İSTANBUL'DA KENTSEL ARKA PLANDA ATMOSFERIK SIYAH KARBON KONSANTRASYON DEĞIŞIMININ DEĞERLENDIRILMESI

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 4, 648 - 659

Zehra Çolak , Burcu Onat , Melike Servin Coşgun , Burcu Uzun Ayvaz , Coşkun Ayvaz , S. Levent Kuzu , Elif Yavuz , Hilal Çetin , Zeynep Fidan , Ülkü Alver Şahin

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1561066

Öz

Siyah karbon (Black Carbon, BC), eksik bir yanma ürünüdür ve ince partikül madde bileşeni olup solunduğunda insan sağlığı için zararlıdır. Ayrıca BC iklim değişikliğinde kısa ömürlü iklim zorlayıcısı (short lived climate force) olarak tanımlanmakta ve CO2’den sonra önemli bir ısı tutma etkisine sahiptir. Dünyanın diğer kentlerinde atmosferik BC konsantrasyon değişimi oldukça yaygın çalışılmışken, Türkiye’de sadece İstanbul’da kısıtlı sayıda trafik alanlarında çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, İstanbul’da ilk kez kent arkaplanda BC’nin değişimleri ve diğer parametrelerle ilişkisi mevsimsel olarak incelenmiştir. BC ölçümleri tek dalga boyunda (880 nm) tek kanallı AE51 aethalometre ile yapılmıştır. Mevsimsel ortalama BC konsantrasyon değişimleri yaz, sonbahar, kış ve ilkbahar dönemlerinde sırasıyla 1,97 ± 3,10 µg/m3, 1,77 ± 2,36 µg/m3, 3,33 ± 4,29 µg/m3, 3,22 ± 3,25 µg/m3 olarak ölçüldü. En yüksek konsantrasyon kışın gözlendi. BC ile partikül madde ve trafikle ilgili kirleticiler (NOX gibi) arasında pozitif yüksek korelasyonlar olduğu tespit edildi. BC’nin gün içi saatlik değişimleri incelendiğinde trafiğin yoğun olduğu sabah ve akşam saatlerinde İstanbul trafiğinin bölgesel emisyonlara katkısı olduğu görüldü. Rüzgâr hızı, PBLH gibi meteorolojik parametrelerin ve mevsimsel konsantrasyon üzerinde önemli bir etkisi olduğu ve trafik kaynağının kentsel arka plan bölgesinde her mevsim önemli bir BC kaynağı olduğu söylenebilir. Kentsel ortamlarda BC’nin mekânsal dağılımının anlaşılması için uzun süreli mevsimsel farklar ortaya konulmasını ve hem sabit hem mobil ölçümlerle izlenmesini tavsiye ediyoruz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Siyah karbon, İstanbul, kentsel arka plan

Etik Beyan

Anadolu Çevre ve Hayvancılık Dergisi (Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences)’ne makale olarak sunduğumuz “İstanbul'da Kentsel Arka Planda Atmosferık Sıyah Karbon Konsantrasyon Değışımının Değerlendırılmesı” başlıklı bu çalışma kullanılan verileri/örnekleri birlikte topladığımızı, başka kaynaklardan aldığımız bilgileri metinde ve kaynakçada eksiksiz olarak gösterdiğimizi, çalışma sürecinde bilimsel araştırma ve etik kurallara uygun olarak davrandığımızı ve aksinin ortaya çıkması durumunda her türlü yasal sonucu kabul ettiğimizi sorumlu yazar olarak tüm yazarlar adına beyan ederim.

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Proje Numarası

122Y079 numaralı proje

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma, Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK) 122Y079 numaralı proje ve İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, BAP koordinatörlüğü FBA-2024-36086 numaralı proje tarafından desteklenmiş ve finanse edilmiştir. Bu destek için İUC_BAP ve TÜBİTAK’a teşekkür ederiz.

ASSESSMENT OF ATMOSPHERİC BLACK CARBON CONCENTRATİON CHANGE İN URBAN BACKGROUND İN ISTANBUL

Öz

Black carbon (BC) is an incomplete combustion product and a component of fine particulate matter that is harmful to human health when inhaled. BC is also identified as a short lived climate forcing in climate change and has a significant heat-trapping effect after CO2. While atmospheric BC concentration changes have been widely studied in other cities of the world, there are only a limited number of studies in traffic areas in Istanbul, Turkey. In this study, for the first time in Istanbul, the seasonal variations of BC in the urban background and its relationship with other parameters were investigated seasonally. Seasonal mean BC concentration changes were measured as 1,97 ± 3,10 µg/m3, 1,77 ± 2,36 µg/m3, 3,33 ± 4,29 µg/m3, 3,22 ± 3,25 µg/m3 in summer, autumn, winter and spring, respectively. The highest concentration was observed in winter. There were high positive correlations between BC and particulate matter and traffic-related pollutants (such as NOX). When the hourly variations of BC during the day were analyzed, it was seen that Istanbul traffic contributed to regional emissions in the morning and evening hours when the traffic was heavy. It can be said that meteorological parameters such as wind speed, PBLH and seasonal concentrations have a significant effect on BC concentrations and that the traffic source is an important source of BC in the urban background region in all seasons. In order to understand the spatial distribution of BC in urban environments, we recommend that long-term seasonal differences should be demonstrated and monitored with both fixed and mobile measurements.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Black carbon, Istanbul, urban backround

Proje Numarası

122Y079 numaralı proje

Kaynakça

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