Effects of Phytotheraphy in Diabetes Mellitus

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 265 - 272, 30.09.2023

Muhammed Taha Kaya , Tolga Güvenç

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1284154

Öz

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by a persistent increase in blood glucose levels, causing various metabolic disorders. There are 2 main types of diabetes: Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 (insulin-dependent) and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (insulin-independent). Type 1 DM results from the inability to produce insulin as a result of epigenetic (autoimmunity / mutation) or acquired destruction of the β cells of the pancreas. T2DM is characterized by a prolonged increase in blood glucose levels due to a defect in insulin secretion or the insulin receptor. If diabetes is not treated well, it can affect various organs such as the heart, blood vessels, kidneys, brain and eyes, leading to various life-threatening complications and even death. Since there is no complete treatment for the disease, the applications are aimed at keeping blood glucose levels under control. However, the drugs applied may have different side effects. With this situation, medicinal plants with antihypoglycemic and antidiabetic potential have been used as supplements in diabetes. The aim of supportive treatment is to increase the effect of medical treatment, to reduce the effects of complications due to DM, and to increase the living standards of patients. The aim of this review is to compile the mechanisms of action of phytotherapeutic agents obtained from various medicinal plants on experimental animals and cell lines for which diabetes models were created.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Diabetes Mellitus, Phytotherapy, Laboratory Animals

Diyabetes Mellitusta Fitoterapinin Etkisi

Öz

Diabetes mellitus (DM), kan glukoz seviyesinde kalıcı bir artışla karakterize, çeşitli metabolik bozukluğa neden olan kronik bir hastalıktır. Diyabetes Mellitus Tip 1(insüline bağımlı) ve Diyabetes Mellitus Tip 2 (insülinden bağımsız) olmak üzere 2 ana diyabet tipi bulunmaktadır. Tip 1 DM, pankreasın β hücrelerinin epigenetik (otoimmünite / mutasyon) veya edinsel olarak yok olması sonucunda insülin üretilememesinden kaynaklanmaktadır. T2DM, insülin sekresyonundaki veya insülin reseptöründeki defekt nedeniyle kan şekeri seviyesinde uzun süreli artış ile karakterizedir. Diyabet iyi tedavi edilmezse kalp, damar, böbrek, beyin, göz gibi çeşitli organları etkileyerek yaşamı tehdit eden çeşitli komplikasyonlara hatta ölüme yol açabilmektedir. Hastalığın tam bir tedavisi bulunmamakla yapılan uygulamalar kan glukoz seviyesini kontrol altında tutmaya yöneliktir. Ancak uygulanan ilaçların farklı yan etkileri bulunabilmektedir. Bu durumla beraber antihipoglisemik ve antidiyabetik potansiyeli olan medikal bitkiler diyabette destekleyici olarak kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Destekleyici tedavinin amacı ise uygulanan medikal tedavinin etkisini artırmak, DM’ye bağlı oluşan komplikasyonların etkisini azaltmak ve hastaların yaşam standartlarını yükseltmektir. Bu derlemenin amacı, çeşitli medikal bitkilerden elde edilen fitoterapik ajanların diyabet modeli oluşturulan deney hayvanları ve hücre hatları üzerinde etki mekanizmalarının derlenmesidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Diyabetes Mellitus, Fitoterapi, Deney Hayvanları

Kaynakça

• Abdelsamia, E.M., Khaleel, S.A., Balah, A. & Abdel Baky, N.A. (2019). Curcumin augments the cardioprotective effect of metformin in an experimental model of type I diabetes mellitus; Impact of Nrf2/HO-1 and JAK/STAT pathways. Biomed Pharmacother, 109, 2136-2144. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.064
• Adeniyi, A., Asase, A., Ekpe, P., Asitoakor, B. K., Adu- Gyamfi, A., Avekor, P. Y. (2018). Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants from Ghana; confirmation of ethnobotanical uses, and review of biological and toxicological studies on medicinal plants used in Apra Hills Sacred Grove. Journal of Herbal Medicine. DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2018.02.001
• Afshari, A.T., Shirpoor, A., Farshid, A., Saadatian, R., Rasmi, Y., Saboory, E., Ilkhanizadeh, B. & Allameh, A. (2007). The effect of ginger on diabetic nephropathy, plasma antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in rats. Food Chemistry, 101(1), 148-153. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.01.013
• Aniszewski, T. (2015). Alkaloids: Chemistry, Biology, Ecology, and Applications: Second Edition.
• Arruda, D.C., Miguel, D.C., Yokoyama-Yasunaka, J.K.U., Katzin, A.M., Uliana, S.R.B. (2009). Inhibitory activity of limonene against Leishmania parasites in vitro and in vivo. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy, 63(9), 643- 649. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2009.02.004
• Atkinson, M.A., Eisenbarth, G.S. & Michels, A.W. (2014). Type 1 diabetes. The Lancet, 383(9911), 69-82.
• Bacanlı, M., Aydın, S., Anlar, H., Çal Doğan, T., Ari, N., Bucurgat, Ü., Başaran, A., Basaran, N.(2018). Can ursolic acid be beneficial against diabetes in rats? Turkish Journal of Biochemistry, 43. DO: 10.1515/tjb-2017-0289
• Bharti, S., Rani, N., Krishnamurthy, B. & Arya, D.S. (2014). Preclinical evidence for the pharmacological actions of naringin: a review. Planta Med, 80(6), 437-451. DOI: 10.1055/s- 0034-1368351
• Bishayee, A., Barnes, K.F., Bhatia, D., Darvesh, A.S. & Carroll, R.T. (2010). Resveratrol suppresses oxidative stress and inflammatory response in diethylnitrosamine-initiated rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancer Prev Res (Phila), 3(6), 753-763. DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.Capr-09- 0171
• Chang, W., Li, K., Guan, F., Yao, F., Yu, Y., Zhang, M. & Hatch, G.M., Chen, L. (2016). Berberine Pretreatment Confers Cardioprotection Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther, 21(5), 486-494. DOI: 10.1177/1074248415627873
• Chawla, A., Chawla, R. & Jaggi, S. (2016). Microvasular and macrovascular complications in diabetes mellitus: Distinct or continuum? Indian J Endocrinol Metab, 20(4), 546-551. DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.183480
• Dar, A., Faizi, S., Naqvi, S., Roome, T., Zikr-ur- Rehman, S., Ali, M., Firdous, S. & Moin, S.T. (2005). Analgesic and antioxidant activity of mangiferin and its derivatives: the structure activity relationship. Biol Pharm Bull, 28(4), 596- 600. DOI: 10.1248/bpb.28.596
• Del Toro-Arreola, S., Flores-Torales, E., Torres- Lozano, C., Del Toro-Arreola, A., Tostado- Pelayo, K., Guadalupe Ramirez-Dueñas, M. & Daneri-Navarro, A. (2005). Effect of D- limonene on immune response in BALB/c mice with lymphoma. Int Immunopharmacol, 5(5), 829-838. DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2004.12.012
• Dong, Y., Chen, Y.T., Yang, Y.X., Zhou, X.J., Dai, S.J., Tong, J.F., Shou, D. & Li, C. (2016). Metabolomics Study of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the AntiDiabetic Effect of Berberine in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats Using Uplc-ESI- Hdms. Phytother Res, 30(5), 823-828. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5587
• Duraisami, R., Srinivasan, D. & Ramaswamy, S. (2009). Anticonvulsant activity of bioflavonoid gossypin. Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 4. DOI: 10.3329/bjp.v4i1.1081
• Ekar, T., Kreft, S. (2019). Common risks of adulterated and mislabeled herbal preparations. Food Chem Toxicol, 123, 288-297. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.10.043
• Fowler, M.J. (2008). Microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Clinical diabetes, 26(2), 77-82.
• Han, J., Yi, J., Liang, F., Jiang, B., Xiao, Y., Gao, S., Yang, N., Hu, H., Xie, W.F. & Chen, W. (2015). X-3, a mangiferin derivative, stimulates AMP- activated protein kinase and reduces hyperglycemia and obesity in db/db mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol, 405, 63-73. DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.02.008
• Hatano, T., Eerdunbayaer, Cui, Y., Kuroda, T. & Shimozu, Y. (2017). Licorice as a Resource for Pharmacologically Active Phenolic Substances: Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Effects. In. Hussan, F., Teoh, S.L., Muhamad, N., Mazlan, M. & Latiff, A.A. (2014). Momordica charantia ointment accelerates diabetic wound healing and enhances transforming growth factor-β expression. J Wound Care, 23(8), 400, 402, 404- 407. DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2014.23.8.400
• Ibrahim, R. (2010). Diabetes mellitus type II: review of oral treatment options. Int J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci, 2(1), 21e30.
• Ikeda, Y., Murakami, A. & Ohigashi, H. (2008). Ursolic acid: an anti- and pro-inflammatory triterpenoid. Mol Nutr Food Res, 52(1), 26-42. DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700389
• Jang, S.M., Kim, M.J., Choi, M.S., Kwon, E.Y. & Lee, M.K. (2010). Inhibitory effects of ursolic acid on hepatic polyol pathway and glucose production in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Metabolism, 59(4), 512-519. DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.07.040
• Jiang, S.J., Dong, H., Li, J.B., Xu, L.J., Zou, X., Wang, K.F., Lu, F.E. & Yi, P. (2015). Berberine inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis via the LKB1-AMPK- TORC2 signaling pathway in streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats. World J Gastroenterol, 21(25), 7777-7785. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i25.7777
• Jing, L., Zhang, Y., Fan, S., Gu, M., Guan, Y., Lu, X., Huang, C. & Zhou, Z. (2013). Preventive and ameliorating effects of citrus D-limonene on dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Eur J Pharmacol, 715(1-3), 46-55. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.06.022
• Kang, O. J., Kim, J. S. (2016). Comparison of Ginsenoside Contents in Different Parts of Korean Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer). Prev Nutr Kaya & Güvenç, (2023) Anadolu Çev. ve Hay. Dergisi, Yıl:8, No:3, (265-272), 2023 Food Sci, 21(4), 389-392. DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2016.21.4.389
• Kim, S.H. & Choung, S.Y. (2010). Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic action of Cinnamomi Cassiae (Cinnamon bark) extract in C57BL/Ks db/db mice. Arch Pharm Res, 33(2), 325-333. DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-0219-0
• Li, P., Tang, Y., Liu, L., Wang, D., Zhang, L. & Piao, C. (2019). Therapeutic potential of buckwheat hull flavonoids in db/db mice, a model of type 2 diabetes. Journal of Functional Foods, 52, 284- 290.
• Liu, L., Liu, J., Gao, Y., Yu, X., Xu, G. & Huang, Y. (2014). Uncoupling protein-2 mediates the protective action of berberine against oxidative stress in rat insulinoma INS-1E cells and in diabetic mouse islets. Br J Pharmacol, 171(13), 3246-3254. DOI: 10.1111/bph.12666
• Mirmiran, P., Bahadoran, Z. & Azizi, F. (2014). Functional foods-based diet as a novel dietary approach for management of type 2 diabetes and its complications: A review. World journal of diabetes, 5(3), 267.
• Miyake, Y., Yamamoto, K., Tsujihara, N. & Osawa, T. (1998). Protective effects of lemon flavonoids on oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Lipids, 33(7), 689-695. DOI: 10.1007/s11745-998-0258-y
• Mukundwa, A., Mukaratirwa, S. & Masola, B. (2016). Effects of oleanolic acid on the insulin signaling pathway in skeletal muscle of streptozotocin- induced diabetic male Sprague-Dawley rats. J Diabetes, 8(1), 98-108. DOI: 10.1111/1753- 0407.12260
• Murali, R., Karthikeyan, A. & Saravanan, R. (2013). Protective effects of D-limonene on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol, 112(3), 175-181. DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12010
• Nabavi, S.F., Thiagarajan, R., Rastrelli, L., Daglia, M., Sobarzo-Sánchez, E., Alinezhad, H. & Nabavi, S.M. (2015). Curcumin: a natural product for diabetes and its complications. Curr Top Med Chem, 15(23), 2445-2455. DOI: 10.2174/1568026615666150619142519
• Odeyemi, S. & Bradley, G. (2018). Medicinal Plants Used for the Traditional Management of Diabetes in the Eastern Cape, South Africa: Pharmacology and Toxicology. Molecules, 23(11). DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112759
• Ozougwu, J., Obimba, K., Belonwu, C. & Unakalamba, C. (2013). The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Physiol Pathophysiol, 4(4), 46-57.
• Palsamy, P. & Subramanian, S. (2010). Ameliorative potential of resveratrol on proinflammatory cytokines, hyperglycemia mediated oxidative stress, and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. J Cell Physiol, 224(2), 423-432. DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22138
• Pari, L., Chandramohan, R. (2017). Modulatory effects of naringin on hepatic key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in high-fat diet/low- dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Gen Physiol Biophys, 36(3), 343-352. DOI: 10.4149/gpb_2016055
• Park, J.Y., Choi, P., Kim, T., Ko, H., Kim, H.K., Kang, K.S. & Ham, J. (2015). Protective Effects of Processed Ginseng and Its Active Ginsenosides on Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity: In Vitro and in Vivo Studies. J Agric Food Chem, 63(25), 5964-5969. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00782
• Parsamanesh, N., Moossavi, M., Bahrami, A., Butler, A. E. & Sahebkar, A. (2018). Therapeutic potential of curcumin in diabetic complications. Pharmacol Res, 136, 181-193. DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.09.012
• Patel, S. & Rauf, A. (2017). Adaptogenic herb ginseng (Panax) as medical food: Status quo and future prospects. Biomed Pharmacother, 85, 120-127. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.112
• Ping, H., Zhang, G. & Ren, G. (2010). Antidiabetic effects of cinnamon oil in diabetic KK-Ay mice. Food Chem Toxicol, 48(8-9), 2344-2349. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.069
• Pollier, J. & Goossens, A. (2012). Oleanolic acid. Phytochemistry, 77, 10-15. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.12.022
• Rahimi-Madiseh, M., Heidarian, E., Kheiri, S. & Rafieian-Kopaei, M. (2017). Effect of hydroalcoholic Allium ampeloprasum extract on oxidative stress, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy, 86, 363-367.
• Rodríguez, V., Plavnik, L. & Tolosa de Talamoni, N. (2018). Naringin attenuates liver damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother, 105, 95-102. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.120
• Shi, C.Y., Yang, H., Wei, C.L., Yu, O., Zhang, Z.Z., Jiang, C.J., Sun, J., Li, Y.Y., Chen, Q., Xia, T. & Wan, X.C. (2011). Deep sequencing of the Camellia sinensis transcriptome revealed candidate genes for major metabolic pathways of tea-specific compounds. BMC Genomics, 12(1), 131. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-131
• Singh, A.K., Raj, V., Keshari, A.K., Rai, A., Kumar, P., Rawat, A., Maity, B., Kumar, D., Prakash, A., De, A., Samanta, A., Bhattacharya, B. & Saha, S. (2018). Isolated mangiferin and naringenin exert antidiabetic effect via PPAR(γ)/GLUT4 dual agonistic action with strong metabolic regulation. Chem Biol Interact, 280, 33-44. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.12.007
• Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes (2016) Summary of Revisions. (2015). Diabetes Care, 39(Supplement_1), S4-S5. DOI: 10.2337/dc16- S003
• Şerbetçi, H. (2007). Meyan (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) bitkisinin antioksidan kapasitesinin belirlenmesi / Determination of antioxidant capacitiy of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.). Atatürk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
• Tang, L.Q., Wei, W., Chen, L.M. & Liu, S. (2006). Effects of berberine on diabetes induced by alloxan and a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet in rats. J Ethnopharmacol, 108(1), 109-115. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.04.019
• Tao, K., Chen, J. & Wang, L. (2017). Effects of berberine on the expressions of NRF2 and HO-1 in endothelial cells of diabetic rat. Biomedical Research-tokyo, 28, 3860-3864.
• Teoh, S.L., Latiff, A.A. & Das, S. (2009). The effect of topical extract of Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) on wound healing in nondiabetic rats and in rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin. Clin Exp Dermatol, 34(7), 815-822. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2008.03117.x
• Tholl, D. (2015). Biosynthesis and biological functions of terpenoids in plants. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol, 148, 63-106. DOI: 10.1007/10_2014_295
• Tian, W., Chen, L., Zhang, L., Wang, B., Li, X.B., Fan, K.R., Ai, C.H., Xia, X., Li, S.D. & Li, Y. (2017). Effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on glucose metabolism and liver injury in streptozotocin- induced type 2 diabetic rats. Genet Mol Res, 16(1). DOI: 10.4238/gmr16019463
• Venkatesan, T. & Sorimuthu Pillai, S. (2012). Antidiabetic activity of gossypin, a pentahydroxyflavone glucoside, in streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes in rats. J Diabetes, 4(1), 41-46. DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-0407.2011.00145.x
• Visnagri, A., Kandhare, A.D., Chakravarty, S., Ghosh, P. & Bodhankar, S.L. (2014). Hesperidin, a flavanoglycone attenuates experimental diabetic neuropathy via modulation of cellular and biochemical marker to improve nerve functions. Pharm Biol, 52(7), 814-828. DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.870584
• Wang, X., Liu, R., Zhang, W., Zhang, X., Liao, N., Wang, Z., Li, W., Qin, X. & Hai, C. (2013). Oleanolic acid improves hepatic insulin resistance via antioxidant, hypolipidemic and anti- inflammatory effects. Mol Cell Endocrinol, 376(1-2), 70-80. DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.06.014
• Waring, W.S. (2016). Antidiabetic drugs. Medicine, 44(3), 138-140.
• Williams, R., Colagiuri, S., Chan, J., Gregg, E., Ke, C., Lim, L.L. & Yang, X. (2019). IDF Atlas 9th Edition 2019.
• Xiong, Y., Shen, L., Liu, K. J., Tso, P., Xiong, Y., Wang, G., Woods, S.C. & Liu, M. (2010). Antiobesity and antihyperglycemic effects of ginsenoside Rb1 in rats. Diabetes, 59(10), 2505-2512. DOI: 10.2337/db10-0315
• Yehuda, I., Madar, Z., Leikin-Frenkel, A. & Tamir, S. (2015). Glabridin, an isoflavan from licorice root, downregulates iNOS expression and activity under high-glucose stress and inflammation. Mol Nutr Food Res, 59(6), 1041-1052. DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400876
• Yu, Y., Zick, S., Li, X., Zou, P., Wright, B. & Sun, D. (2011). Examination of the pharmacokinetics of active ingredients of ginger in humans. Aaps j, 13(3), 417-426. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12248- 011-9286-5
• Zhang, D.W., Fu, M., Gao, S.H. & Liu, J.L. (2013). Curcumin and diabetes: a systematic review. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013, 636053. DOI: 10.1155/2013/636053
• Zheng, Y., Bai, L., Zhou, Y., Tong, R., Zeng, M., Li, X., Shi, J. (2019). Polysaccharides from Chinese herbal medicine for anti-diabetes recent advances. International journal of biological macromolecules, 121, 1240-1253.
• Zhou, J., Zhou, S., Tang, J., Zhang, K., Guang, L., Huang, Y., Xu, Y., Ying, Y., Zhang, L. & Li, D. (2009). Protective effect of berberine on beta cells in streptozotocin- and high-carbohydrate/high-fat diet-induced diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol, 606(1-3), 262-268. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.12.056
• Zhu, X., Cheng, Y.Q., Du, L., Li, Y., Zhang, F., Guo, H., Liu, Y.W. & Yin, X.X. (2015). Mangiferin attenuates renal fibrosis through down-regulation of osteopontin in diabetic rats. Phytother Res, 29(2), 295-302. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5254.