Karadeniz'den Elde Edilen Barbun Balığından (Mullus barbatus) İzole Edilen Kültürlenebilir Gastrointestinal Bakterilerinin Geniş Ağır Metal Toleransı ve Yüksek Filogenetik Çeşitliliği

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 5, 729 - 739, 30.09.2025

Zeynep Baycelebi , Semra Saygın , Hayrettin Saygin

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1739996

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Karadeniz’de yaşayan barbun balığı (Mullus barbatus) örneklerinden izole edilen kültürlenebilir bağırsak bakterilerinin filogenetik çeşitliliğini ve ağır metal direnç profillerini belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. Kültüre dayalı yöntemler kullanılarak toplamda on iki bakteri izole edilmiş ve 16S rRNA gen dizi analiziyle tanımlamaları yapılmıştır. İzole edilen bakteriler, Actinomycetota, Bacillota ve Pseudomonadota olmak üzere üç baskın bakteriyel şubeye ait bulunmuştur. İzolatlardan biri olan Z1T07, en yakın tip suşu ile karşılaştırıldığında %98,65’ten daha düşük bir dizi benzerliğine sahip olup, Luteococcus cinsine ait yeni bir tür olabileceğini düşündürmüştür. İzole edilen bakterilerin ağır metal dirençleri kadmiyum, krom, bakır, cıva, nikel ve çinko metalleri karşısında test edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, suşların büyük çoğunluğu test edilen en yüksek krom ve nikel konsantrasyonlarına karşı tolerans göstermiştir. Buna karşılık, cıva ve kadmiyum varlığında hafif düzeyde inhibisyon etkileri gözlemlenmiştir. İncelenen bakteriler arasında en geniş ağır metal direnç profiline Acinetobacter sp. Z2T15 suşu sahip bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, M. barbatus gibi denizel, yerleşik bir balık türünün mikrobiyotasının önemli bir ekolojik gösterge işlevi gördüğünü ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, M. barbatus’un Karadeniz’de ağır metal kirliliğinin izlenmesi için etkili bir biyoindikatör organizma olarak kullanılabileceği önerilmektedir. Gelecekte yapılacak genomik çalışmaların, bu ağır metal tolerans mekanizmalarının ayrıntılı bir şekilde açıklığa kavuşturulmasını sağlayarak, bu bakterilerin biyoteknolojik potansiyelinin tam olarak belirlenmesine öncülük etmesi gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır.

Keywords

16S rRNA Dizi Analizi , Minimum İnhibitör Konsantrasyonu , Acinetobacter , Demersal Balık , Biyoindikatör Tür , Biyoremediasyon Potansiyeli

Supporting Institution

Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK)

Project Number

1919B012320509

Culturable Gut-Associated Bacteria of Red Mullet (Mullus barbatus) from the Black Sea Show Broad Heavy-Metal Tolerance and High Phylogenetic Diversity

Abstract

The present study sought to determine the phylogenetic diversity and heavy metal resistance profile of culturable gut-associated bacteria isolated from Black Sea red mullet (Mullus barbatus) specimens. Twelve bacteria were isolated using culture-dependent methods and characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The three dominant bacterial phyla represented were Actinomycetota, Bacillota, and Pseudomonadota. One of the isolates, Z1T07, was less than 98.65% identical at the sequence level to the closest type strain, which suggests the possibility of a new species within the genus Luteococcus. The heavy metal resistance of the bacteria was tested against cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, nickel, and zinc. The great majority of the strains were tolerant of the highest level of chromium and nickel tested and had slightly inhibitory effects of mercury and cadmium. Of the strains examined, the widest range of resistance was shown by the Acinetobacter sp. Z2T15. The results of this work demonstrate that the marine sedentary fish microbiota of a species such as M. barbatus serves as a significant ecological indicator. In addition, a recommendation of M. barbatus as a good sentinel for the monitoring of heavy metal contamination within the Black Sea is presented. Future genomic work should aim at elucidating the resistance mechanisms as a preface to the full determination of the biotechnological potential of these heavy metal-tolerant bacteria.

Keywords

16S rRNA Gene Sequencing , Minimum Inhibitory Concentration , Acinetobacter , Demersal Fish , Bioindicator Species , Bioremediation Potential

Supporting Institution

The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK)

Project Number

1919B012320509

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