İçme Suyundan Doğal Organik Madde Gideriminde Kitosan/Karbon Nanotüp Kaplı Ultrafiltrasyon Membranlarının Performansı

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 257 - 268, 30.06.2024

İsmail Hakkı Zengin , Mehmet Çakmakcı , Fatma Busra Buyukbuberoglu , Doğan Karadağ , Cenk Denkdaş , Oğuzhan Avcıata , Afşin Çetinkaya

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1432233

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, doğal organik maddenin (NOM) giderilmesine ve membran kirlenmesinin
önlenmesine özel olarak odaklanarak, ticari olarak temin edilebilen polietersülfon (PES) ultrafiltrasyon (UF)
membranlarının filtrasyon verimliliğini arttırmaktır. UF membranlarının modifikasyonu, kitosan/çok duvarlı
karbon nanotüp (CS/MWCNT-OH) kullanılarak ve hem daldırma hem de döndürerek kaplama teknikleri
kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Membran yüzeyi morfolojileri, Zayıflatılmış Toplam Yansıma Fourier
Dönüşümü Kızılötesi Spektroskopisi (ATR-FTIR), Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM), Atomik Kuvvet
Mikroskobu (AFM) ve Enerji Dağıtıcı X-ışını Spektroskopisi (EDX) teknikleri kullanılarak değerlendirildi.
Membranların etkinliğini değerlendirmek için laboratuvar ölçekli bir sistemde İstanbul'un iki ana su kaynağı,
özellikle Melen Nehri ve Terkos Gölü kullanılarak testler gerçekleştirildi. Toplam organik karbon (TOC),
UV254 absorbansı, bulanıklık ve trihalometan oluşum potansiyeli (THMFP) kapsamlı bir analizin parçası
olarak ölçüldü. Yüzey morfolojisi araştırmaları, MWCNT-OH nanopartiküllerinin membran yüzeyine etkili
bir şekilde çökeldiğini doğruladı. Bu, membranın hidrofilikliğinde bir iyileşme gösteren su temas açısındaki
azalma ile desteklendi. Modifiye edilmiş membranlar, orijinal membranlarla karşılaştırıldığında çok daha
yüksek TOC giderim oranları gösterdi. Spesifik olarak Melen Nehri ve Terkos Gölü'nün temizleme verimliliği
sırasıyla %37,14 ve %56,86 idi. Bununla birlikte, yüzeydeki değişiklik, gözenek boyutunda eş zamanlı
düşüşün bir sonucu olarak membran akışında bir düşüşe yol açtı. Özetlemek gerekirse, bu çalışmanın
sonuçları, ticari PES UF membranlarının performansını ve kirlenme önleyici özelliklerini geliştirmek için
CS/MWCNT-OH kullanılarak yüzey modifikasyonunun önemli kapasitesini vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

doğal organik madde, ultrafiltrasyon, membran, membran kaplama, dezenfeksiyon yan ürünleri, çok duvarlı karbon nanotüp

Project Number

111Y077

Performance of Chitosan/Carbon Nanotube-Coated Ultrafiltration Membranes for Natural Organic Matter Removal from Drinking Water

Abstract

The objective of this study is to improve the filtration efficiency of commercially available polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, with a specific focus on removing natural organic
matter (NOM) and preventing membrane fouling. The modification of UF membranes was accomplished by utilizing chitosan/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CS/MWCNT-OH) and employing both dip and spin
coating techniques. The membrane surface morphologies were evaluated using the Attenuated Total
Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM),
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) techniques. Tests were
carried out to assess the effectiveness of the membranes in a laboratory-scale system using two primary water sources from Istanbul, specifically the Melen River and Terkos Lake. Total organic carbon (TOC), UV254 absorbance, turbidity, and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) were all measured as part of a thorough analysis. The surface morphology investigations verified the effective deposition of MWCNT-OH nanoparticles onto the membrane surface. This was corroborated by the reduction in the water contact angle, showing an improvement in the hydrophilicity of the membrane. The modified membranes demonstrated much higher TOC removal rates compared to the original membranes. Specifically, the removal efficiencies for Melen River and Terkos Lake were 37.14% and 56.86%, respectively. Nevertheless, the alteration of the surface led to a decline in membrane flux as a result of the concurrent drop in pore size. To summarize, the results of this work highlights the considerable capability of surface modification using CS/MWCNT-OH to improve the performance and antifouling characteristics of commercial PES UF membranes.

Keywords

MWCNT, membrane coating, filtration, natural organic matter, THMFP

Supporting Institution

TUBITAK (THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF TURKİYE)

Project Number

111Y077

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