Investigation of Aloe Vera Barbadensis Miller Leaf Extract Effects On Glutamate and Glyphosate Induced Toxicity: In Vitro Study

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 376 - 381, 28.09.2021

Aysegul Yılmaz Ali Taghizadehghalehjoughi , Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu , Aybike Türkmen

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.953830

Cited By: 1

Öz

Aloe Vera, one of the recently developed medicinal plants, is of interest for its multiple effects and has also been shown to have antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer properties. Although it is known that the aloe vera family has protective effects on neurons, the neuroprotective effect of the aloe barbadensis miller plant has not yet been fully explained. Glufosinate is structurally similar to glutamate and is an herbicide that blocks glutamine synthetize. Glutamate has been shown to induce cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which causes toxicity. It is also known to induce oxidative stress in neurons. In our study, we exposed neuron culture to Aloe Vera Barbadensis Miller plant (25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 µgr/ml doses) for 24 hours against glufosinate (200 mM) and glutamate (10-5 mM) toxicity. After 24 hours, MTT, TAC, and TOS analyzes were performed and the results were revealed.
In our study, it was seen that the aqueous extract of aloe barbadensis miller plant, glufosinate, and glutamate, could preserve the vitality of neurons (89% protection in AVB 400 µgr/ml group). At the same time, it was seen that while increasing the antioxidant level in neurons, it decreased the oxidant level. The group that increases the antioxidant value best is AVB 400 µgr/ml (the group that increases it 1.4 times). According to the results we obtained, it was revealed that aloe vera and its components may have an effect on neuroprotection.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aloe Vera Barbadensis Miller, Neuron, Glutamate, Glufosinate

Aloe Vera Barbadensis Miller Yaprağı Ekstresinin Glutamat ve Glifosat Kaynaklı Toksisite Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Araştırılması: İn Vitro Çalışması

Öz

Son zamanlarda geliştirilen şifalı bitkilerden biri olan Aloe Vera, çoklu etkileri ile ilgi görmekte ve ayrıca antibakteriyel, antimikrobiyal, antioksidan, antikanser özelliklere sahip olduğu da bilinmektedir. Aloe vera ailesinin nöronlar üzerinde koruyucu etkileri olduğu bilinmesine rağmen aloe barbadensis miller bitkisinin nöroprotektif etkisi henüz tam olarak açıklanamamıştır. Glufosinat, yapısal olarak glutamata benzer ve glutamin sentetazı bloke eden bir herbisittir. Glutamatın toksisiteye neden olan siklooksijenaz-2'yi (COX-2) indüklediği gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca nöronlarda oksidatif strese neden olduğu bilinmektedir. Çalışmamızda nöron kültürünü glufosinat (200 mM) ve glutamat (10-5 mM) toksisitesine karşı koruması amacıyla Aloe Vera Barbadensis Miller bitkisine (25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 ve 1600 µgr/ml) 24 saat süreyle maruz bıraktık. 24 saat sonra MTT, TAC ve TOS analizleri yapıldı ve sonuçlar açıklandı.
Çalışmamızda aloe barbadensis miller bitkisinin sulu ekstresinin, glufosinat ve glutamat toksisitesine karşı nöron canlılığını koruyabildiği görüldü (AVB 400 µgr/ml grubunda 89% koruma). Aynı zamanda nöronlarda antioksidan seviyesini arttırırken oksidan seviyesini azalttığı görüldü. Antioksidan değerini en iyi artıran grup AVB 400 µgr/ml'dir (1.4 kat artıran grup). Elde ettiğimiz sonuçlara göre aloe vera ve bileşenlerinin nöroproteksiyon üzerinde etkisi olabileceği ortaya çıktı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aloe Vera Barbadensis Miller, Neuron, Glutamate, Glufosinate

Kaynakça

• Chinchilla, N., C. Carrera, A. G. Duran, M. Macias, A. Torres and F. A. Macias (2013). "Aloe barbadensis: how a miraculous plant becomes reality." Phytochemistry Reviews 12(4): 581-602.
• Comakli, S., C. Sevim, G. Kontadakis, E. Gogan, A. Taghizadehghalehjoughi, M. Ozkaraca, M. Aschner, T. K. Nikolouzakis and A. Tsatsakis (2019). "Acute glufosinate-based herbicide treatment in rats leads to increased ocular interleukin-1 beta and c-Fos protein levels, as well as intraocular pressure." Toxicology Reports 6: 155-160.
• Kaithwas, G., P. Singh and D. Bhatia (2014). "Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential of polysaccharides from Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) gel." Drug and Chemical Toxicology 37(2): 135-143.
• Kang, M.-C., S. Y. Kim, Y. T. Kim, E.-A. Kim, S.-H. Lee, S.-C. Ko, W. Wijesinghe, K. W. Samarakoon, Y.-S. Kim and J. H. Cho (2014). "In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of polysaccharide purified from aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) gel." Carbohydrate polymers 99: 365-371.
• Khanal, M., S. Lamichhane, A. Bhattarai, B. L. Kayastha and S. N. Labh (2021). "Extract of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) Enhances the Growth, Protein Contents, and Gastrosomatic Index (GaSI) of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2021.
• Kumagai, A., T. Sasaki, K. Matsuoka, M. Abe, T. Tabata, Y. Itoh, H. Fuchino, S. Wugangerile, M. Suga, T. Yamaguchi, H. Kawahara, Y. Nagaoka, K. Kawabata, M. K. Furue and H. Takemori (2019). "Monitoring of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity by mitochondrial oxygen consumption." Synapse 73(1).
• Leoci, R. and M. Ruberti (2020). "Glyphosate in Agriculture: Environmental Persistence and Effects on Animals. A Review." Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development 114(1): 99-123.
• Levine, S. L., E. G. Webb and D. A. Saltmiras (2020). "Review and analysis of the potential for glyphosate to interact with the estrogen, androgen and thyroid pathways." Pest Management Science 76(9): 2886-2906.
• Mahboubi, M. (2021). "Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis) Gel for the Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)." Natural Products Journal 11(1): 13-20.
• Martinez-Sanchez, A., M. E. Lopez-Canavate, J. Guirao-Martinez, M. J. Roca and E. Aguayo (2020). "Aloe vera Flowers, a Byproduct with Great Potential and Wide Application, Depending on Maturity Stage." Foods 9(11).
• Matozzo, V., J. Fabrello and M. G. Marin (2020). "The Effects of Glyphosate and Its Commercial Formulations to Marine Invertebrates: A Review." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8(6).
• Pandhair, V., J. Diviya, S. Joginder and S. S. Gosal (2011). "Biochemical studies of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) gel of the field grown and micropropagated plants at different developmental stages." Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology 20(2): 283-287.
• Parmar, V. R. and Y. T. Jasrai (2009). "Micropropagation of an Important Medicinal Plant Aloe barbadensis Mill (Aloe vera L) for Field Plantation." Research Journal of Biotechnology 4(1): 7-10.
• Peng, J. J., S. H. Linn, Y. T. Liu, H. C. Lin, T. N. Li and C. K. Yao (2019). "A circuit-dependent ROS feedback loop mediates glutamate excitotoxicity to sculpt the Drosophila motor system." Elife 8.
• Pereira, H. A., P. R. T. Hernandes, M. S. Netto, G. D. Reske, V. Vieceli, L. F. S. Oliveira and G. L. Dotto (2021). "Adsorbents for glyphosate removal in contaminated waters: a review." Environmental Chemistry Letters 19(2): 1525-1543.
• Sevim, C., S. Comakli, A. Taghizadehghalehjoughi, M. Ozkaraca, R. Mesnage, L. Kovatsi, T. I. Burykina, A. Kalogeraki, M. N. Antoniou and A. Tsatsakis (2019). "An imazamox-based herbicide causes apoptotic changes in rat liver and pancreas." Toxicology Reports 6: 42-50.
• Taghizadehghalehjoughi, A., A. Hacimuftuoglu and A. Yilmaz (2019). "Na+ channel blocker enhances metformin effects on neuroblastoma cell line."
• Tarasenko, A., O. Krupko and N. Himmelreich (2012). "Reactive oxygen species induced by presynaptic glutamate receptor activation is involved in [H-3]GABA release from rat brain cortical nerve terminals." Neurochemistry International 61(7): 1044-1051.
• Tehse, J. and C. Taghibiglou (2019). "The overlooked aspect of excitotoxicity: Glutamate-independent excitotoxicity in traumatic brain injuries." European Journal of Neuroscience 49(9): 1157-1170.
• Varmazyari, A., A. Taghizadehghalehjoughi, C. Sevim, O. Baris, G. Eser, S. Yildirim, A. Hacimuftuoglu, A. Buha, D. R. Wallace, A. Tsatsakis, M. Aschner and Y. Mezhuev (2020). "Cadmium sulfide-induced toxicity in the cortex and cerebellum: In vitro and in vivo studies." Toxicology Reports 7: 637-648.
• Zhao, H., P. Sun, T. P. Fan, X. H. Yang, T. Z. Zheng and C. K. Sun (2019). "The effect of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity on DNA methylation in astrocytes in a new in vitro neuron-astrocyte-endothelium co-culture system." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 508(4): 1209-1214.