TÜRKİYE ÇAY EKİM ALANLARINDA 2. VE 3. HASAT DÖNEMİNDE EKONOMİK ZARAR EŞIĞININ AŞAN AKAR TÜRLERİ VE POPULASYON DINAMIKLERi

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 119 - 126

Feyza Yazıcı Muhammet Mustafa Akıner

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1444548

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, 2. ve 3. hasat dönemlerinde ekonomik zarar eşiğini aşan akar türlerini ve popülasyon düzeylerini belirlemektir. Bu çalışma Artvin, Rize ve Trabzon illerindeki çay ekim alanlarında 2023 yılının ikinci ve üçüncü hasat dönemlerinde temmuz-ekim ayları arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çay yaprakları her ilden 3 nokta belirlenerek ayda iki kez (Artvin; Sarp, Hopa Arhavi, Rize; Ardeşen, Çayeli, Derepazarı, Trabzon; Of, Sürmene 1, Sürmene 2) rastgele örnekleme yöntemiyle alandan toplanmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre Polyphagotarsonemus latus'un en yaygın tür olduğu (Acari: Tarsonemidae) gözlenmiştir. Türün tüm aylarda ve tüm lokasyonlarda ekonomik zarar eşiğini aştığı belirlenmiştir. Özellikle Eylül ayında Sarp bölgesinden toplanan örneklerde yaprak başına akar sayısı 116,73 olarak kaydedilmiştir. Brevipalpus phoenicis (Prostigmata: Tenuipalpidae) ikinci en yaygın tür olarak tespit edilmiş ve Sarp bölgesinde tüm aylarda tüm aylarda EDT'nin üzerinde bulunmuştur. Çayelinde ise aynı durum eylü ayında gözlenmiştir. Ekonomik zarar eşiğini aşan her iki akar türü de (sarı çay akarı ve yassı akar) en yoğun olarak eylül ayında gözlenmiştir. Hopa, Arhavi, Ardeşen ve Derepazarı'ndaki örnekleme noktalarında Calacarus carinatus türü gözlenmiş ve Hopa bölgesi için Ekim ayında ekonomik zarar eşiğini aştığı saptanmıştır. Bazı çalışma noktalarında Tetranychus urticae, Tydeus californicus, Calacarus carinatus, Tuckerella sp., akar türlerine rastlanmış olup, Calacarus carinatus Hopa bölgesi ekim ayı örnekleri dışında bu türlerin ekonomik zarar eşiğini aşmadığı gözlenmiştir.

Keywords

Brevipalpus phoenicis, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Akarlar, çay

Project Number

FOA-2024-1527

Mite Species Exceeding the Economic Damage Threshold in the Tea Plantation Areas in Türkiye and Population Dynamics in the 2nd and 3rd Harvesting Periods

Abstract

The main goal of this study was to determine the mite species exceeding the economic damage threshold level during the 2nd and 3rd harvesting periods and population levels. This study was carried out in tea plantation areas in Artvin, Rize and Trabzon provinces from july to october in the second and third harvesting periods of 2023. Tea leaves were collected from the field by random sampling method by determining 3 districts from each province two times per month (Artvin; Sarp, Hopa Arhavi, Rize; Ardeşen, Çayeli, Derepazarı, Trabzon; Of, Sürmene 1, Sürmene 2). As a result of our study, it was determined that Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Acari: Tarsonemidae), the most common species, exceeded the economic damage threshold in all months and in all locations. Especially in the samples collected from Sarp region in September, the number of mites per leaf was recorded as 116,73. Brevipalpus phoenicis (Prostigmata: Tenuipalpidae) was detected as a second most common species and found at exceeded EDT in all months in the Sarp region. The same situation was observed in Çayelin in September. Both mite species that exceeded economic damage threshold (yellow tea mite and flat mite) were most frequently observed in september. Tetranychus urticae, Tydeus californicus, Calacarus carinatus, Tuckerella sp., mite species were found at some study points, and number of individuals did not exceed economic damage threshold except Calacarus carinatus Hopa region october samples.

Keywords

Brevipalpus phoenicis, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Acarina, Tea

Ethical Statement

Herehangi bir etik kurul izni gerekmemektedir

Supporting Institution

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırmalar Birimi

Project Number

FOA-2024-1527

References

• Anderson, L.E. (1954). Hoyer's Solution as a Rapid Permanent Mounting Medium for Bryophytes. The Bryologist, 57(3), 242-244.
• Ak, K., Güçlü, Ş. & Sekban, R. (2013). Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesinde Yeni Bir Zararlı Ricania simulans (Walker, 1851)(Hemiptera: Ricaniidae)’a Karşı Azadirachtin ve Spinosad Etki Maddeli Biyopestisitlerin Etkinliklerinin Belirlenmesi. Tarım Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, 1, 10-14.
• Akıner, M.M., Öztürk, M., Güney, İ. & Usta, A. (2020). Natural infection potential and efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana against Orosanga japonica (Melichar). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 30, 1-9.
• Akiner, M.M., Selvi, E.K., Öztürk, M., Güney, İ. & Asu, U.S.T.A. (2021). Toxic efficacy of Cuscuta campestris Yunck.(Solanales: Convolvulaceae) and Lupinus albus L.(Fabales: Fabaceae) plant crude extracts against nymphs and adults of Orosanga japonica (Melichar, 1898) (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae) under laboratory conditions. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 45(1), 65-75.
• Akyazı, R., Soysal M., Özen, B. & Hassan, E. (2023). Assessment of toxicidal and repellency activity of extracts from aerial parts of Prunus laurocerasus for controlling broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus. International Journal of Acarology, 49(7- 8), 440-447.
• Akyazi, R., Sekban, R., Soysal, M., Akyol, D., Colee, J. & Bostan, S. Z. (2019). Ecofriendly control approaches for Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) on tea (Camellia sinensis L.). International Journal of Acarology, 45(1-2), 79-89.
• Aubert, B., Lossois, P., Marchal, J., Rabaud, J. & De Boisvilliers, P. J. (1981). Mise en évidence des dégâts causés par Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) sur papayer à l'île de la Réunion. Fruits 36(1), 9-24.
• Babu, A. & Muraleedharan, N. (2010). “A Note on the Use of Pesticide for the Control of Insect and Mite Pests of Tea in South India.” UPASI Tea Research Institute (23).
• Barua, D.N. (1989). Science and Practice in Tea Culture, Tea Res. Association, Calcutta, Jorhat.
• Beattie, G.A.C. & Gellatley, J. G. (1983). “Mite Pests of Citrus.” Mite pests of citrus. (H2. AE. 3).
• Can, M. & Çobanoğlu, S. (2010). Kumluca (Antalya) ilçesinde sebze üretimi yapılan seralarda bulunan akar (Acari) türlerinin tanımı ve konukçuları üzerinde çalışmalar. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(2), 87-92.
• Castagnoli, M., Liguori, M. & Simoni, S. (1999). Effect of two different host plants on biological features of Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor). International Journal of Acarology, 25(2), 145- 150.
• Chen, Z.M. & Chen, X.F. (1989). An analysis of world tea pest fauna. J. Tea Sci., 9(1), 13-22.
• Childers, C. C., & Rodrıgues, J. C. (2011). An overview of Brevipalpus mites (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) and the plant viruses they transmit. Zoosymposia, 6, 180-192.
• Çuhadar, B. A., Akyazı, R., Bostan, S. Z. (2019). Effect of yellow tea mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks, 1904) (Trombidiformes: Tarsonemidae), on quality traits of black tea. In Third International Conference on Agriculture, Food, Veterinary and Pharmacy Sciences (ICAFOP) (pp. 1593-1607).
• Çuhadar, B.A., Akyazi, R. & Bostan, S.Z. (2023). Yield loss and physicochemical changes in fresh tea leaves caused by Polyphagotarsonemus latus (banks) attack in different tea clones. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 43(1), 297-309.
• Das, G.M. (1959). Bionomics of the tea red spider, Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 50(2), 265-274.
• Das, G.M. (1965). PESTS of tea in north-east India and their control. PESTS of tea in north-east India and their control., (27).
• De Coss-Romero, M. & Peña, J. E. (1998). Relationship of broad mite (Acari: Tarsonemidae) to host phenology and injury levels in Capsicum annuum. Florida Entomologist, 81(4), 515-526.
• Diler, H., Yazıcı, G., Saçtı, Z., Yücel, C. & Barış, A. (2022). Survey of mite species of tea plantations in Rize. Plant Protection Bulletin, 62(3), 37-49.
• Döker, İ., Stathakis, T.I. & Kazak, C. (2014). First record of Amblyseius bryophilus Karg (Acari: Phytoseiidae) for the Turkish fauna. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 38(3), 375-377.
• Escobar-Garcia, H.A. & Ferragut, F. (2022). Damage and spatiotemporal dynamics of the Ngaio flat mite, Brevipalpus ferraguti (Trombidiformes: Tenuipalpidae), with observations on the development of the female insemination system. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 86(1), 73- 90.
• Escobar-Garcia, H.A., Beard, J.J. & Ochoa, R. (2022). Report of Tuckerella pavoniformis (Acari: Tuckerellidae) on mamey, Mammea americana (Calophyllaceae), in northwestern Peru. Insects, 13(5), 473.
• Ferreira, M. A., & Carmona, M. M. (1994). Acarofauna do feijoeiro em Portugal. Boletín de sanidad vegetal. Plagas, 20(1), 111-118.
• Gerson, U. (1992). Biology and control of the broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Acari: Tarsonemidae). Experimental & Applied Acarology, 13(3), 163-178.
• Gökçe, M.P., Karagoz, M., Faraji, F. & Cakmak, I. (2020). Mite species composition and their population densities on chestnut trees in Turkey. International Journal of Acarology, 46(4), 247- 253.
• Ho, C.C. (2000). Spider-mite problems and control in Taiwan. Experimental & applied acarology, 4, 453-462.
• IBM Corp (2013). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
• Kamruzzaman, A.S.M., Zinnatul Alam, M., Ramiz Uddin Miah, M. & Siddiquee, S. (2013). Impact of Yellow Mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) Density on Host’s (Corchorus Capsularis) Phenology and Assessment of Yield Loss under Field Conditions. Entomological Research 43(4), 243-52.
• Laffi, F. (1982). Occurrence of Polyphagotarsonemus Latus (Banks) on Capsicum Seed-Beds in North Italy].[Italian]. Informatore Fitopatologico.
• Lahai, M.T., Ekanayake, I. & George, J.B. (2003). Leaf Chlorophyll Content and Tuberous Root Yield of Cassava in Inland Valley. African Crop Science Journal, 11(2), 107-117.
• Lehmann-Danzinger, H. (2000). Diseases and pests of tea: Overview and possibilities of integrated pest and disease management. J. Agric Rural Dev. Trop Subtrop, 101(1), 13-38.
• McMurtry, J.A. & Croft, B.A. (1997). Life-styles of phytoseiid mites and their roles in biological control. Annual Review of Entomology, 42(1), 291-321.
• Monika, J., Rachna, G. & Batra, V.K. (2017). Bioecological studies of Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks)(Acari: Tarsonemidae): a review. Annals of Biology, 33(2), 319-324.
• Muraleedharan, N. (1992). Pest control in Asia. In Tea: cultivation to consumption (pp. 375-412). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
• Muraleedharan, N. & Chandrasekharan, R. (1981). Observations on the seasonal variations of Acaphylla theae Keifer and Calacarus carinatus (Green)(Acarina: Eriophyidae) in a tea field at the Anamalais (South India). Pestology, 5(6), 11-15.
• Nemestothy, K.K, Voncsanszky, E. S. & Simon, N. (1982). Influence of Damage of the Mites Tarsonemus Pallidus Banks and Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks (Acari: Tarsonemidae) on the Morphological Properties of Fatshedera and Hedera Leaves. Novenyvedelem 18(10), 437-42.
• Ovando-Garay, V., González-Gómez, R., Zarza, E., Castillo-Vera, A. & de Coss-Flores, M.E. (2022). Morphological and genetic characterization of the broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from two Mexican populations. Plos one, 17(4), e0266335.
• Özman-Sullivan, S.K., Öcal, H. & Mıcık, M. (2006). Mites of tea plantations in Turkey. VIII. European Congress of Entomology (p. 45). Izmir.
• Palevsky, E., Soroker, V., Weintraub, P., Mansour, F., Abo-Moch, F. & Gerson, U. (2001). How speciesspecific is the phoretic relationship between the broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Acari: Tarsonemidae), and its insect hosts?. Experimental & Applied Acarology, 25, 217-224.
• Peal, S.E. (1868). Letter for forwarding specimens and drawing of ‘Red spider’. J. Agric. Hort. Soc. India, 1, 69.
• Peña, J.E. & Bullock, R.C. (1994). Effects of feeding of broad mite (Acari: Tarsonemidae) on vegetative plant growth. The Florida Entomologist, 77(1), 180-184.
• Peña, J.E. & Osborne, L. (1996). Biological control of Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Acarina: Tarsonemidae) in greenhouses and field trials using introductions of predacious mites (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Entomophaga, 41(2), 279-285.
• Rattan, P.S. (1992). Pest and disease control in Africa. In Tea: cultivation to consumption (pp. 331-352). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
• Roy, S., Handique, G., Bora, F.R. & Rahman, A. (2018). Evaluation of certain non-conventional plant based oils against red spider mite of tea. Journal of Environmental Biology, 39(1), 1-4.
• Sevsay, S., Adil, S., Karakurt, İ., Buğa, E. & Akman, E. (2016). Five new records of the genus Trombidium (Actinotrichida: Trombidiidae) from northeastern Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 40(2), 151-156.
• Sudoi, V., Khaemba, B.M. & Wanjala, F.M.E. (2001). Nitrogen fertilization and yield losses of tea to red crevice mite (Brevipalpus phoenicis Geijskes) in the Eastern Highlands of Kenya. International Journal of Pest Management, 47(3), 207-210.
• Uygun, N., Ulusoy, M.R. & Karaca, I. (1995). A citrus pest in the East Mediterranean region of Turkey, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks)(Acarina: Tarsonemidae). Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 19(1), 1-4.
• Vacante, V. (2010). Citrus mites : identification, bionomy and control (NV). CABI Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK.
• Venzon, M., Rosado, M.C., Molina-Rugama, A.J., Duarte, V.S., Dias, R. & Pallini, A. (2008). Acaricidal efficacy of neem against Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Acari: Tarsonemidae). Crop Protection, 27(3-5), 869- 872.
• Zhang, H., Li, H., Li, L., Wang, Q., Zeng, M. & Wu, G. (2018). Main physiological variation in tea leaves fed by broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks). Journal of Plant Protection, 45(3), 632- 639.
• Zhang, Q.Z. (2003). Mites of greenhouses: identification, biology and control. Methods & Techniques (pp 33-33). CABI Publishing, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK.