Kuraklık ve toprak özellikleri arasındaki mekansal ilişki

Abstract

Kuraklık, dünyanın hemen hemen her bölgesinde tarım için en ciddi fiziksel tehlikedir. Aynı zamanda ülkelerin ekonomilerini ve çevreyi etkileyen en önemli doğal afettir. Uzamsal dağılımı ve etki alanı nedeniyle, uzaktan algılama ve coğrafi bilgi sistemlerinin (GIS) tarımsal kuraklığın tespiti, değerlendirilmesi ve yönetimindeki rolü giderek daha önemli hale gelmektedir. NDVI (Normalleştirilmiş Fark Bitki Örtüsü Endeksi) ve diğer bitki endeksleri, bitki örtüsündeki değişikliklerin izlenmesi ve tarımsal kuraklık oluşum eğiliminin belirlenmesi gibi çalışmalarda kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, mevcut ve erişilebilir veriler yardımıyla GIS ve uzaktan algılama tekniklerini kullanarak iki devlet tarım çiftliğinin (Altınova ve Polatlı) kuraklığa duyarlı tarım alanlarını belirlemektir. Bu çalışmada, NDVI (2000-2014) değerleri, toprak araştırma haritalarından elde edilen toprak özellikleri verileriyle ilişkilendirilmiştir. NDVI ile yapılan korelasyon analizi, su tutma kapasitesi, solma noktası, tarla kapasitesi ve nem parametrelerinin bazı yıllarda %1 ve %5 anlamlılık düzeylerinde pozitif ilişki gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. NDVI ile toprak özellikleri arasındaki ilişkinin yağışın fazla olduğu yıllarda zayıf, yağışın az olduğu yıllarda ise daha güçlü olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Su tutma kapasitesi, solma noktası, tarla kapasitesi ve nem parametreleri gibi bazı toprak özellikleri, yağışların belirli bir seviyenin altına düştüğü durumlarda bitkileri destekleyici etkiye sahiptir, bu da pozitif korelasyonu ve istatistiksel anlamlılığı doğrulamaktadır. Ayrıca, kuraklığa duyarlı bölgelerin kuraklık yıllarında çok daha fazla etkilendiği gözlemlenmiştir.

Keywords

• Tarımsal kuraklık
• Vejetasyon indeksleri
• Mkenasal kuraklık değişimi

The Spatial Relationship Between Drought and Soil Properties

Abstract

Drought is one of the most critical environmental constraints affecting agricultural production, particularly in semi-arid regions. Understanding the interaction between soil properties and vegetation response is essential for identifying drought-prone areas. This study aims to investigate the relationship between soil hydraulic properties and vegetation dynamics under different rainfall conditions using remote sensing and GIS techniques. The study was conducted in two state agricultural farms (Altınova and Polatlı) located in Central Anatolia, Türkiye. NDVI data derived from MODIS satellite imagery for the period 2000–2014 were integrated with digital soil maps obtained from detailed soil survey studies. Soil water holding capacity, field capacity, wilting point and soil moisture parameters were calculated using the SPAW model and correlated with NDVI values for each year. The results indicate that NDVI shows statistically significant positive correlations (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) with soil water holding capacity, field capacity and wilting point in dry years, whereas these relationships weaken in years with higher precipitation. This suggests that soil properties play a more dominant role in controlling vegetation growth under water-limited conditions. The findings demonstrate that integrating NDVI with soil hydraulic properties improves the identification of drought-sensitive agricultural areas and provides valuable information for drought risk assessment and land management in semi-arid environments.

Keywords

• Agricultural drought
• Vegetation index
• Drought spatial variability

Supporting Institution

This research received no external funding.

Ethical Statement

In the study, the authors declare that there is no violation of research and publication ethics and that the study does not require ethics committee approval.

Thanks

This research was prepared as part of the project “Identification of Drought-Prone Areas and Creation of Maps in the Central Anatolia Region,” supported by the General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies.

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