Google Bard Generated Literature Review: Metaverse

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 1 - 14, 31.12.2023

Ömer Aydın

https://doi.org/10.61969/jai.1311271

Cited By: 26

Abstract

Literature review articles aim to present studies in a field to researchers in a regular, systematic and meaningful way. It is often a very difficult process to reach all the studies in the field to be reviewed or to identify and evaluate the important ones. With this study, the use of Artificial Intelligence robots and moreover generative artificial intelligence in literature review processes is evaluated. Google Bard was used to detect artificial intelligence's ability to generate a literature review article. First, Bard was asked questions to write about some of the Metaverse-related topics in this article. Some of the texts in the study were generated entirely by the answers given to the questions asked by Bard. In addition, 10 articles on Metaverse published in the last three years (2021, 2022 and 2023) were collected by searching Google Scholar with the word "Metaverse". Afterwards, these studies were interpreted by Bard. Bard was told to paraphrase the summary parts of the related studies and the produced texts were shared in the study. All produced texts were checked through ithenticate and the results were evaluated. In addition, the texts were evaluated semantically. Additionally, a comparison with the capabilities of OpenAI ChatGPT is given. The results are promising; However, it was observed that the plagiarism matching rate of the paraphrased texts was higher when compared to the answers given to the questions. This article is an experiment to show that the collection and expression of knowledge can be accelerated with the help of artificial intelligence. It is considered that the relevant tools will be used more and more effectively in academic literature in the future.

Keywords

Google, Google Bard, Lambda, OpenAI ChatGPT, Artificial Intelligence, Metaverse, Academic writing, literature review

References

• Aguilar, N. (2023) Want to Try Google's New AI Chatbot? Here's How to Sign Up for Bard. CNET. https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/want-to-try-googles-new-ai-chatbot-heres-how-to-sign-up-for-bard/. Access date: 17.05.2023
• Ağralı, Ö. & Aydın, Ö. (2021). Tweet Classification and Sentiment Analysis on Metaverse Related Messages. Journal of Metaverse, 1 (1), 25-30. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jmv/issue/67581/1051384
• Aydın, Ö, Karaarslan, E. (2023) Is ChatGPT Leading Generative AI? What is Beyond Expectations?
• Aydın, Ö., Karaarslan, E. (2022). OpenAI ChatGPT Generated Literature Review: Digital Twin in Healthcare. In Ö. Aydın (Ed.), Emerging Computer Technologies 2 (pp. 22-31). İzmir Akademi Dernegi.
• Chengoden, R., Victor, N., Huynh-The, T., Yenduri, G., Jhaveri, R. H., Alazab, M., ... & Gadekallu, T. R. (2022). Metaverse for Healthcare: A Survey on Potential Applications, Challenges and Future Directions. arXiv preprint arXiv:2209.04160.
• Damar, M. (2021). Metaverse shape of your life for future: A bibliometric snapshot. Journal of Metaverse, 1(1), 1-8.
• Han, J., Liu, G., & Gao, Y. (2023). Learners in the Metaverse: A systematic review on the use of roblox in learning. Education Sciences, 13(3), 296.
• Kaddoura, S., & Al Husseiny, F. (2023). The rising trend of Metaverse in education: Challenges, opportunities, and ethical considerations. PeerJ Computer Science, 9, e1252.
• Kalyvaki, M. (2023). Navigating the Metaverse Business and Legal Challenges: Intellectual Property, Privacy, and Jurisdiction. Journal of Metaverse, 3 (1), 87-92. DOI: 10.57019/jmv.1238344
• Kasneci, E., Seßler, K., Küchemann, S., Bannert, M., Dementieva, D., Fischer, F., ... & Kasneci, G. (2023). ChatGPT for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education. Learning and Individual Differences, 103, 102274.
• Kye, B., Han, N., Kim, E., Park, Y., & Jo, S. (2021). Educational applications of metaverse: possibilities and limitations. Journal of educational evaluation for health professions, 18.
• Laeeq, K. (2022). Metaverse: why, how and what. How and What.
• Libório, M. P., Martins, C. A. P., Laudares, S., & Ekel, P. I. (2023). Method of preparing an international and national literature review for novice researchers. MethodsX, 102165.
• Lo, C. K. (2023). What is the impact of ChatGPT on education? A rapid review of the literature. Education Sciences, 13(4), 410.
• Mystakidis, S. (2022). Metaverse. Encyclopedia, 2(1), 486-497.
• Narin, N. G. (2021). A content analysis of the metaverse articles. Journal of Metaverse, 1(1), 17-24.
• Ning, H., Wang, H., Lin, Y., Wang, W., Dhelim, S., Farha, F., ... & Daneshmand, M. (2023). A Survey on the Metaverse: The State-of-the-Art, Technologies, Applications, and Challenges. IEEE Internet of Things Journal.
• Park, S. M., & Kim, Y. G. (2022). A metaverse: taxonomy, components, applications, and open challenges. IEEE access, 10, 4209-4251.
• Patrizio A (2023). Google Bard. TechTarget. https://www.techtarget.com/searchenterpriseai/definition/Google-Bard Access date: 17.05.2023
• Rahaman, M. S., Ahsan, M. M., Anjum, N., Rahman, M. M., & Rahman, M. N. (2023). The AI race is on! Google's Bard and OpenAI's ChatGPT head to head: an opinion article. Mizanur and Rahman, Md Nafizur, The AI Race is on.
• Rahman, K. R., Shitol, S. K., Islam, M. S., Iftekhar, K. T. & Saha, P. (2023b). Use of Metaverse Technology in Education Domain. Journal of Metaverse, 3 (1), 79-86. DOI: 10.57019/jmv.1223704
• Rahman, M., Terano, H. J. R., Rahman, N., Salamzadeh, A., Rahaman, S. (2023a). ChatGPT and Academic Research: A Review and Recommendations Based on Practical Examples. Journal of Education, Management and Development Studies. 3(1). 1-12. Doi: 10.52631/jemds.v3i1.175
• Ram, B., & Pratima Verma, P. V. (2023). Artificial intelligence AI-based Chatbot study of ChatGPT, Google AI Bard and Baidu AI. World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences, 8(01), 258-261.
• Talan, T., & Kalinkara, Y. (2022). Students' Opinions about the Educational Use of the Metaverse. International Journal of Technology in Education and Science, 6(2), 333-346.
• Talan, T., & Kalinkara, Y. (2023a). The role of artificial intelligence in higher education: ChatGPT assessment for anatomy course. Uluslararası Yönetim Bilişim Sistemleri ve Bilgisayar Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 33-40.
• Wang, Y., Su, Z., Zhang, N., Xing, R., Liu, D., Luan, T. H., & Shen, X. (2022). A survey on metaverse: Fundamentals, security, and privacy. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.
• Yang, Q., Zhao, Y., Huang, H., Xiong, Z., Kang, J., & Zheng, Z. (2022). Fusing blockchain and AI with metaverse: A survey. IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society, 3, 122-136.