Impact of Dietary Co-Supplementation with Schizochytrium sp. and Lavender Essential Oil on Growth, Digestive Physiology, and Intestinal and Hepatic Histology in Common Carp

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 5, 748 - 759, 30.09.2025

Metin Yazıcı , Mehmet Naz , Yavuz Mazlum , Çiğdem Ürkü , Musa Türkmen , Kemal Dede

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1759435

Abstract

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with marine microalgae (Schizochytrium sp.) and lavender (Lavandula intermedia) essential oil on growth performance, biochemical composition, digestive enzyme activity, and histological parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). A total of 480 fish were randomly assigned to four dietary treatment groups for 8 weeks: a control group (SL0; 0% Schizochytrium sp., 0% lavender oil), and three experimental groups supplemented with 1% Schizochytrium sp. + 0.5% lavender oil (SL1), 2% Schizochytrium sp. + 0.5% lavender oil (SL2), and 4% Schizochytrium sp. + 0.5% lavender oil (SL4). Growth performance data including final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate were significantly higher in the SL2 group (p < 0.05), which also exhibited the highest survival rate. Compared to the initial values, significant differences were observed in the whole-body biochemical composition among groups (p < 0.05), with SL2 showing the lowest protein and ash contents, and SL1 the lowest lipid level. The biochemical composition of the diets showed significant differences in protein, lipid, and ash contents among the experimental groups (p < 0.05). Histomorphometric analysis showed significant improvements in villus height, tunica muscularis thickness, and villus width in the SL2 group. Histological evaluation of the liver and intestine demonstrated dose-dependent lipid accumulation, with the 4% group showing increased lipid droplets and mild hepatocyte alterations. While protease activity did not differ significantly among treatment groups (p> 0.05), protease inhibition was significantly reduced in the SL2 and SL4 groups (p < 0.05), indicating improved digestive efficiency. Overall, the SL2 group enhanced growth, survival, and intestinal structure without compromising enzyme activity in common carp, suggesting its potential as a functional feed additive in sustainable aquaculture.

Keywords

biochemaical composition , Cyprinus carpio , histology , Lavandula intermedia microalgae

Schizochytrium sp. ve Lavanta Esansiyel Yağının Diyette Birlikte Kullanımının Sazan Balığında Büyüme, Sindirim Fizyolojisi, Bağırsak ve Karaciğer Histolojisi Üzerindeki Etkisi

Abstract

Bu çalışma, denizel mikroalg olan Schizochytrium sp. ve lavanta (Lavandula intermedia) esansiyel yağı ile yapılan diyet takviyesinin, sazan balıklarında (Cyprinus carpio) büyüme performansı, biyokimyasal kompozisyon, sindirim enzim aktivitesi ve histolojik parametreler üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Toplam 480 balık, 8 hafta boyunca rastgele olarak dört farklı muamele grubuna dağıtılmıştır: Kontrol grubu (SL0; %0 Schizochytrium sp., %0 lavanta yağı) ve üç deneysel grup SL1 grubu (%1 Schizochytrium sp. + %0,5 lavanta yağı), SL2 grubu (%2 Schizochytrium sp. + %0,5 lavanta yağı) ve SL4 grubu (%4 Schizochytrium sp. + %0,5 lavanta yağı). Büyüme performansı verileri incelendiğinde, nihai ağırlık, ağırlık artışı ve spesifik büyüme oranı bakımından SL2 grup istatistiksel olarak en yüksek değerlere ulaşmış ve aynı zamanda en yüksek yaşama oranını göstermiştir (p < 0.05). Başlangıç değerleriyle karşılaştırıldığında, gruplar arasında tüm vücut biyokimyasal bileşiminde anlamlı farklılıklar gözlemlenmiştir (p < 0.05); en düşük protein ve kül değerleri SL2 grubunda, en düşük lipit düzeyi ise SL1 grubunda kaydedilmiştir. Yemlerin biyokimyasal bileşimi açısından değerlendirildiğinde, gruplar arasında protein, lipit ve kül içerikleri bakımından anlamlı farklılıklar gözlemlenmiştir (p < 0.05). Histomorfometrik analizde, SL2 grubunda villus yüksekliği, tunika muskularis kalınlığı ve villus genişliğinde önemli artışlar gözlenmiştir. Karaciğer ve bağırsak histolojisine yönelik değerlendirmelerde, doza bağlı olarak lipit birikiminin arttığı görülmüş; özellikle SL4 grubunda daha fazla lipit damlacıkları ve hafif hepatosit değişimleri saptanmıştır. Proteaz aktivitesi gruplar arasında istatistiksel farklılık göstermemiştir (p > 0.05), ancak SL2 ve SL4 gruplarında uygulanan diyetlerde proteaz inhibisyonu anlamlı şekilde azalmıştır (p < 0.05). Bu durum, sindirim etkinliğinde iyileşmeye işaret etmektedir. Genel olarak, SL2 grubu sazanlarda, büyüme, yaşama oranı ve bağırsak yapısını geliştirmiş; enzim aktivitesinde herhangi bir bozulmaya yol açmamıştır. Bu sonuçlar, söz konusu kombinasyonun sürdürülebilir su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinde fonksiyonel yem katkı maddesi olarak potansiyele sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

biyokimyasal kompozisyon , Cyprinus carpio , histoloji , Lavandula intermedia mikroalg , Lavandula intermedia , mikroalg

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