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, neutrophil, basophil, and hematocrit values were determined for hematological parameters. In terms of immunological parameters, the reference intervals of TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha), IFN-γ (interferon-gamma), IL-1β (interleukin 1 beta), IL-6 (interleukin 6) and IL-8 (interleukin 8) values were determined. The reference ranges we have detected; erythrocyte 0.77–1.23 × 106/mm3, leukocyte 9.21–16.96 × 103/mm3, lymphocyte 43.35–59.78%, monocyte 4.61–11.39%, eosinophil 3.27–6.52%, neutrophil 12.16–18.41%, hematocrit 22.14–28.63%, TNF-α 27.59–49.83 pg/ml, IFN-γ 66.25–79.34 pg/ml, IL-1β 1.08–1.76 pg/ml, IL-6 11.2–19.7 pg/ml and IL-8 31.4–52.7 pg/ml. It is thought that the hematological and immunological reference intervals detected in the Russian sturgeons which will contribute significantly to the determination of the health and physiological situation of these fish.

Supporting Institution

This study was supported by Cukurova University Scientific Research Projects Unit.

Project Number

Project Number: FBA-2018-11062

References

  • Affonso, E.G., Polez, V.L.P., Correa, C.F., Mazon, A.F., Araujo, M.R.R., Moraes, G., & Rantin, F.T. (2002). Blood parameters and metabolites in the teleost fish Colossoma macropomum exposed to sulfide or hypoxia. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol, 133, 375-382. Doi: 10.1016/S1532-0456(02)00127-8
  • Akdoğan, M., & Yöntem, M. (2018). Sitokinler. Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), 36-45. Doi: 10.26453/otjhs.350321
  • Alyakrinskyaya, I.O., & Dolgova, S.N. (1984). Hematological features of young sturgeons. Vopr Ikhtiol, 4, 135-139.
  • Bahmani, M. (1998). Phylogenic and systematic study on sturgeons. Iranian scientific fisheries journal, 7(2), 9-30.
  • Bahmani, M. (1999). Application of biological characteristics of fish in aquaculture related to reproduction physiology. Eighth Iranian National Conference of Biology. 31 August –2 September. Kermanshah, Iran (in Persian).
  • Baker, D.W., Wood, A.M., Litvak, M.K., & Kieffer, J.D. (2005). Haematology of juvenile Acipenser oxyrinchus and Acipenser brevirostrum at rest and following forced activity. Journal of Fish Biology, 66(1), 208-221. Doi: 10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00595.x
  • Bahmani, M., Kazemi, R., & Donskaya, P. (2001). A comparative study of some hematological features in young reared sturgeons (Acipenser persicus and Huso huso). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 24(2), 135-140. Doi: 10.1023/A:1011911019155
  • Blaxhall, P.C. (1972). The haematological assessment of the health of freshwater fish: a review of selected literature. J. Fish Biol., 4, 593-604.
  • Blaxhall, P.C., & Daisley, K.W. (1973). Routine haematological methods for use with fish blood. J. Fish Biol., 5, 771-781.
  • Bucur, C., Radu, D., Marica, N., Oprea, D., & Stancioiu, S. (2009). Preliminary hematologic studies on Polyodon spathula (Walbaum, 1792) reared in controlled system. Annals of the University Dunarea de Jos of Galati Fascicle VI--Food Technology, 3(33), 62-69.
  • Cataldi, E., Di Marco, P., Mandich, A., & Cataudella, S. (1998). Serum parameters of Adriatic sturgeon Acipenser naccarii (Pisces: Acipenseriformes): effects of temperature and stress. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 121(4), 351-354. Doi: 10.1016/S1095-6433(98)10134-4
  • Chebanov, M.S., & Galich, E.V. (2011). Sturgeon hatchery manual. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper. Ankara, Turkey.
  • Docan, A., Grecu, I., Creţu, M., Antache, A., & Dediu, L. (2017). Haematological and serum biochemical changes associated with bacteriological infection in Acipenser gueldenstaedtii reared in intensive condition. Lucrări Științifice-Universitatea de Științe Agricole și Medicină Veterinară, Seria Zootehnie, 67, 104-109.
  • Duman, S., & Şahan, A. (2018). Some hematological and non-specific immune responses of rosehip (Rosa canina)-Fed Russian Sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt & Ratzeburg, 1833) to Mycobacterium salmoniphilum. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 61. Doi: 10.1590/1678-4324-2018180283
  • Duman, S. (2019a). Grading the Occurrence of Scoliosis Seen in Siberian Sturgeon (Acipenser baerii Brandt, 1869). Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 4(2), 145-150. Doi: 10.35229/jaes.552819
  • Duman, S. (2019b). The effect of anesthetic (2-phenoxyethanol) application on some biochemical and hematological parameters in Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) and Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) during transport. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 43(6), 825-833. Doi: 10.3906/vet-1812-96
  • Düzgüneş, D., Kesici, T., & Gürbüz, F. (1983). İstatistik metodları-I. A.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Fujimaki, Y., & Isoda, M. (1990). Fine‐structural study of leucocytes in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. J. Fish Biol. 36, 821-831. Doi: 10.1111/j.10958649.1990.tb05630.x
  • Ghiasi, S., Falahatkar, B., Dabrowski, K., Abasalizadeh, A., & Arslan, M. (2014). Effect of thiamine injection on growth performance, hematology and germinal vesicle migration in sterlet sturgeon Acipenser ruthenus L. Aquaculture international, 22(5), 1563-1576. Doi: 10.1007/s10499-014-9765-7
  • Hoseinifar, S.H., Mirvaghefi, A., Merrifield, D.L., Amiri, B.M., Yelghi, S., & Bastami, K.D. (2011). The study of some haematological and serum biochemical parameters of juvenile beluga (Huso huso) fed oligofructose. Fish physiology and biochemistry, 37(1), 91-96. Doi: 10.1007/s10695-010-9420-9
  • Houston, J.B., & Carlile, D.J. (1997). Incorporation of in vitro drug metabolism data into physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models. Toxicology in vitro, 11(5), 473-478. Doi: 10.1016/S0887-2333(97)00056-8
  • Knowles, S., Hrubec, T.C., Smith, S.A., & Bakal, R.S. (2006). Hematology and plasma chemistry reference intervals for cultured shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum). Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 35(4), 434-440. Doi: 10.1111/j.1939-165X.2006.tb00160.x
  • Kocabatmaz, M., Ekingen, G. (1984). Standardization of haematological methods and taking blood from various fish species. J. of Nature Sci. 2, 149-159.
  • Laing, K.J., Zou, J.J., Wang, T., Bols, N., Hirono, I., Aoki, T., & Secombes, C.J. (2002). Identification and analysis of an interleukin 8-like molecule in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Developmental & Comparative Immunology, 26(5), 433-444. Doi: 10.1016/S0145-305X(01)00092-1
  • Matsche, M.A., Arnold, J., Jenkins, E., Townsend, H., & Rosemary, K. (2014). Determination of hematology and plasma chemistry reference intervals for 3 populations of captive Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus). Veterinary clinical pathology, 43(3), 387-396. Doi: 10.1111/vcp.12174
  • Mishima, S., Saito, K., Maruyama, H., Inoue, M., Yamashita, T., Ishida, T., & Gu, Y. (2004). Antioxidant and immuno-enhancing effects of Echinacea purpurea. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 27(7), 1004-1009. Doi: 10.1248/bpb.27.1004
  • Mulero, V., & Meseguer, J. (1998). Functional characterisation of a macrophage-activating factor produced by leucocytes of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 8(2), 143-156. Doi: 10.1006/fsim.1997.0127
  • Emre, N., Güroy, D., Yalım, F.B., Emre, Y., Güroy, B., Mantoğlu, S., & Karadal, O. (2018). Growth Performance, Body Composition, Haematological and Serum Parameters to Fish Meal Replacement by Soybean Meal and Cottonseed Meal in Russian Sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii). Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research, 4(3), 169-176. Doi:10.17216/limnofish.460773
  • Nussey, G., Van Vuren, J.H.J., & Du Preez, H.H. (1995). Effect of copper on the haematology and osmoregulation of the Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Cichlidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology, 111(3), 369-380. Doi: 10.1016/0742-8413(95)00063-1
  • Ruchin, A.B. (2007). Effect of photoperiod on growth, physiologica and hematological indices of juvenile Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii. Biology Bulletin. 34, 583-589. Doi:10.1134/S1062359007060088
  • Sadati, M.A.Y., Pourkazemi, M., Shakurian, M., Hasani, M.H.S., Pourali, H.R., Pourasaadi, M., & Yousefi, A. (2011). Effects of daily temperature fluctuations on growth and hematology of juvenile Acipenser baerii. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 27(2), 591-594. Doi:10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01667.x
  • Stolen, S.J., Fletcher, T.C., Rowley, A.F., Zelikoff, J.T., Kaattari, S.L., Smith, S.A. (1994). Techniques in fish immunology. Fish immunology technical communications. 1st ed. Virginia-Maryland, USA.
  • Şahan, A., Duman, S., Çolak, S. Ö., Çinar, E., & Bilgin, R. (2017). Determination of some hematological and non-specific immune defences, oxidative stress and histopathological status in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed rosehip (Rosa canina) to Yersinia ruckeri. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 17(1), 91-100. Doi:10.4194/1303-2712-v17_1_11
  • Tafalla, C., Figueras, A., & Novoa, B. (2001). Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus alters turbot Scophthalmus maximus macrophage nitric oxide production. Diseases of aquatic organisms, 47(2), 101-107. Doi: 10.3354/dao047101
  • Tavakoli, M., Fazli, H., Moghim, M., Khoshghalb, M.R., Valinasab, T., & Abdolmaleki, S. (2019). Population ecological parameters and stock assessment of Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedti Brandt & Ratzeburg, 1833 in the Southern Caspian Sea. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 35(1), 378-386. Doi: 10.1111/jai.13730
  • Trenzado, C.E., Carrick, T.R., & Pottinger, T.G. (2003). Divergence of endocrine and metabolic responses to stress in two rainbow trout lines selected for differing cortisol responsiveness to stress. General and comparative endocrinology, 133(3), 332-340. Doi:10.1016/S0016-6480(03)00191-6
  • Van Vuren, J.H. (1986). The effects of toxicants on the haematology of Labeo umbratus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C, Comparative pharmacology and toxicology, 83(1), 155.
  • Voller, A., Bartlett, A., & Bidwell, D.E. (1978). Enzyme immunoassays with special reference to ELISA techniques. Journal of clinical pathology, 31(6), 507-520.
  • Yin, Z., Lam, T.J., & Sin, Y.M. (1997). Cytokine-mediated antimicrobial immune response of catfish, Clarias gariepinus, as a defence against Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 7(2), 93-104.
  • Zarejabad, A.M., Jalali, M.A., Sudagar, M., & Pouralimotlagh, S. (2010). Hematology of great sturgeon (Huso huso Linnaeus, 1758) juvenile exposed to brackish water environment. Fish physiology and biochemistry, 36(3), 655-659. Doi: 10.1007/s10695-009-9339-1
Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 212 - 217, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.714366

Abstract

Project Number

Project Number: FBA-2018-11062

References

  • Affonso, E.G., Polez, V.L.P., Correa, C.F., Mazon, A.F., Araujo, M.R.R., Moraes, G., & Rantin, F.T. (2002). Blood parameters and metabolites in the teleost fish Colossoma macropomum exposed to sulfide or hypoxia. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol, 133, 375-382. Doi: 10.1016/S1532-0456(02)00127-8
  • Akdoğan, M., & Yöntem, M. (2018). Sitokinler. Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), 36-45. Doi: 10.26453/otjhs.350321
  • Alyakrinskyaya, I.O., & Dolgova, S.N. (1984). Hematological features of young sturgeons. Vopr Ikhtiol, 4, 135-139.
  • Bahmani, M. (1998). Phylogenic and systematic study on sturgeons. Iranian scientific fisheries journal, 7(2), 9-30.
  • Bahmani, M. (1999). Application of biological characteristics of fish in aquaculture related to reproduction physiology. Eighth Iranian National Conference of Biology. 31 August –2 September. Kermanshah, Iran (in Persian).
  • Baker, D.W., Wood, A.M., Litvak, M.K., & Kieffer, J.D. (2005). Haematology of juvenile Acipenser oxyrinchus and Acipenser brevirostrum at rest and following forced activity. Journal of Fish Biology, 66(1), 208-221. Doi: 10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00595.x
  • Bahmani, M., Kazemi, R., & Donskaya, P. (2001). A comparative study of some hematological features in young reared sturgeons (Acipenser persicus and Huso huso). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 24(2), 135-140. Doi: 10.1023/A:1011911019155
  • Blaxhall, P.C. (1972). The haematological assessment of the health of freshwater fish: a review of selected literature. J. Fish Biol., 4, 593-604.
  • Blaxhall, P.C., & Daisley, K.W. (1973). Routine haematological methods for use with fish blood. J. Fish Biol., 5, 771-781.
  • Bucur, C., Radu, D., Marica, N., Oprea, D., & Stancioiu, S. (2009). Preliminary hematologic studies on Polyodon spathula (Walbaum, 1792) reared in controlled system. Annals of the University Dunarea de Jos of Galati Fascicle VI--Food Technology, 3(33), 62-69.
  • Cataldi, E., Di Marco, P., Mandich, A., & Cataudella, S. (1998). Serum parameters of Adriatic sturgeon Acipenser naccarii (Pisces: Acipenseriformes): effects of temperature and stress. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 121(4), 351-354. Doi: 10.1016/S1095-6433(98)10134-4
  • Chebanov, M.S., & Galich, E.V. (2011). Sturgeon hatchery manual. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper. Ankara, Turkey.
  • Docan, A., Grecu, I., Creţu, M., Antache, A., & Dediu, L. (2017). Haematological and serum biochemical changes associated with bacteriological infection in Acipenser gueldenstaedtii reared in intensive condition. Lucrări Științifice-Universitatea de Științe Agricole și Medicină Veterinară, Seria Zootehnie, 67, 104-109.
  • Duman, S., & Şahan, A. (2018). Some hematological and non-specific immune responses of rosehip (Rosa canina)-Fed Russian Sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt & Ratzeburg, 1833) to Mycobacterium salmoniphilum. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 61. Doi: 10.1590/1678-4324-2018180283
  • Duman, S. (2019a). Grading the Occurrence of Scoliosis Seen in Siberian Sturgeon (Acipenser baerii Brandt, 1869). Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 4(2), 145-150. Doi: 10.35229/jaes.552819
  • Duman, S. (2019b). The effect of anesthetic (2-phenoxyethanol) application on some biochemical and hematological parameters in Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) and Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) during transport. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 43(6), 825-833. Doi: 10.3906/vet-1812-96
  • Düzgüneş, D., Kesici, T., & Gürbüz, F. (1983). İstatistik metodları-I. A.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Fujimaki, Y., & Isoda, M. (1990). Fine‐structural study of leucocytes in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. J. Fish Biol. 36, 821-831. Doi: 10.1111/j.10958649.1990.tb05630.x
  • Ghiasi, S., Falahatkar, B., Dabrowski, K., Abasalizadeh, A., & Arslan, M. (2014). Effect of thiamine injection on growth performance, hematology and germinal vesicle migration in sterlet sturgeon Acipenser ruthenus L. Aquaculture international, 22(5), 1563-1576. Doi: 10.1007/s10499-014-9765-7
  • Hoseinifar, S.H., Mirvaghefi, A., Merrifield, D.L., Amiri, B.M., Yelghi, S., & Bastami, K.D. (2011). The study of some haematological and serum biochemical parameters of juvenile beluga (Huso huso) fed oligofructose. Fish physiology and biochemistry, 37(1), 91-96. Doi: 10.1007/s10695-010-9420-9
  • Houston, J.B., & Carlile, D.J. (1997). Incorporation of in vitro drug metabolism data into physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models. Toxicology in vitro, 11(5), 473-478. Doi: 10.1016/S0887-2333(97)00056-8
  • Knowles, S., Hrubec, T.C., Smith, S.A., & Bakal, R.S. (2006). Hematology and plasma chemistry reference intervals for cultured shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum). Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 35(4), 434-440. Doi: 10.1111/j.1939-165X.2006.tb00160.x
  • Kocabatmaz, M., Ekingen, G. (1984). Standardization of haematological methods and taking blood from various fish species. J. of Nature Sci. 2, 149-159.
  • Laing, K.J., Zou, J.J., Wang, T., Bols, N., Hirono, I., Aoki, T., & Secombes, C.J. (2002). Identification and analysis of an interleukin 8-like molecule in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Developmental & Comparative Immunology, 26(5), 433-444. Doi: 10.1016/S0145-305X(01)00092-1
  • Matsche, M.A., Arnold, J., Jenkins, E., Townsend, H., & Rosemary, K. (2014). Determination of hematology and plasma chemistry reference intervals for 3 populations of captive Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus). Veterinary clinical pathology, 43(3), 387-396. Doi: 10.1111/vcp.12174
  • Mishima, S., Saito, K., Maruyama, H., Inoue, M., Yamashita, T., Ishida, T., & Gu, Y. (2004). Antioxidant and immuno-enhancing effects of Echinacea purpurea. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 27(7), 1004-1009. Doi: 10.1248/bpb.27.1004
  • Mulero, V., & Meseguer, J. (1998). Functional characterisation of a macrophage-activating factor produced by leucocytes of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 8(2), 143-156. Doi: 10.1006/fsim.1997.0127
  • Emre, N., Güroy, D., Yalım, F.B., Emre, Y., Güroy, B., Mantoğlu, S., & Karadal, O. (2018). Growth Performance, Body Composition, Haematological and Serum Parameters to Fish Meal Replacement by Soybean Meal and Cottonseed Meal in Russian Sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii). Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research, 4(3), 169-176. Doi:10.17216/limnofish.460773
  • Nussey, G., Van Vuren, J.H.J., & Du Preez, H.H. (1995). Effect of copper on the haematology and osmoregulation of the Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Cichlidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology, 111(3), 369-380. Doi: 10.1016/0742-8413(95)00063-1
  • Ruchin, A.B. (2007). Effect of photoperiod on growth, physiologica and hematological indices of juvenile Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii. Biology Bulletin. 34, 583-589. Doi:10.1134/S1062359007060088
  • Sadati, M.A.Y., Pourkazemi, M., Shakurian, M., Hasani, M.H.S., Pourali, H.R., Pourasaadi, M., & Yousefi, A. (2011). Effects of daily temperature fluctuations on growth and hematology of juvenile Acipenser baerii. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 27(2), 591-594. Doi:10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01667.x
  • Stolen, S.J., Fletcher, T.C., Rowley, A.F., Zelikoff, J.T., Kaattari, S.L., Smith, S.A. (1994). Techniques in fish immunology. Fish immunology technical communications. 1st ed. Virginia-Maryland, USA.
  • Şahan, A., Duman, S., Çolak, S. Ö., Çinar, E., & Bilgin, R. (2017). Determination of some hematological and non-specific immune defences, oxidative stress and histopathological status in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed rosehip (Rosa canina) to Yersinia ruckeri. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 17(1), 91-100. Doi:10.4194/1303-2712-v17_1_11
  • Tafalla, C., Figueras, A., & Novoa, B. (2001). Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus alters turbot Scophthalmus maximus macrophage nitric oxide production. Diseases of aquatic organisms, 47(2), 101-107. Doi: 10.3354/dao047101
  • Tavakoli, M., Fazli, H., Moghim, M., Khoshghalb, M.R., Valinasab, T., & Abdolmaleki, S. (2019). Population ecological parameters and stock assessment of Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedti Brandt & Ratzeburg, 1833 in the Southern Caspian Sea. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 35(1), 378-386. Doi: 10.1111/jai.13730
  • Trenzado, C.E., Carrick, T.R., & Pottinger, T.G. (2003). Divergence of endocrine and metabolic responses to stress in two rainbow trout lines selected for differing cortisol responsiveness to stress. General and comparative endocrinology, 133(3), 332-340. Doi:10.1016/S0016-6480(03)00191-6
  • Van Vuren, J.H. (1986). The effects of toxicants on the haematology of Labeo umbratus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C, Comparative pharmacology and toxicology, 83(1), 155.
  • Voller, A., Bartlett, A., & Bidwell, D.E. (1978). Enzyme immunoassays with special reference to ELISA techniques. Journal of clinical pathology, 31(6), 507-520.
  • Yin, Z., Lam, T.J., & Sin, Y.M. (1997). Cytokine-mediated antimicrobial immune response of catfish, Clarias gariepinus, as a defence against Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 7(2), 93-104.
  • Zarejabad, A.M., Jalali, M.A., Sudagar, M., & Pouralimotlagh, S. (2010). Hematology of great sturgeon (Huso huso Linnaeus, 1758) juvenile exposed to brackish water environment. Fish physiology and biochemistry, 36(3), 655-659. Doi: 10.1007/s10695-009-9339-1
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Selçuk Duman 0000-0002-6771-3385

Project Number Project Number: FBA-2018-11062
Publication Date June 30, 2020
Submission Date April 3, 2020
Acceptance Date June 5, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Duman, S. (2020). Determination of Reference Values of Some Hematological and Immunological Parameters in Healthy Russian Sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii). Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 5(2), 212-217. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.714366


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