Research Article

A Dual-Channel Transfer Learning Benchmark for Cardiomegaly Detection: CNN and Vision Transformer Evaluation on PadChest

Volume: 6 Number: 1 June 29, 2026
EN TR

A Dual-Channel Transfer Learning Benchmark for Cardiomegaly Detection: CNN and Vision Transformer Evaluation on PadChest

Abstract

Automated detection of cardiomegaly in chest radiographs remains challenging when classification frameworks are optimized to detect multiple thoracic pathologies simultaneously. To address this limitation, this study proposes a dual-channel transfer learning framework for binary cardiomegaly classification. The framework is evaluated on a subset of the PadChest dataset consisting of 1,413 posteroanterior chest radiographs with radiologist-verified ground-truth annotations. The proposed framework employs a dual-channel input configuration in which the first channel represents the original grayscale radiograph, while the second channel incorporates expert-annotated cardiac region masks. This design enables the simultaneous extraction of global radiographic features and spatially localized pathological information. Transfer learning was applied across a systematic set of deep architectures, including ResNet and DenseNet variants as well as Vision Transformer–based models. The effects of structured preprocessing techniques—including CLAHE, gamma correction, and negative transformation—together with online data augmentation strategies were systematically evaluated across all architectures. Experimental results demonstrate that the dual-channel configuration, combined with augmentation, achieves classification accuracy of up to 0.99 with balanced sensitivity and specificity for ResNet-based models, substantially outperforming single-channel baselines. These findings establish a reproducible methodological framework for spatially guided cardiomegaly detection and provide a clinically validated benchmark for future comparative studies.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Pattern Recognition, Deep Learning

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

June 29, 2026

Submission Date

April 1, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 29, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 6 Number: 1

APA
Ayanoğlu, M. M., Fetiler, B., Ateş, G., Temizel, R., Baş, A., & Kılıç, V. (2026). A Dual-Channel Transfer Learning Benchmark for Cardiomegaly Detection: CNN and Vision Transformer Evaluation on PadChest. Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, 6(1), 64-75. https://izlik.org/JA55ZJ59DS
AMA
1.Ayanoğlu MM, Fetiler B, Ateş G, Temizel R, Baş A, Kılıç V. A Dual-Channel Transfer Learning Benchmark for Cardiomegaly Detection: CNN and Vision Transformer Evaluation on PadChest. Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science. 2026;6(1):64-75. https://izlik.org/JA55ZJ59DS
Chicago
Ayanoğlu, Mustafa Melik, Bengü Fetiler, Güven Ateş, Rudi Temizel, Ahmet Baş, and Volkan Kılıç. 2026. “A Dual-Channel Transfer Learning Benchmark for Cardiomegaly Detection: CNN and Vision Transformer Evaluation on PadChest”. Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science 6 (1): 64-75. https://izlik.org/JA55ZJ59DS.
EndNote
Ayanoğlu MM, Fetiler B, Ateş G, Temizel R, Baş A, Kılıç V (June 1, 2026) A Dual-Channel Transfer Learning Benchmark for Cardiomegaly Detection: CNN and Vision Transformer Evaluation on PadChest. Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science 6 1 64–75.
IEEE
[1]M. M. Ayanoğlu, B. Fetiler, G. Ateş, R. Temizel, A. Baş, and V. Kılıç, “A Dual-Channel Transfer Learning Benchmark for Cardiomegaly Detection: CNN and Vision Transformer Evaluation on PadChest”, Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 64–75, June 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA55ZJ59DS
ISNAD
Ayanoğlu, Mustafa Melik - Fetiler, Bengü - Ateş, Güven - Temizel, Rudi - Baş, Ahmet - Kılıç, Volkan. “A Dual-Channel Transfer Learning Benchmark for Cardiomegaly Detection: CNN and Vision Transformer Evaluation on PadChest”. Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science 6/1 (June 1, 2026): 64-75. https://izlik.org/JA55ZJ59DS.
JAMA
1.Ayanoğlu MM, Fetiler B, Ateş G, Temizel R, Baş A, Kılıç V. A Dual-Channel Transfer Learning Benchmark for Cardiomegaly Detection: CNN and Vision Transformer Evaluation on PadChest. Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science. 2026;6:64–75.
MLA
Ayanoğlu, Mustafa Melik, et al. “A Dual-Channel Transfer Learning Benchmark for Cardiomegaly Detection: CNN and Vision Transformer Evaluation on PadChest”. Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, vol. 6, no. 1, June 2026, pp. 64-75, https://izlik.org/JA55ZJ59DS.
Vancouver
1.Mustafa Melik Ayanoğlu, Bengü Fetiler, Güven Ateş, Rudi Temizel, Ahmet Baş, Volkan Kılıç. A Dual-Channel Transfer Learning Benchmark for Cardiomegaly Detection: CNN and Vision Transformer Evaluation on PadChest. Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science [Internet]. 2026 Jun. 1;6(1):64-75. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA55ZJ59DS

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