Domates sarı yaprak kıvırcıklık virüsü (Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, TYLCV): Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi domates üretim alanlarında önemi artan bir virüs

Year 2024, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 115 - 125, 18.12.2024

Mehmet Zeki Kızmaz

Abstract

Domates (Solanum lycopersicum L.) dünya genelinde en çok yetiştirilen sebzeler arasında yer almaktadır. İnsan beslenmesinde kullanılmasının yanı sıra çeşitli endüstri kollarında hammadde olarak kullanılmaktadır. Diğer kültür bitkilerinde olduğu gibi domates yetiştiriciliğinde de hastalıklar ve zararlılar önemli ekonomik kayıplara yol açmaktadır. Virüs hastalıkları, domates üretimini sınırlayan en önemli patojenler arasında kabul edilmekte ve bugüne kadar domates bitkisiyle ilişkili 312 virüs, satellite virüs ve viroid (22 familya ve 39 cinste) tespit edilmiştir. Domates bitkisini enfekte eden Begomovirus türleri arasında, ekonomik açıdan en önemli ve yaygın olduğu bilinen virüs, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) olarak tanımlanmaktadır. TYLCV ile enfekte olmuş duyarlı çeşitlerde, bodurluk, yaprakların yukarı doğru kıvrılması, kloroz ve yaprak boyutunda azalma gibi karakteristik belirtiler gözlemlenmekte ve %100’e varan ciddi verim kayıpları bildirilmiştir. TYLCV ilk olarak 1930'larda İsrail'in Ürdün Vadisi'nde tespit edilmesinden sonra uluslararası ticaretin artması, bu virüsün Türkiye ve Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi dahil olmak üzere domates üretiminin yapıldığı tüm bölgelere yayılmasına neden olmuştur. Küresel ısınmanın neden olduğu iklim değişikliği ile birlikte, virüsün vektörü olan beyaz sinek (Bemisia tabaci) popülasyonlarındaki artış ve bilinçsiz insektisit kullanımı sonucunda beyaz sineklerde direnç oluşması, TYLCV’yi Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi için giderek daha önemli bir viral etmen haline getirmiştir. Bu derlemede, domates yetiştiriciliği için en önemli viral patojen olarak kabul edilen TYLCV’nin ekonomik önemi, taşınma yolları ve oluşturduğu belirtiler hakkında bilgiler sunulmakta ve uygulanabilecek mücadele yöntemleri üzerinde durularak oluşabilecek verim kayıplarının önlenmesi hedeflenmektedir.

Keywords

Bitki, Virüs, Domates, TYLCV, Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi

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