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Can Psychological Interventions Sprout and Crown Individual and Societal Desired Outcomes for the Older Adults in the COVID-19 Era?

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 49 - 55, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.51819/jaltc.2021.1098650

Abstract

COVID-19 threatens the world by potentially harming individuals, families, and civilizations in the same way that negative changes arise in all epidemics. Several personal changes such as regulation of emotions (anxiety, depression, aggression), internal pressure about changes in social norms and rules, and social isolation make the COVID-19 more complicated. Older adults have been negatively affected by COVID-19. What is occurring is causing anxiety and panic among older individuals in a world where life is reframed with "#stay at home." Individual changes, social isolation practices, and mental health outcomes for older individuals are all discussed in the framework of COVID-19. Previous study findings are reviewed in the context of preventative initiatives for older people.

References

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  • Adams, L. M., Gell, N. M., Hoffman, E. V., Gibbons, L. E., Phelan, E. A., Sturgeon, J. A., Turk, D. C., & Patel, K. V. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 ‘stay home, stay healthy’ orders on function among older adults participating in a community-based, behavioral intervention study. Journal of Aging and Health, 33(7-8), 458-468. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264321991314
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  • Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and initial validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8
  • Bobes-Bascaran, T., Saiz, P. A., Velasco, A., Martinez-Cao, C., Pedrosa, C., Portilla, A., de la Fuente-Tomas, L., Garcia-Alvarez, L., Garcia-Portilla, M. P., & Bobes, J. (2020). Early psychological correlates associated with COVID-19 in a Spanish older adult sample. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28(12), 1287-1298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.09.005
  • Breslau, J., Finucane, M. L., Locker, A. R., Baird, M. D., Roth, E. A., & Collins, R. L. (2021). A longitudinal study of psychological distress in the United States before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Preventive Medicine, 143, 106362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106362
  • Carriedo, A., Cecchini, J. A., Fernandez-Rio, J., & Mendez-Gimenez, A. (2020). COVID-19, psychological well-being and physical activity levels in older adults during the nationwide lockdown in Spain. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28(11), 1146-1155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.08.007
  • Cheng, S. K., Wong, C. W., Tsang, J., & Wong, K. C. (2004). Psychological distress and negative appraisals in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Psychological Medicine, 34(7), 1187-1195. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291704002272
  • Daly, M., & Robinson, E. (2021). Psychological distress and adaptation to the COVID-19 crisis in the United States. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 136, 603-609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.10.035
  • Duan, L., & Zhu, G. (2020). Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), 300-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30073-0
  • Durak, M., & Senol-Durak, E. (2020). “COVID-19 psychology” among older adults: As a grief process. Journal of Aging and Long-Term Care, 3(2), 27-33. https://doi.org/10.51819/jaltc.2020.901148
  • El-Monshed, A. H., El-Adl, A. A., Ali, A. S., & Loutfy, A. (in press). University students under lockdown, the psychosocial effects and coping strategies during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross sectional study in Egypt. Journal of American College Health.
  • Fraser, S., Lagace, M., Bongue, B., Ndeye, N., Guyot, J., Bechard, L., Garcia, L., Taler, V., Inclusion, C. S., Stigma Working, G., Adam, S., Beaulieu, M., Bergeron, C. D., Boudjemadi, V., Desmette, D., Donizzetti, A. R., Ethier, S., Garon, S., Gillis, M., . . . Tougas, F. (2020). Ageism and COVID-19: What does our society's response say about us? Age and Ageing, 49(5), 692-695. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa097
  • Garcia-Portilla, P., de la Fuente Tomas, L., Bobes-Bascaran, T., Jimenez Trevino, L., Zurron Madera, P., Suarez Alvarez, M., Menendez Miranda, I., Garcia Alvarez, L., Saiz Martinez, P. A., & Bobes, J. (2021). Are older adults also at higher psychological risk from COVID-19? Aging & Mental Health, 25(7), 1297-1304. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2020.1805723
  • Gardner, P. J., & Moallef, P. (2015). Psychological impact on SARS survivors: Critical review of the English language literature. Canadian Psychology, 56(1), 123-135. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037973
  • Ishikawa, R. Z. (2020). I may never see the ocean again: Loss and grief among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy, 12(S1), S85-S86. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000695
  • Kang, L., Li, Y., Hu, S., Chen, M., Yang, C., Yang, B. X., Wang, Y., Hu, J., Lai, J., Ma, X., Chen, J., Guan, L., Wang, G., Ma, H., & Liu, Z. (2020). The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(3), e14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30047-X
  • Lau, A. L., Chi, I., Cummins, R. A., Lee, T. M., Chou, K. L., & Chung, L. W. (2008). The SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) pandemic in Hong Kong: Effects on the subjective wellbeing of elderly and younger people. Aging & Mental Health, 12(6), 746-760. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860802380607
  • Ng, S. M., Chan, T. H., Chan, C. L., Lee, A. M., Yau, J. K., Chan, C. H., & Lau, J. (2006). Group debriefing for people with chronic diseases during the sars pandemic: Strength-focused and meaning-oriented approach for resilience and transformation (SMART). Community Mental Health Journal, 42(1), 53-63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-005-9002-y
  • Office for National Statistics. (2020). Coronavirus (COVID-19). https://www.ons.gov.uk
  • Petretto, D. R., & Pili, R. (2020). Ageing and COVID-19: What is the role for elderly people? Geriatrics (Basel), 5(2), 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics5020025
  • Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B., & Xu, Y. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. Gen Psychiatr, 33(2), e100213. https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213
  • Schrack, J. A., Wanigatunga, A. A., & Juraschek, S. P. (2020). After the COVID-19 pandemic: The next wave of health challenges for older adults. Journals of Gerontology. Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 75(9), e121-e122. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa102
  • Servello, A., & Ettorre, E. (2020). COVID-19: The Italian viral "Gerocide" of the 21st century. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 89, 104111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2020.104111
  • Sher, L. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates. QJM, 113(10), 707-712. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa202
  • Soraa, R. A., Manzi, F., Kharas, M. W., Marchetti, A., Massaro, D., Riva, G., & Serrano, J. A. (2020). Othering and deprioritizing older adults’ lives: Ageist discourses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 16(4), 532-541. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v16i4.4127
  • Taha, S., Matheson, K., Cronin, T., & Anisman, H. (2014). Intolerance of uncertainty, appraisals, coping, and anxiety: the case of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. British Journal of Health Psychology, 19(3), 592-605. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12058
  • Tyrrell, C. J., & Williams, K. N. (2020). The paradox of social distancing: Implications for older adults in the context of COVID-19. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy, 12(S1), S214-S216. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000845
  • Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1729-1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
  • Wang, Y., Kala, M. P., & Jafar, T. H. (2020). Factors associated with psychological distress during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the predominantly general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS One, 15(12), e0244630. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244630
  • Whitehead, B. R., & Torossian, E. (2021). Older adults’ experience of the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed-methods analysis of stresses and joys. Gerontologist, 61(1), 36-47. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnaa126
  • Wu, Z., & McGoogan, J. M. (2020). Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a report of 72314 cases from the Chinese center for disease control oand prevention. JAMA, 323(13), 1239-1242. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.2648
  • Zhang, J., Lu, H., Zeng, H., Zhang, S., Du, Q., Jiang, T., & Du, B. (2020). The differential psychological distress of populations affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87, 49-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.031
Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 49 - 55, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.51819/jaltc.2021.1098650

Abstract

References

  • Aakhus, E., Flottorp, S. A., & Oxman, A. D. (2012). Implementing evidence-based guidelines for managing depression in elderly patients: A Norwegian perspective. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 21(3), 237-240. https://doi.org/10.1017/S204579601200025X
  • Abe, Y., Fujise, N., Fukunaga, R., Nakagawa, Y., & Ikeda, M. (2012). Comparisons of the prevalence of and risk factors for elderly depression between urban and rural populations in Japan. International Psychogeriatrics, 24(8), 1235-1241. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610212000099
  • Adams, L. M., Gell, N. M., Hoffman, E. V., Gibbons, L. E., Phelan, E. A., Sturgeon, J. A., Turk, D. C., & Patel, K. V. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 ‘stay home, stay healthy’ orders on function among older adults participating in a community-based, behavioral intervention study. Journal of Aging and Health, 33(7-8), 458-468. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264321991314
  • Adepoju, O. E., Chae, M., Woodard, L., Smith, K. L., Herrera, L., Han, D., Howard, D. L., Dobbins, J., & Ory, M. (2021). Correlates of social isolation among community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 702965. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.702965
  • Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and initial validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8
  • Bobes-Bascaran, T., Saiz, P. A., Velasco, A., Martinez-Cao, C., Pedrosa, C., Portilla, A., de la Fuente-Tomas, L., Garcia-Alvarez, L., Garcia-Portilla, M. P., & Bobes, J. (2020). Early psychological correlates associated with COVID-19 in a Spanish older adult sample. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28(12), 1287-1298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.09.005
  • Breslau, J., Finucane, M. L., Locker, A. R., Baird, M. D., Roth, E. A., & Collins, R. L. (2021). A longitudinal study of psychological distress in the United States before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Preventive Medicine, 143, 106362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106362
  • Carriedo, A., Cecchini, J. A., Fernandez-Rio, J., & Mendez-Gimenez, A. (2020). COVID-19, psychological well-being and physical activity levels in older adults during the nationwide lockdown in Spain. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28(11), 1146-1155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.08.007
  • Cheng, S. K., Wong, C. W., Tsang, J., & Wong, K. C. (2004). Psychological distress and negative appraisals in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Psychological Medicine, 34(7), 1187-1195. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291704002272
  • Daly, M., & Robinson, E. (2021). Psychological distress and adaptation to the COVID-19 crisis in the United States. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 136, 603-609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.10.035
  • Duan, L., & Zhu, G. (2020). Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), 300-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30073-0
  • Durak, M., & Senol-Durak, E. (2020). “COVID-19 psychology” among older adults: As a grief process. Journal of Aging and Long-Term Care, 3(2), 27-33. https://doi.org/10.51819/jaltc.2020.901148
  • El-Monshed, A. H., El-Adl, A. A., Ali, A. S., & Loutfy, A. (in press). University students under lockdown, the psychosocial effects and coping strategies during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross sectional study in Egypt. Journal of American College Health.
  • Fraser, S., Lagace, M., Bongue, B., Ndeye, N., Guyot, J., Bechard, L., Garcia, L., Taler, V., Inclusion, C. S., Stigma Working, G., Adam, S., Beaulieu, M., Bergeron, C. D., Boudjemadi, V., Desmette, D., Donizzetti, A. R., Ethier, S., Garon, S., Gillis, M., . . . Tougas, F. (2020). Ageism and COVID-19: What does our society's response say about us? Age and Ageing, 49(5), 692-695. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa097
  • Garcia-Portilla, P., de la Fuente Tomas, L., Bobes-Bascaran, T., Jimenez Trevino, L., Zurron Madera, P., Suarez Alvarez, M., Menendez Miranda, I., Garcia Alvarez, L., Saiz Martinez, P. A., & Bobes, J. (2021). Are older adults also at higher psychological risk from COVID-19? Aging & Mental Health, 25(7), 1297-1304. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2020.1805723
  • Gardner, P. J., & Moallef, P. (2015). Psychological impact on SARS survivors: Critical review of the English language literature. Canadian Psychology, 56(1), 123-135. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037973
  • Ishikawa, R. Z. (2020). I may never see the ocean again: Loss and grief among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy, 12(S1), S85-S86. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000695
  • Kang, L., Li, Y., Hu, S., Chen, M., Yang, C., Yang, B. X., Wang, Y., Hu, J., Lai, J., Ma, X., Chen, J., Guan, L., Wang, G., Ma, H., & Liu, Z. (2020). The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(3), e14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30047-X
  • Lau, A. L., Chi, I., Cummins, R. A., Lee, T. M., Chou, K. L., & Chung, L. W. (2008). The SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) pandemic in Hong Kong: Effects on the subjective wellbeing of elderly and younger people. Aging & Mental Health, 12(6), 746-760. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860802380607
  • Ng, S. M., Chan, T. H., Chan, C. L., Lee, A. M., Yau, J. K., Chan, C. H., & Lau, J. (2006). Group debriefing for people with chronic diseases during the sars pandemic: Strength-focused and meaning-oriented approach for resilience and transformation (SMART). Community Mental Health Journal, 42(1), 53-63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-005-9002-y
  • Office for National Statistics. (2020). Coronavirus (COVID-19). https://www.ons.gov.uk
  • Petretto, D. R., & Pili, R. (2020). Ageing and COVID-19: What is the role for elderly people? Geriatrics (Basel), 5(2), 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics5020025
  • Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B., & Xu, Y. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. Gen Psychiatr, 33(2), e100213. https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213
  • Schrack, J. A., Wanigatunga, A. A., & Juraschek, S. P. (2020). After the COVID-19 pandemic: The next wave of health challenges for older adults. Journals of Gerontology. Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 75(9), e121-e122. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa102
  • Servello, A., & Ettorre, E. (2020). COVID-19: The Italian viral "Gerocide" of the 21st century. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 89, 104111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2020.104111
  • Sher, L. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates. QJM, 113(10), 707-712. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa202
  • Soraa, R. A., Manzi, F., Kharas, M. W., Marchetti, A., Massaro, D., Riva, G., & Serrano, J. A. (2020). Othering and deprioritizing older adults’ lives: Ageist discourses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 16(4), 532-541. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v16i4.4127
  • Taha, S., Matheson, K., Cronin, T., & Anisman, H. (2014). Intolerance of uncertainty, appraisals, coping, and anxiety: the case of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. British Journal of Health Psychology, 19(3), 592-605. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12058
  • Tyrrell, C. J., & Williams, K. N. (2020). The paradox of social distancing: Implications for older adults in the context of COVID-19. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy, 12(S1), S214-S216. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000845
  • Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1729-1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
  • Wang, Y., Kala, M. P., & Jafar, T. H. (2020). Factors associated with psychological distress during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the predominantly general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS One, 15(12), e0244630. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244630
  • Whitehead, B. R., & Torossian, E. (2021). Older adults’ experience of the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed-methods analysis of stresses and joys. Gerontologist, 61(1), 36-47. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnaa126
  • Wu, Z., & McGoogan, J. M. (2020). Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a report of 72314 cases from the Chinese center for disease control oand prevention. JAMA, 323(13), 1239-1242. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.2648
  • Zhang, J., Lu, H., Zeng, H., Zhang, S., Du, Q., Jiang, T., & Du, B. (2020). The differential psychological distress of populations affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87, 49-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.031
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Psychology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mithat Durak 0000-0002-4157-5519

Publication Date December 31, 2021
Acceptance Date December 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 4 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Durak, M. (2021). Can Psychological Interventions Sprout and Crown Individual and Societal Desired Outcomes for the Older Adults in the COVID-19 Era?. Journal of Aging and Long-Term Care, 4(3), 49-55. https://doi.org/10.51819/jaltc.2021.1098650

For further assistance and more detailed information about the JALTC and the publishing process, please do not hesitate to contact the secretariat of the JALTC via sending an e-mail: editor-in-chief@jaltc.net

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

The National and Applied Gerontology Association (NASAG) is a leading non-profit organization in Türkiye that promotes healthy and productive aging via evidence-based research. The utilization of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research in gerontology is crucial in integrating research, practice, and policy, given the need for evidence-based programming to improve the quality of life in old age. As an advocate for social action for older people, the NASAG is particularly concerned that public policies are strongly and genuinely focused on supporting and protecting the most vulnerable, marginalized, or disadvantaged older people.

The NASAG has been a member of the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics (IAGG) since 2007.