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Isolation of Aeromonas sobria from Fish, Determination of Antibiotic Resistances and Genotyping

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 6, 832 - 837
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1748544

Abstract

This study aimed to isolate Aeromonas sobria strains from fish, determine their antibiotic resistance profiles, and assess their phylogenetic similarities. In 2023, 100 fish samples were collected from the Izmir region. Isolates were identified using the VITEK-2 automated system, while antibiotic resistance was evaluated through the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique. Genotyping was performed using the RAPD-PCR method. Among the samples, 11% tested positive for A. sobria. Antibiograms revealed the highest resistance to ampicillin and amoxicillin (90.9%), while enrofloxacin demonstrated the highest sensitivity (72.7%). Genotyping identified 11 distinct genotypes, with phylogenetic similarities ranging from 17% to 92%. The findings highlight the zoonotic potential and diverse resistance patterns of A. sobria , emphasizing the importance of selecting appropriate antimicrobials for treatment.

References

  • Ahmed, S.A., Abd El-Rahman, G.I., Behairy, A., Beheiry, R.R., Hendam, B.M., Alsubaie, F.M., & Khalil, S.R. (2020). Influence of feeding quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) seeds and prickly pear fruit (Opuntia ficus indica) peel on the immune response and resistance to Aeromonas sobria infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Animals, 10(12), 2266. DOI: 10.3390/ani10122266
  • Aravena-Román, M., Inglis, T.J.J., Henderson, B., Riley, T.V., & Chang, B.J. (2012). Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Aeromonas strains isolated from clinical and environmental sources to 26 antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 56(2), 1110-1112. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.05387-11
  • Balta, F. (2020). Determination of the antimicrobial susceptibilities of Aeromonas spp. isolated from rainbow trout farms on the Fırtına River. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 5(3), 397-407. DOI: 10.35229/jaes.785447
  • Bauer, A.W., Kirby, W.M.M., Sherris, J.C., & Turck, M. (1966). Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 45(4), 493-496.
  • CLSI. (2014). Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests; Approved standard- Eleventh edition. CLSI document M02-A11. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA.
  • Çiftci, A., Onuk, E.E., Çiftci, G., Fındık, A., Söğüt, M.Ü., & Gülhan, T. (2015). Comparative analysis of phenotypic and genotypic properties of Aeromonas sobria strains isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1972). Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(4), 585–592. DOI: 10.9775/kvfd.2015.12977
  • Dubey, S., Maiti, B., Girisha, S.K., Das, R., Lamkhannat, M., Mutoloki, S., & Munang'andu, H.M. (2021). Aeromonas species obtained from different farmed aquatic species in India and Taiwan show high phenotypic relatedness despite species diversity. BMC Research Notes, 14(1), 1-8. DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05716-3
  • Duman, M. (2017). Gökkuşağı alabalıklarında görülen Motil aeromonas (Aeromonas hydrophila, A. sobria, A. caviae), Yersinia ruckeri ve Lactococcus garvieae bakterilerinin antimikrobiyal duyarlılıkları ve duyarlılıkta rol oynayan genlerin tespiti. Doktora Tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bursa.
  • Durmaz, Y., & Türk, N. (2009). Alabalık işletmelerinden motil aeromonasların izolasyonu ve antibiyotiklere duyarlılıklarının saptanması. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(3), 357-361. DOI: 10.9775/kvfd.2008.121-A
  • Gauthier, J., Figueira, V., Gonçalves, A., Lamy, B., & Freitas, A.I. (2017). Aeromonas sobria as an emerging pathogen: Virulence and antimicrobial resistance. Microorganisms, 5(3), 38. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5030038
  • Gauthier, J., Vincent, A. T., Charette, S. J., & Derome, N. (2017). Strong genomic and phenotypic heterogeneity in the Aeromonas sobria species complex. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8, 2434. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02434
  • Guz, L., & Kozinska, A. (2004). Antibiotic susceptibility of Aeromonas hydrophila and A. sobria isolated from farmed carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy, 48, 391-395.
  • Majeed, S., De Silva, L. A. D. S., Kumarage, P. M., & Heo, G. J. (2023). Occurrence of potential virulence determinants in Aeromonas spp. isolated from different aquatic environments. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 134(3), 1-12. DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad031
  • Majtán, J., Černy, J., Ofúkaná, A., Takáč, P., & Kozánek, M. (2012). Mortality of therapeutic fish Garra rufa caused by Aeromonas sobria. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2(2), 85- 87. DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60197-4
  • Onuk, E.E., Tanrıverdi Çaycı, Y., Çoban, A.Y., Çiftci, A., Balta, F., Didinen, B.I., & Altun, S. (2017). Balık ve yetiştirme suyu kökenli Aeromonas izolatlarının antimikrobiyal duyarlılıklarının saptanması. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 64, 69-73. DOI: 10.1501/Vetfak_0000002777
  • Savaşan, S., & Göksoy, E.Ö. (2018). Taze peynirlerden izole edilen Escherichia coli suşlarının genotiplendirilmesi. Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 29(2), 127-135.
  • Soliman, M.K., Nageeb, H.M., Aboyadak, I.M., & Ali, N.G. (2022). Treatment of MAS caused by Aeromonas sobria in European seabass. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 26(5), 535-556. DOI: 10.21608/EJABF.2022.264476
  • Song, P., Deng, J., Hou, T., Fu, X., Zhang, L., Sun, L., & Liu, Y. (2019). Aeromonas sobria peritonitis in a peritoneal dialysis patient: A case report and review of the literature. BMC Nephrology, 20, 1- 5. DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1361-7
  • Şahin, A.G., San, A.T., Gürçay, S., & Alkan, S.M. (2019). Green terror (Andinoacara rivulatus) balığından izole edilen Aeromonas sobria’nın antibiyotik duyarlılığının belirlenmesi. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 36(3), 265-269. DOI: 10.12714/egejfas.2019.36.3.07
  • Versalovic, J., Koeuth, T., & Lupski, J.R. (1991). Distribution of repetitive DNA sequences to fingerprinting of bacterial genomes. Nucleic Acids Research, 19(24), 6823-6831. DOI: 10.1093/nar/19.24.6823
  • Ye, J.X., Qian, Y.F., Lan, W.Q., & Xie, J. (2023). Evaluation of antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of kojic acid against Aeromonas sobria and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Journal of Food Quality, 1-10. DOI: 10.1155/2023/2531438
  • Zhang, D., Li, W., Hu, X., Huang, H., & Zhang, X. (2023). Accurate identification and virulence detection of Aeromonas: A single-center retrospective study on clinical features and outcomes associated with Aeromonas bacteremia in southwestern China. Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases, 76(1), 7-13. DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2022.101
  • Zhang, W., Li, Z., Yang, H., Wang, G., Liu, G., Wang, Y., …, & Dong, J. (2021). Aeromonas sobria induces proinflammatory cytokine production in mouse macrophages via activating NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 11, 691445. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.691445.

Balıklardan Aeromonas sobria İzolasyonu, Antibiyotik Dirençliliklerinin Belirlenmesi ve Genotiplendirilmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 6, 832 - 837
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1748544

Abstract

Bu çalışma, balıklardan Aeromonas sobria suşlarını izole etmeyi, antibiyotik direnç profillerini belirlemeyi ve filogenetik benzerliklerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. 2023 yılında İzmir bölgesinden 100 balık örneği toplanmıştır. İzolatların tanımlanması VITEK-2 otomatik sistemi kullanılarak yapılmış, antibiyotik dirençleri ise Kirby-Bauer disk difüzyon tekniği ile değerlendirilmiştir. Genotiplendirme, RAPD-PCR yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Örneklerin %11’inde A. sobria pozitifliği saptanmıştır. Antibiyogram sonuçları, en yüksek direncin ampisilin ve amoksisiline karşı (%90,9) olduğunu, en yüksek duyarlılığın ise enrofloksasine karşı (%72,7) olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Genotiplendirme sonucunda 11 farklı genotip belirlenmiş olup, filogenetik benzerlik oranları %17 ile %92 arasında değişmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, A. sobria’nın zoonotik potansiyelini ve çeşitli direnç desenlerini ortaya koymakta; tedavi için uygun antimikrobiyal ajanların seçiminin önemini vurgulamaktadır.

References

  • Ahmed, S.A., Abd El-Rahman, G.I., Behairy, A., Beheiry, R.R., Hendam, B.M., Alsubaie, F.M., & Khalil, S.R. (2020). Influence of feeding quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) seeds and prickly pear fruit (Opuntia ficus indica) peel on the immune response and resistance to Aeromonas sobria infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Animals, 10(12), 2266. DOI: 10.3390/ani10122266
  • Aravena-Román, M., Inglis, T.J.J., Henderson, B., Riley, T.V., & Chang, B.J. (2012). Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Aeromonas strains isolated from clinical and environmental sources to 26 antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 56(2), 1110-1112. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.05387-11
  • Balta, F. (2020). Determination of the antimicrobial susceptibilities of Aeromonas spp. isolated from rainbow trout farms on the Fırtına River. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 5(3), 397-407. DOI: 10.35229/jaes.785447
  • Bauer, A.W., Kirby, W.M.M., Sherris, J.C., & Turck, M. (1966). Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 45(4), 493-496.
  • CLSI. (2014). Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests; Approved standard- Eleventh edition. CLSI document M02-A11. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA.
  • Çiftci, A., Onuk, E.E., Çiftci, G., Fındık, A., Söğüt, M.Ü., & Gülhan, T. (2015). Comparative analysis of phenotypic and genotypic properties of Aeromonas sobria strains isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1972). Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(4), 585–592. DOI: 10.9775/kvfd.2015.12977
  • Dubey, S., Maiti, B., Girisha, S.K., Das, R., Lamkhannat, M., Mutoloki, S., & Munang'andu, H.M. (2021). Aeromonas species obtained from different farmed aquatic species in India and Taiwan show high phenotypic relatedness despite species diversity. BMC Research Notes, 14(1), 1-8. DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05716-3
  • Duman, M. (2017). Gökkuşağı alabalıklarında görülen Motil aeromonas (Aeromonas hydrophila, A. sobria, A. caviae), Yersinia ruckeri ve Lactococcus garvieae bakterilerinin antimikrobiyal duyarlılıkları ve duyarlılıkta rol oynayan genlerin tespiti. Doktora Tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bursa.
  • Durmaz, Y., & Türk, N. (2009). Alabalık işletmelerinden motil aeromonasların izolasyonu ve antibiyotiklere duyarlılıklarının saptanması. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(3), 357-361. DOI: 10.9775/kvfd.2008.121-A
  • Gauthier, J., Figueira, V., Gonçalves, A., Lamy, B., & Freitas, A.I. (2017). Aeromonas sobria as an emerging pathogen: Virulence and antimicrobial resistance. Microorganisms, 5(3), 38. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5030038
  • Gauthier, J., Vincent, A. T., Charette, S. J., & Derome, N. (2017). Strong genomic and phenotypic heterogeneity in the Aeromonas sobria species complex. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8, 2434. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02434
  • Guz, L., & Kozinska, A. (2004). Antibiotic susceptibility of Aeromonas hydrophila and A. sobria isolated from farmed carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy, 48, 391-395.
  • Majeed, S., De Silva, L. A. D. S., Kumarage, P. M., & Heo, G. J. (2023). Occurrence of potential virulence determinants in Aeromonas spp. isolated from different aquatic environments. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 134(3), 1-12. DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad031
  • Majtán, J., Černy, J., Ofúkaná, A., Takáč, P., & Kozánek, M. (2012). Mortality of therapeutic fish Garra rufa caused by Aeromonas sobria. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2(2), 85- 87. DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60197-4
  • Onuk, E.E., Tanrıverdi Çaycı, Y., Çoban, A.Y., Çiftci, A., Balta, F., Didinen, B.I., & Altun, S. (2017). Balık ve yetiştirme suyu kökenli Aeromonas izolatlarının antimikrobiyal duyarlılıklarının saptanması. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 64, 69-73. DOI: 10.1501/Vetfak_0000002777
  • Savaşan, S., & Göksoy, E.Ö. (2018). Taze peynirlerden izole edilen Escherichia coli suşlarının genotiplendirilmesi. Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 29(2), 127-135.
  • Soliman, M.K., Nageeb, H.M., Aboyadak, I.M., & Ali, N.G. (2022). Treatment of MAS caused by Aeromonas sobria in European seabass. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 26(5), 535-556. DOI: 10.21608/EJABF.2022.264476
  • Song, P., Deng, J., Hou, T., Fu, X., Zhang, L., Sun, L., & Liu, Y. (2019). Aeromonas sobria peritonitis in a peritoneal dialysis patient: A case report and review of the literature. BMC Nephrology, 20, 1- 5. DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1361-7
  • Şahin, A.G., San, A.T., Gürçay, S., & Alkan, S.M. (2019). Green terror (Andinoacara rivulatus) balığından izole edilen Aeromonas sobria’nın antibiyotik duyarlılığının belirlenmesi. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 36(3), 265-269. DOI: 10.12714/egejfas.2019.36.3.07
  • Versalovic, J., Koeuth, T., & Lupski, J.R. (1991). Distribution of repetitive DNA sequences to fingerprinting of bacterial genomes. Nucleic Acids Research, 19(24), 6823-6831. DOI: 10.1093/nar/19.24.6823
  • Ye, J.X., Qian, Y.F., Lan, W.Q., & Xie, J. (2023). Evaluation of antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of kojic acid against Aeromonas sobria and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Journal of Food Quality, 1-10. DOI: 10.1155/2023/2531438
  • Zhang, D., Li, W., Hu, X., Huang, H., & Zhang, X. (2023). Accurate identification and virulence detection of Aeromonas: A single-center retrospective study on clinical features and outcomes associated with Aeromonas bacteremia in southwestern China. Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases, 76(1), 7-13. DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2022.101
  • Zhang, W., Li, Z., Yang, H., Wang, G., Liu, G., Wang, Y., …, & Dong, J. (2021). Aeromonas sobria induces proinflammatory cytokine production in mouse macrophages via activating NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 11, 691445. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.691445.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Bacteriology, Veterinary Microbiology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Neslihan Kavak 0000-0002-0846-8869

Serap Savaşan 0000-0002-9826-077X

Çağatay Nuhay 0000-0002-1475-3041

Early Pub Date November 15, 2025
Publication Date November 26, 2025
Submission Date July 23, 2025
Acceptance Date October 20, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 10 Issue: 6

Cite

APA Kavak, N., Savaşan, S., & Nuhay, Ç. (2025). Isolation of Aeromonas sobria from Fish, Determination of Antibiotic Resistances and Genotyping. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 10(6), 832-837. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1748544


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