The marine ecosystem is prone to pollution exposure due to a number of factors. Microplastic (MP) pollution has been a severe issue recently; however, studies on marine organisms are limited. The abundance and composition of MPs in highly consumed horse mackerel caught from the Turkish coast of the Black Sea were investigated here. A total of 27 MPs were detected in 121 horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus). The mean of MPs per fish was calculated as 0.22±0.14. While polyethylene was the most prevalent type, fiber, with a length range of 500 to 1000 µm (33%), was the most common form. These findings suggest that more study is required to determine the magnitude of MP contamination in the Black Sea.
Alkan, N., Aktaş, M. & Gedik, K. (2012). Comparison of metal accumulation in fish species from the
Southeastern Black Sea. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 88(6), 807-812. DOI: 10.1007/s00128-012-0631-x
Apaydın, A., Kabaoğlu, H., Apaydın, G., Şirin, M., Cengiz, E., Köksal, O.K., Baltaş, H. & Tıraşoğlu, E. (2022). Evaluation of ecological risk, source, and spatial distribution of some heavy metals in marine sediments in the Middle
and Eastern Black Sea region, Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,
29(5), 7053-7066. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021- 16017-4
Atamanalp, M., Kokturk, M., Parlak, V., Ucar, A., Arslan, G. & Alak, G. (2022). A new record for the presence of microplastics in dominant fish species of the Karasu River Erzurum, Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(5), 7866-7876. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021- 16243-w
Atıcı, A.A., Serpil, A., Sen, F. & Karagöz, M.K. (2022). First evaluation of microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Van Bay from Van Lake, Turkey. Chemistry and Ecology, 38(1), 1-16. DOI: 10.1080/02757540.2021.2022126
Avio, C.G., Gorbi, S. & Regoli, F. (2015). Experimental development of a new protocol for extraction and characterization of microplastics in fish tissues: First observations in commercial species from Adriatic Sea. Marine Environmental Research, 111, 18-26. DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.06.014
Barboza, L.G.A., Lopes, C., Oliveira, P., Bessa, F., Otero, V., Henriques, B., Raimundo, J., Caetano, M., Vale, C. & Guilhermino, L. (2020). Microplastics in wild fish from North East Atlantic Ocean and its potential for causing
neurotoxic effects, lipid oxidative damage, and human health risks associated with ingestion
exposure. Science of The Total Environment, 717, 134625. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134625
Bat, L., Şahin, F., Satılmış, H.H., Üstün, F., Birinci Özdemir, Z., Kıdeys, A.E. & Shulman, G.E. (2007). The changed ecosystem of the black sea and its impact on anchovy fisheries. Journal of FisheriesSciences.com, 1(4), 191-226. DOI: 10.3153/jfscom.2007024
Bat, L., Şahin, F., Öztekin, A. & Arici, E. (2022). Toxic Metals in Seven Commercial Fish from the Southern Black Sea: Toxic Risk Assessment of Eleven-Year Data Between 2009 and 2019. Biological Trace Element Research, 200(2), 832- 843. DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02684-4
Bessa, F., Barría, P., Neto, J.M., Frias, J.P.G.L., Otero, V., Sobral, P. & Marques, J.C., (2018). Occurrence of microplastics in commercial fish from a natural estuarine environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 128, 575-584. DOI:
10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.01.044
Bhuyan, M.S. (2022). Effects of Microplastics on Fish and in Human Health. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10. DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.827289
Boerger, C.M., Lattin, G.L., Moore, S.L. & Moore, C.J. (2010). Plastic ingestion by planktivorous fishes in the North Pacific Central Gyre. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 60(12), 2275-2278. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.08.007
Cincinelli, A., Scopetani, C., Chelazzi, D., Martellini, T., Pogojeva, M. & Slobodnik, J. (2021). Microplastics in the Black Sea sediments. Science of The Total Environment, 15, 760:143898. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143898
Cole, M., Lindeque, P., Halsband, C. & Galloway, T.S. (2011). Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: A review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62(12), 2588-2597. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.09.025
Compa, M., Ventero, A., Iglesias, M. & Deudero, S. (2018). Ingestion of microplastics and natural fibres in Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) and Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) along the Spanish Mediterranean coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 128, 89-96. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.01.009
Digka, N., Tsangaris, C., Torre, M., Anastasopoulou, A. & Zeri, C. (2018). Microplastics in mussels and fish from the Northern Ionian Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 135, 30-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.06.063
Ding, J., Zhang, S., Razanajatovo, R.M., Zou, H. & Zhu, W. (2018). Accumulation, tissue distribution, and biochemical effects of polystyrene microplastics in the freshwater fish red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Environmental Pollution, 238, 1-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.001
Eryaşar, A.R., Gedik, K. & Mutlu, T. (2022). Ingestion of microplastics by commercial fish species from the southern Black Sea coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 177, 113535. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113535
Foley, C.J., Feiner, Z.S., Malinich, T.D. & Höök, T.O. (2018). A meta-analysis of the effects of exposure to microplastics on fish and aquatic invertebrates. Science of The Total Environment, 631-632, 550- 559 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.046
Galarpe, V.R.K.R., Jaraula, C.M.B. & Paler, M.K.O. (2021). The nexus of macroplastic and microplastic research and plastic regulation policies in the Philippines marine coastal environments. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 167, 112343. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112343
Gedik, K. & Eryaşar, A.R. (2020). Microplastic pollution profile of Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) collected along the Turkish coasts. Chemosphere, 260, 127570. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127570
Gedik, K. & Gozler, A. M. (2022). Hallmarking microplastics of sediments and Chamelea gallina
inhabiting Southwestern Black Sea: A hypothetical look at consumption risks. MarinePollution Bulletin, 174, 113252. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113252
Gedik, K. & Ozturk, R.C. (2018). Health risk perspectives of metal(loid) exposure via consumption of striped venus clam (Chamelea gallina Linnaeus, 1758). Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 25(5), 1176-1188. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2018.1460802
Gedik, K., Eryaşar, A.R. & Gözler, A.M. (2022). The microplastic pattern of wild-caught Mediterranean mussels from the Marmara Sea. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 175, 113331. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113331.
Hidalgo-Ruz, V., Gutow, L., Thompson, R.C. & Thiel, M. (2012). Microplastics in the marine environment: a review of the methods used for identification and quantification. Environmental Science & Technology. 20, 46(6):3060-75. DOI: 10.1021/es2031505
Jabeen, K., Su, L., Li, J., Yang, D., Tong, C., Mu, J. & Shi, H. (2017). Microplastics and mesoplastics in fish from coastal and fresh waters of China. Environmental Pollution, 221, 141-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.055
Karsli, B. (2021). Determination of metal content in anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) from Turkey, Georgia and Abkhazia coasts of the Black Sea: Evaluation of potential risks associated with human consumption. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 165, 112108. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112108
Kılıç, E. (2022). Microplastic ingestion evidence by economically important farmed fish species from Turkey. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 183, 114097. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114097
Kılıç, E., Yücel, N. & Mübarek Şahutoğlu, S. (2022). First record of microplastic occurence at the commercial fish from Orontes River. Environmental Pollution, 307, 119576. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119576
Lopes, C., Raimundo, J., Caetano, M. & Garrido, S. (2020). Microplastic ingestion and diet composition of planktivorous fish. Limnology and Oceanography Letters, 5(1), 103-112. DOI: 10.1002/lol2.10144
Lusher, A.L., McHugh, M. & Thompson, R.C. (2013). Occurrence of microplastics in the gastrointestinal
tract of pelagic and demersal fish from the English Channel. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 67(1–2), 94-
99. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.11.028
Mallik, A., Xavier, K.A.M., Naidu, B.C. & Nayak, B.B. (2021). Ecotoxicological and physiological risks of microplastics on fish and their possible mitigation measures. Science of The Total Environment, 779, 146433. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146433
Masud, N., Davies-Jones, A., Griffin, B. & Cable, J. (2022). Differential effects of two prevalent environmental pollutants on host-pathogen dynamics. Chemosphere, 295, 133879. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133879
Md Amin, R., Sohaimi, E.S., Anuar, S.T. & Bachok, Z. (2020). Microplastic ingestion by zooplankton in Terengganu coastal waters, southern South China Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 150, p. 110616. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110616
Mutlu, T. (2021a). Heavy metal concentrations in the edible tissues of some commercial fishes caught
along the Eastern Black Sea coast of Turkey and the health risk assessment. Spectroscopy Letters, 54(6), 437-445. DOI: 10.1080/00387010.2021.1939386
Mutlu, T. (2021b). Seasonal variation of trace elements and stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) values of
commercial marine fish from the black sea and human health risk assessment. Spectroscopy Letters, 54(9), 665-674. DOI: 10.1080/00387010.2021.1984254
Neves, D., Sobral, P., Ferreira, J.L. & Pereira, T. (2015). Ingestion of microplastics by commercial fish off the Portuguese coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 101(1), 119-126. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.11.008.
Onay, H., Minaz, M., Ak, K., Er, A., Emanet, M., Karslı, B. & Bilgin S. (2022). Decade of microplastic alteration in the southeastern black sea: An example of seahorse gastrointestinal tracts. Environ Res. 5, 218:115001. DOI:
10.1016/j.envres.2022.115001
Özşeker, K., Erüz, C. & Terzi, Y. (2022a). Spatial distribution and ecological risk evaluation of toxic metals in the southern Black Sea coastal sediments. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 182, 114020.
Özşeker, K., Erüz, C. & Terzi, Y. (2022b). Evaluation of toxic metals in different grain size fractions of sediments of the southeastern Black Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 182, 113959.
Pehlivan, N. & Gedik, K. (2021). Particle size-dependent biomolecular footprints of interactive microplastics in maize. Environmental Pollution, 277, 116772. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116772
Pehlivan, N. & Gedik, K. (2022). Coping with the unnatural: Tracking transcriptional activation and macromolecular profiles in Arabidopsis under microplastic exposure. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 199, 104870. DOI:
10.1016/j.envexpbot.2022.104870
Peters, C.A., Thomas, P.A., Rieper, K.B. & Bratton, S.P. (2017). Foraging preferences influence microplastic ingestion by six marine fish species from the Texas Gulf Coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 124, 82-88. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.080
Polat, N. & Akkan, T. (2016). Assessment of heavy metal and detergent pollution in Giresun Coastal Zone, Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 25(8), 2884-2890.
Pojar, I., Kochleus, C., Dierkes, G., Ehlers, S.M., Reifferscheid, G. & Stock, F. (2021). Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of plasticparticles in surface waters of the Western Black Sea. Environmental Pollution, 268, (Pt
A),115724. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115724
Rebelein, A., Int-Veen, I., Kammann, U. & Scharsack, J.P. (2021). Microplastic fibers- Underestimated threat to aquatic organisms? Science of the Total Environment, 777, p. 146045. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146045
Sun, X., Li, Q., Shi, Y., Zhao, Y., Zheng, S., Liang, J., Liu, T. & Tian, Z. (2019). Characteristics and retention of microplastics in the digestive tracts of fish from the Yellow Sea. Environmental Pollution, 249, 878-885. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.110
Strokal, V., Kuiper, E.J., Bak, M.P., Vriend, P., Wang, M., van Wijnen, J. & Strokal, M. (2022). Future microplastics in the Black Sea: River exports and reduction options for zero pollution. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 178, 1-14 113633. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113633
Terzi, Y., Gedik, K., Eryaşar, A.R., Öztürk, R.Ç., Şahin, A. & Yılmaz, F. (2022). Microplastic contamination and characteristics spatially vary in the southern Black Sea beach sediment and sea surface water. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 174, 113228. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113228
Thiele, C.J., Hudson, M.D., Russell, A.E., Saluveer, M. & Sidaoui-Haddad, G. (2021). Microplastics in fish and fishmeal: an emerging environmental challenge? Scientific Reports, 11(1), 2045. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81499-8
Vriend, P., van Calcar, C., Kooi, M., Landman, H., Pikaar, R. & van Emmerik, T. (2020). Rapid Assessment of Floating Macroplastic Transport in the Rhine. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, 1-10. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2020.00010
Yankova, M. H., Raykov, V.S. & Frateva, P.B. (2008). Diet Composition of Horse Mackerel, Trachurus mediterraneus ponticus Aleev, 1956 (Osteichthyes: Carangidae) in the Bulgarian Black Sea Waters. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 8(2), 321-327.
Denizel ortamlar, özellikle nehirlerin taşımış olduğu kirleticilere maruz kalan hassas alanlardır. Son yıllarda mikroplastik kirliliği güncel bir konu olmasına rağmen denizel organizmalar üzerine yapılan çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmada Karadeniz’in Türkiye kıyılarından avlanan ve yüksek oranda tüketilen istavritteki mikroplastiklerin bolluğu ve kompozisyonu araştırıldı. Analiz edilen 121 adet istavritte toplam 27 adet mikroplastik tespit edildi. Sindirilen mikroplastiklerin balık başına ortalaması 0,22±0,14 adet olarak hesaplandı. Belirlenen mikroplastiklerde en baskın şekil olarak fiber (%66) iken, boy olarak ise 500-1000 µm (%33) arasında dağılım gösterdiği saptandı. Bu sonuçlar, Karadeniz’deki MP kontaminasyonunun boyutunu değerlendirmek için daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermektedir.
Alkan, N., Aktaş, M. & Gedik, K. (2012). Comparison of metal accumulation in fish species from the
Southeastern Black Sea. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 88(6), 807-812. DOI: 10.1007/s00128-012-0631-x
Apaydın, A., Kabaoğlu, H., Apaydın, G., Şirin, M., Cengiz, E., Köksal, O.K., Baltaş, H. & Tıraşoğlu, E. (2022). Evaluation of ecological risk, source, and spatial distribution of some heavy metals in marine sediments in the Middle
and Eastern Black Sea region, Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,
29(5), 7053-7066. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021- 16017-4
Atamanalp, M., Kokturk, M., Parlak, V., Ucar, A., Arslan, G. & Alak, G. (2022). A new record for the presence of microplastics in dominant fish species of the Karasu River Erzurum, Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(5), 7866-7876. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021- 16243-w
Atıcı, A.A., Serpil, A., Sen, F. & Karagöz, M.K. (2022). First evaluation of microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Van Bay from Van Lake, Turkey. Chemistry and Ecology, 38(1), 1-16. DOI: 10.1080/02757540.2021.2022126
Avio, C.G., Gorbi, S. & Regoli, F. (2015). Experimental development of a new protocol for extraction and characterization of microplastics in fish tissues: First observations in commercial species from Adriatic Sea. Marine Environmental Research, 111, 18-26. DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.06.014
Barboza, L.G.A., Lopes, C., Oliveira, P., Bessa, F., Otero, V., Henriques, B., Raimundo, J., Caetano, M., Vale, C. & Guilhermino, L. (2020). Microplastics in wild fish from North East Atlantic Ocean and its potential for causing
neurotoxic effects, lipid oxidative damage, and human health risks associated with ingestion
exposure. Science of The Total Environment, 717, 134625. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134625
Bat, L., Şahin, F., Satılmış, H.H., Üstün, F., Birinci Özdemir, Z., Kıdeys, A.E. & Shulman, G.E. (2007). The changed ecosystem of the black sea and its impact on anchovy fisheries. Journal of FisheriesSciences.com, 1(4), 191-226. DOI: 10.3153/jfscom.2007024
Bat, L., Şahin, F., Öztekin, A. & Arici, E. (2022). Toxic Metals in Seven Commercial Fish from the Southern Black Sea: Toxic Risk Assessment of Eleven-Year Data Between 2009 and 2019. Biological Trace Element Research, 200(2), 832- 843. DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02684-4
Bessa, F., Barría, P., Neto, J.M., Frias, J.P.G.L., Otero, V., Sobral, P. & Marques, J.C., (2018). Occurrence of microplastics in commercial fish from a natural estuarine environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 128, 575-584. DOI:
10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.01.044
Bhuyan, M.S. (2022). Effects of Microplastics on Fish and in Human Health. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10. DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.827289
Boerger, C.M., Lattin, G.L., Moore, S.L. & Moore, C.J. (2010). Plastic ingestion by planktivorous fishes in the North Pacific Central Gyre. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 60(12), 2275-2278. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.08.007
Cincinelli, A., Scopetani, C., Chelazzi, D., Martellini, T., Pogojeva, M. & Slobodnik, J. (2021). Microplastics in the Black Sea sediments. Science of The Total Environment, 15, 760:143898. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143898
Cole, M., Lindeque, P., Halsband, C. & Galloway, T.S. (2011). Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: A review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62(12), 2588-2597. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.09.025
Compa, M., Ventero, A., Iglesias, M. & Deudero, S. (2018). Ingestion of microplastics and natural fibres in Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) and Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) along the Spanish Mediterranean coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 128, 89-96. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.01.009
Digka, N., Tsangaris, C., Torre, M., Anastasopoulou, A. & Zeri, C. (2018). Microplastics in mussels and fish from the Northern Ionian Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 135, 30-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.06.063
Ding, J., Zhang, S., Razanajatovo, R.M., Zou, H. & Zhu, W. (2018). Accumulation, tissue distribution, and biochemical effects of polystyrene microplastics in the freshwater fish red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Environmental Pollution, 238, 1-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.001
Eryaşar, A.R., Gedik, K. & Mutlu, T. (2022). Ingestion of microplastics by commercial fish species from the southern Black Sea coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 177, 113535. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113535
Foley, C.J., Feiner, Z.S., Malinich, T.D. & Höök, T.O. (2018). A meta-analysis of the effects of exposure to microplastics on fish and aquatic invertebrates. Science of The Total Environment, 631-632, 550- 559 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.046
Galarpe, V.R.K.R., Jaraula, C.M.B. & Paler, M.K.O. (2021). The nexus of macroplastic and microplastic research and plastic regulation policies in the Philippines marine coastal environments. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 167, 112343. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112343
Gedik, K. & Eryaşar, A.R. (2020). Microplastic pollution profile of Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) collected along the Turkish coasts. Chemosphere, 260, 127570. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127570
Gedik, K. & Gozler, A. M. (2022). Hallmarking microplastics of sediments and Chamelea gallina
inhabiting Southwestern Black Sea: A hypothetical look at consumption risks. MarinePollution Bulletin, 174, 113252. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113252
Gedik, K. & Ozturk, R.C. (2018). Health risk perspectives of metal(loid) exposure via consumption of striped venus clam (Chamelea gallina Linnaeus, 1758). Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 25(5), 1176-1188. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2018.1460802
Gedik, K., Eryaşar, A.R. & Gözler, A.M. (2022). The microplastic pattern of wild-caught Mediterranean mussels from the Marmara Sea. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 175, 113331. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113331.
Hidalgo-Ruz, V., Gutow, L., Thompson, R.C. & Thiel, M. (2012). Microplastics in the marine environment: a review of the methods used for identification and quantification. Environmental Science & Technology. 20, 46(6):3060-75. DOI: 10.1021/es2031505
Jabeen, K., Su, L., Li, J., Yang, D., Tong, C., Mu, J. & Shi, H. (2017). Microplastics and mesoplastics in fish from coastal and fresh waters of China. Environmental Pollution, 221, 141-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.055
Karsli, B. (2021). Determination of metal content in anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) from Turkey, Georgia and Abkhazia coasts of the Black Sea: Evaluation of potential risks associated with human consumption. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 165, 112108. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112108
Kılıç, E. (2022). Microplastic ingestion evidence by economically important farmed fish species from Turkey. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 183, 114097. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114097
Kılıç, E., Yücel, N. & Mübarek Şahutoğlu, S. (2022). First record of microplastic occurence at the commercial fish from Orontes River. Environmental Pollution, 307, 119576. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119576
Lopes, C., Raimundo, J., Caetano, M. & Garrido, S. (2020). Microplastic ingestion and diet composition of planktivorous fish. Limnology and Oceanography Letters, 5(1), 103-112. DOI: 10.1002/lol2.10144
Lusher, A.L., McHugh, M. & Thompson, R.C. (2013). Occurrence of microplastics in the gastrointestinal
tract of pelagic and demersal fish from the English Channel. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 67(1–2), 94-
99. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.11.028
Mallik, A., Xavier, K.A.M., Naidu, B.C. & Nayak, B.B. (2021). Ecotoxicological and physiological risks of microplastics on fish and their possible mitigation measures. Science of The Total Environment, 779, 146433. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146433
Masud, N., Davies-Jones, A., Griffin, B. & Cable, J. (2022). Differential effects of two prevalent environmental pollutants on host-pathogen dynamics. Chemosphere, 295, 133879. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133879
Md Amin, R., Sohaimi, E.S., Anuar, S.T. & Bachok, Z. (2020). Microplastic ingestion by zooplankton in Terengganu coastal waters, southern South China Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 150, p. 110616. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110616
Mutlu, T. (2021a). Heavy metal concentrations in the edible tissues of some commercial fishes caught
along the Eastern Black Sea coast of Turkey and the health risk assessment. Spectroscopy Letters, 54(6), 437-445. DOI: 10.1080/00387010.2021.1939386
Mutlu, T. (2021b). Seasonal variation of trace elements and stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) values of
commercial marine fish from the black sea and human health risk assessment. Spectroscopy Letters, 54(9), 665-674. DOI: 10.1080/00387010.2021.1984254
Neves, D., Sobral, P., Ferreira, J.L. & Pereira, T. (2015). Ingestion of microplastics by commercial fish off the Portuguese coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 101(1), 119-126. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.11.008.
Onay, H., Minaz, M., Ak, K., Er, A., Emanet, M., Karslı, B. & Bilgin S. (2022). Decade of microplastic alteration in the southeastern black sea: An example of seahorse gastrointestinal tracts. Environ Res. 5, 218:115001. DOI:
10.1016/j.envres.2022.115001
Özşeker, K., Erüz, C. & Terzi, Y. (2022a). Spatial distribution and ecological risk evaluation of toxic metals in the southern Black Sea coastal sediments. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 182, 114020.
Özşeker, K., Erüz, C. & Terzi, Y. (2022b). Evaluation of toxic metals in different grain size fractions of sediments of the southeastern Black Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 182, 113959.
Pehlivan, N. & Gedik, K. (2021). Particle size-dependent biomolecular footprints of interactive microplastics in maize. Environmental Pollution, 277, 116772. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116772
Pehlivan, N. & Gedik, K. (2022). Coping with the unnatural: Tracking transcriptional activation and macromolecular profiles in Arabidopsis under microplastic exposure. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 199, 104870. DOI:
10.1016/j.envexpbot.2022.104870
Peters, C.A., Thomas, P.A., Rieper, K.B. & Bratton, S.P. (2017). Foraging preferences influence microplastic ingestion by six marine fish species from the Texas Gulf Coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 124, 82-88. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.080
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