The potential effects of sulforaphane hydrolyzed from glucosinolates and relationship between Nrf-2 Keap-1 signal pathway

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 352 - 356, 28.09.2021

Deniz Karakcı

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.902598

Abstract

The glucosinolates (Gls) are economically important secondary plant metabolites which occur in all of Brassica vegetables. Glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products have many beneficial effects on humans and animals. Gls are hydrolyzed by myrosinase enzyme found in plant or produced in intestinal microflora, in this way it can appear their biological activities. One of breakdown products of Gls called isothiocyanates and they have an essential role in prevention some cancer types. The most studies on isothiocyanate, sulforaphane (SFN) was isolated from extracts of broccoli as a potent inducer of mammalian cytoprotective enzymes. It is reported that sulforaphane reduced the size of tumors in a rat mammary tumor model by acting as an indirect antioxidant. Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor 2) is a transcription factor encoded by a specific gene that regulates the expression of antioxidant and detoxifying genes. Nrf2 controls the expression of many Phase I and Phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes. Also, Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH associating protein 1) is rich from amino acid cysteine and acts as a sensor that can work according to the existance of oxidative stress. Many of the genes encoding cytoprotective proteins share common transcriptional regulation through the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway. According to increasing stress, Keap1 activates Nrf2 and induce the Antioxidant Response Element (ARE). Especially sulforaphane that is hydrolyzed from glucosinolates protects the body against oxidative damage and several cancer types by using this pathway.

Keywords

glucosinolates, sulforaphane, oxidative stress, cancer, beneficial effect

Glukosinolatlardan hidrolize edilen sulforafanın potansiyel etkileri ve Nrf2-Keap-1 sinyal yolağı ile ilişkisi

Abstract

Glukosinolatlar (Gls), Brassica sebzelerinde bulunan ekonomik açıdan önemli olan ikincil bitki metabolitleridir. Glukosinolatlar ve bunların hidroliz ürünleri insanlar ve hayvanlar üzerinde birçok faydalı etkiye sahiptir. Gls, bitki içeriğinde ve bağırsak mikroflorasında bulunan myrosinaz enzimi ile hidrolize edilir ve bu şekilde biyolojik aktiviteleri ortaya çıkarabilmektedir. Glukosinolatların parçalanma ürünlerinden biri olan izotiyosiyanatlar bazı kanser türlerinin önlenmesinde önemli roller oynamaktadır. En çok incelenen izotiyosiyanat öncül maddesi sülforafan, memeli hücre koruyucu enzimlerinin güçlü bir uyarıcısı olarak brokoli özlerinden izole edilmektedir. Sülforafanın, bir sıçan memeli tümör modelinde, tümörlerin boyutunu indirekt bir antioksidan olarak çalışarak küçülttüğü bildirilmiştir. Nrf2 (NF-E2 ile ilişkili faktör 2), antioksidan ve detoksifiye eden genlerin ekspresyonunu düzenleyen, spesifik bir gen tarafından kodlanan bir transkripsiyon faktörüdür. Nrf2, birçok Faz I ve Faz II ilaç metabolize edici enzimlerin ekspresyonunu kontrol etmektedir. Aynı zamanda, Keap1 (Kelch-benzeri ECH birleştirici protein 1) sistein aminoasitlerce zengindir ve oksidatif stresin oluşmasına bağlı olarak çalışabilen bir sensör görevi yapmaktadır. Hücre koruyucu proteinleri kodlayan genlerin çoğu, Keap1-Nrf2-ARE sinyal yolu boyunca ortak transkripsiyonel düzenlemeyi sağlamaktadır. Artan strese göre, Keap1 Nrf2'yi aktive eder ve antioksidan tepki elementini (ARE) uyarmaktadır. Özellikle glukosinolatlardan hidrolize edilen sülforafan, bu yolu kullanarak oksidatif hasara ve çeşitli kanser türlerine karşı vücudu koruduğu düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

glukosinolatlar, sulforafan, oksidatif stres, kanser, yararlı etki

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