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Simmental İneklerinde İklimsel Faktörler ile Soğuk Stresinin Davranış Özelliklerine Etkisi

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 679 - 683, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1020715

Abstract

Bu araştırma, açık barınakta yetiştirilen Simmental ineklerinde iklimsel faktörlerin ve soğuk stresinin bazı davranış özelliklerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada, 24 baş Simmental ineğin kış mevsimi süresince dinlenme, yem yeme, yürüme ve hareketsiz ayakta bekleme gibi davranış özelliklerinin süreleri belirlenmiş ve günlük ortalama çevre sıcaklığı, rüzgar hızı, nem oranı ve yağış miktarı tespit edilerek soğuk stres indeksi hesaplanmıştır. Araştırmada günlük ortalama rüzgar hızı ve çevre sıcaklığının kış mevsiminde farklı aylarda ölçülen değerleri arasındaki farkın önemli (P<0,01) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kış mevsimi süresince takip edilen davranış özelliklerinden dinlenme davranışı süresinin aylar arasındaki farkının önemli olduğu (P<0,05) belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada, iklimsel faktörlerden rüzgar hızı ile dinlenme süresi, çevre sıcaklığı ile yem yeme süresi arasında negatif fenotipik korelasyon (P<0,05) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, bağıl nem oranı ile dinlenme süresi, yağış miktarı ve soğuk stres indeksi ile yürüme süresi arasında önemli pozitif fenotipik korelasyon tespit edilmiştir (P<0,05). Sonuç olarak, dinlenme davranışının rüzgar hızının düşük olduğu sıcak dönemlerde daha fazla sürdüğü, düşük çevre sıcaklığının hayvanların yem yeme süresinde, yağış ve soğuk stresinin ise yürüme süresinde artış meydana getirdiği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, süt sığırı yetiştiriciliğinde iklimsel faktörlerin ve soğuk stresinin hayvanlar üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini giderebilmek için hayvan davranışlarının takip edilerek sürü yönetiminde düzenlemelerin yapılmasının yararlı olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.

Supporting Institution

OMU Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Komisyonu

Project Number

PYO.VET.1904.20.001

Thanks

Bu araştırma OMU Bilimsel Araştırmalar Komisyonu tarafından desteklenmiştir (PYO.VET.1904.20.001). Araştırmada iklimsel faktörlerin temininde yardımcı olan Merzifon Meteoroloji İstasyon Müdürlüğüne teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • Angrecka, S. & Herbut, P. (2015). Conditions for cold stress development in dairy cattle kept in free stall barn during severe frosts. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 60(2), 81-87.
  • Borshch, A.A., Ruban, S., Borshch, A.V. & Babenko, O. (2019). Effect of three bedding materials on the microclimate conditions, cows behavior and milk yield. Polish Journal of Natural Sciences, 34(1), 19-31.
  • Borshch, O., Ruban, S., Gutiy, B., Sobolev, A., Kosior, L., Fedorchenko, M., Kirii, A., Pivtorak, Y., Salamakha, I., Hordiichuk, N., Hordiichuk, L., Kamratska, O. & Denkovіch, B. (2020). Comfort and cow behavior during periods of intense precipitation. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 10(6), 98-102. Doi: 10.15421/2020_265.
  • Bryant, J.R., López‐Villalobos, N., Pryce, J.E., Holmes, C.W. & Johnson D. L. (2007). Quantifying the effect of thermal environment on production traits in three breeds of dairy cattle in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 50(3), 327-338.
  • Davis, M.S., Mader, T.L., Holt, S.M. & Parkhurst, A.M. (2003). Strategies to reduce feedlot cattle heat stress: Effects on tympanic temperature. Journal of Animal Science, 81(3), 649-661.
  • Donnelly, J.R. (1984). The productivity of breeding Ewes grazing on Lucuerne or grass and clover pasture on the table lands of Southern Australia III* lamb mortality and weaning percent age. Australian Journal Agricultural Research, 35(5), 709-721.
  • Endris, M. & Feki, E. (2021). Review on Effect of Stress on Animal Productivity and Response of Animal to Stressors. Journal of Animal & Veterinary Advances, 20(1), 1-14.
  • Girma, F. & Gebremariam, B. (2019). Review on Effect of Stress on Production and Reproduction of Dairy Cattle. Journal of Scientific & Innovative Research, 8(1), 29-32.
  • Graunke, K.L., Schuster, T. & Lidfors, L.M. (2011). Influence of weather on the behaviour of outdoor-wintered beef cattle in Scandinavia. Livestock Science, 136(2-3), 247-255.
  • Hanninen, L., Hepola, H., Rushen, J., De Passille, A.M., Pursiainen, P., Tuure, V. M., Syrjälä-qvist, L., Pyykkönen, M. & Saloniemi, H. (2003). Resting behaviour, growth and diarrhoea incidence rate of young dairy calves housed individually or in groups in warm or cold buildings. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A—Animal Science, 53(1), 21-28.
  • Kaygusuz E. (2020). Açık barınaklarda yetiştirilen Simmental ineklerinde soğuk stresinin süt verimi, süt bileşimi ve bazı davranış özelliklerine etkisi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü. Samsun, Türkiye, 39s.
  • Kaygusuz, E. & Akdağ, F. (2021). Effect of Cold Stress on Milk Yield, Milk Composition and Some Behavioral Patterns of Simmental Cows Kept in Open Shed Barns. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 14(3), 351-358.
  • Koç H.U. & Uğurlu, M. (2019). Süt sığırlarında ısı stresinin verim özellikleri üzerine etkisi. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 59(1), 30-35.
  • Könyves, T., Zlatkovic, N., Memisi, N., Lukac, D., Puvaca, N., Stojsin, M., Halász, A. & Miscevic, B. (2017). Relationship of temperature-humidity index with milk production and feed intake of holstein-frisian cows in different year seasons. The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 47(1), 15-23.
  • Mader, T.L., Johnson, L. J. & Gaughan, J.B. (2010). Components of the Comprehensive climate index. Journal of Animal Science, 88, 2153-2165.
  • NRC. (1981). Effect of enviroment on nutrient requirements of domestic Animals. National Acad. Pres. Washington. D.C.
  • Sasaki, Y., Uematsu, M., Kitahara, G. & Osawa, T. (2016). Reproductive performance of Japanese Black Cattle: Association with herd size, season, and parity in commercial cow-calf operations. Theriogenology, 86(9), 2156-2161.
  • Schütz, K.E., Clark, K.V., Cox, N.R., Matthews, L.R. & Tucker, C.B. (2010). Responses to short-term exposure to simulated rain and wind by dairy cattle: time budgets, shelter use, body temperature and feed intake. Animal Welfare, 19(4), 375-383.
  • Tullo E., Mattachini G., Riva E., Finzi A., Provolo G. & Guarino M. (2019). Efects of Climatic Conditions on the Lying Behavior of a Group of Primiparous Dairy Cows. Animals, 9(11), 869.

The Effect of Climatic Factors and Cold Stress on Behavioral Traits in Simmental Cows

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 679 - 683, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1020715

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine effect of climatic factors and cold stress on behavioural patterns of Simental cattle kept in free stall barns. In this research, it is calculated that the duration of some beheviour traits of twenty four simmental cows during winter season like having lying down, eating feed, motion behaviour and standing and it is calculated that cold stress indexes of climatic factors like daily avarage ambient temperature, wind speed, humidity and rainfall. In this research, it is determined as significiant that the difference of daily avarage wind speed and environmental temperature (P<0.01). There were also significant differences in terms of duration of behavioural lying down different months in winter season (P<0.05). There is a significiant phenotypic correlation between the rate of wind speed and relative humidity lying down, in climatic factors and the duration of eating feed, rainfall end the duration of motion behaviour on cold stress indexes (P<0.05). As a result, it was observed that the lying down lasted longer in warm periods when the wind speed was low, and it was determined that low environmental temperature caused an increase in the eating feed time of the animals, and rainfall and cold stress caused an increase in the walking time. In addition, in the study, it was concluded that it would be beneficial to make regulations in herd management by monitoring animal behavior in order to eliminate the negative effects of climatic factors and cold stress on animals in dairy cattle breeding.

Project Number

PYO.VET.1904.20.001

References

  • Angrecka, S. & Herbut, P. (2015). Conditions for cold stress development in dairy cattle kept in free stall barn during severe frosts. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 60(2), 81-87.
  • Borshch, A.A., Ruban, S., Borshch, A.V. & Babenko, O. (2019). Effect of three bedding materials on the microclimate conditions, cows behavior and milk yield. Polish Journal of Natural Sciences, 34(1), 19-31.
  • Borshch, O., Ruban, S., Gutiy, B., Sobolev, A., Kosior, L., Fedorchenko, M., Kirii, A., Pivtorak, Y., Salamakha, I., Hordiichuk, N., Hordiichuk, L., Kamratska, O. & Denkovіch, B. (2020). Comfort and cow behavior during periods of intense precipitation. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 10(6), 98-102. Doi: 10.15421/2020_265.
  • Bryant, J.R., López‐Villalobos, N., Pryce, J.E., Holmes, C.W. & Johnson D. L. (2007). Quantifying the effect of thermal environment on production traits in three breeds of dairy cattle in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 50(3), 327-338.
  • Davis, M.S., Mader, T.L., Holt, S.M. & Parkhurst, A.M. (2003). Strategies to reduce feedlot cattle heat stress: Effects on tympanic temperature. Journal of Animal Science, 81(3), 649-661.
  • Donnelly, J.R. (1984). The productivity of breeding Ewes grazing on Lucuerne or grass and clover pasture on the table lands of Southern Australia III* lamb mortality and weaning percent age. Australian Journal Agricultural Research, 35(5), 709-721.
  • Endris, M. & Feki, E. (2021). Review on Effect of Stress on Animal Productivity and Response of Animal to Stressors. Journal of Animal & Veterinary Advances, 20(1), 1-14.
  • Girma, F. & Gebremariam, B. (2019). Review on Effect of Stress on Production and Reproduction of Dairy Cattle. Journal of Scientific & Innovative Research, 8(1), 29-32.
  • Graunke, K.L., Schuster, T. & Lidfors, L.M. (2011). Influence of weather on the behaviour of outdoor-wintered beef cattle in Scandinavia. Livestock Science, 136(2-3), 247-255.
  • Hanninen, L., Hepola, H., Rushen, J., De Passille, A.M., Pursiainen, P., Tuure, V. M., Syrjälä-qvist, L., Pyykkönen, M. & Saloniemi, H. (2003). Resting behaviour, growth and diarrhoea incidence rate of young dairy calves housed individually or in groups in warm or cold buildings. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A—Animal Science, 53(1), 21-28.
  • Kaygusuz E. (2020). Açık barınaklarda yetiştirilen Simmental ineklerinde soğuk stresinin süt verimi, süt bileşimi ve bazı davranış özelliklerine etkisi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü. Samsun, Türkiye, 39s.
  • Kaygusuz, E. & Akdağ, F. (2021). Effect of Cold Stress on Milk Yield, Milk Composition and Some Behavioral Patterns of Simmental Cows Kept in Open Shed Barns. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 14(3), 351-358.
  • Koç H.U. & Uğurlu, M. (2019). Süt sığırlarında ısı stresinin verim özellikleri üzerine etkisi. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 59(1), 30-35.
  • Könyves, T., Zlatkovic, N., Memisi, N., Lukac, D., Puvaca, N., Stojsin, M., Halász, A. & Miscevic, B. (2017). Relationship of temperature-humidity index with milk production and feed intake of holstein-frisian cows in different year seasons. The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 47(1), 15-23.
  • Mader, T.L., Johnson, L. J. & Gaughan, J.B. (2010). Components of the Comprehensive climate index. Journal of Animal Science, 88, 2153-2165.
  • NRC. (1981). Effect of enviroment on nutrient requirements of domestic Animals. National Acad. Pres. Washington. D.C.
  • Sasaki, Y., Uematsu, M., Kitahara, G. & Osawa, T. (2016). Reproductive performance of Japanese Black Cattle: Association with herd size, season, and parity in commercial cow-calf operations. Theriogenology, 86(9), 2156-2161.
  • Schütz, K.E., Clark, K.V., Cox, N.R., Matthews, L.R. & Tucker, C.B. (2010). Responses to short-term exposure to simulated rain and wind by dairy cattle: time budgets, shelter use, body temperature and feed intake. Animal Welfare, 19(4), 375-383.
  • Tullo E., Mattachini G., Riva E., Finzi A., Provolo G. & Guarino M. (2019). Efects of Climatic Conditions on the Lying Behavior of a Group of Primiparous Dairy Cows. Animals, 9(11), 869.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Akif Uysal 0000-0002-7427-5416

Emrah Kaygusuz 0000-0001-6984-8526

Filiz Akdağ 0000-0001-9142-9731

Project Number PYO.VET.1904.20.001
Early Pub Date December 30, 2021
Publication Date December 31, 2021
Submission Date November 8, 2021
Acceptance Date December 21, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 6 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Uysal, A., Kaygusuz, E., & Akdağ, F. (2021). Simmental İneklerinde İklimsel Faktörler ile Soğuk Stresinin Davranış Özelliklerine Etkisi. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 6(4), 679-683. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1020715


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