The Waist circumference in Turkish adults: 19 – 75 years age

Abstract

Objective: Waist circumference reference values ​​can be vary among societies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the waist circumference values of Turkish adults people for 19-75 year.

Material and Method: A total of 25.866 (11484 females and 14382 males) adult participants were recruited, grouped into categories of waist circumference in accordance with the World Health Organizasion cutoffs. Waist circumference was measured with a tape measure according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization.

 Results: It was found that waist circumference values ​​varied at certain age ranges. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant relationship between the age variable and waist circumference values for male (r=.441) and female (r=.444) adults. It was determined that 87.91% of the male adults participating were to have normal values ​​and 12.08% of them were to have higher risks of obesity related to the diseases, and 65.86% of female participants were to have normal values ​​and 34.14% of them were to have had higher risk of obesity related diseases.

Conclusions: The use waist circumference for the prediction of risk factor clustering among adults has significant clinical utility. These analyses should be continued in future studies in order to examine both health and reference values ​​between societies.

Keywords

• Waist circumference,Age factor,Obesity,Adults

References

1. Abbasi, F., Chu, J. W., Lamendola, C., McLaughlin, T., Hayden, J., Reaven, G. M., & Reaven, P. D. (2004). Discrimination between obesity and insulin resistance in the relationship with adiponectin. Diabetes, 53(3), 585-590.
2. Atabek, M. E., Pirgon, O., & Kurtoglu, S. (2006). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in obese Turkish children and adolescents. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 72(3), 315-321.
3. Bei-Fan Z. Predictive values of body mass index and waist circumference for risk factors of certain related diseases in Chinese adults: study on optimal cut-off points of body mass index and waist circumference in Chinese adults. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2002 Dec;11 Suppl 8:S685-93.
4. Bundak, R., Furman, A., Gunoz, H., Darendeliler, F., Bas, F., & Neyzi, O. (2006). Body mass index references for Turkish children. Acta Paediatrica, 95(2), 194-198.
5. Chan, J. M., Rimm, E. B., Colditz, G. A., Stampfer, M. J., & Willett, W. C. (1994). Obesity, fat distribution, and weight gain as risk factors for clinical diabetes in men. Diabetes care, 17(9), 961-969.
6. Ergün, A., & Erten, S. F. (2004). Body mass index and waist circumference in estimation of obesity in students. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 57(02).
7. Eroğlu, S., Sade, L. E., Bozbaş, H., & Müderrisoğlu, H. (2009). Decreased coronary flow reserve in obese women. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars, 37, 391-6.
8. Fernández, J. R., Redden, D. T., Pietrobelli, A., & Allison, D. B. (2004). Waist circumference percentiles in nationally representative samples of African-American, European-American, and Mexican-American children and adolescents. The Journal of pediatrics, 145(4), 439-444.

9. Fredriks, A. M., van Buuren, S., Fekkes, M., Verloove-Vanhorick, S. P., & Wit, J. M. (2005). Are age references for waist circumference, hip circumference and waist-hip ratio in Dutch children useful in clinical practice?. European journal of pediatrics, 164(4), 216-222.
10. Gray, D. S., & Fujioka, K. (1991). Use of relative weight and body mass index for the determination of adiposity. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 44(6), 545-550.
11. Güney, E., Özgen, A. G., Saraç, F., Yılmaz, C., & Kabalak, T. (2003). Comparison Of Bioelectrical Impedance And The Other Methods Used For Diagnosis Of Obesity. ADÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(4), 15-18.
12. He, M., Tan, K. C. B., Li, E. T. S., & Kung, A. W. C. (2001). Body fat determination by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and its relation to body mass index and waist circumference in Hong Kong Chinese. International Journal of Obesity & Related Metabolic Disorders, 25(5).
13. Janssen, I., Katzmarzyk, P. T., & Ross, R. (2004). Waist circumference and not body mass index explains obesity-related health risk. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 79(3), 379-384.
14. Jung, R. T. (1997). Obesity as a disease. British medical bulletin, 53(2), 307-321.
15. Katzmarzyk, P.T. (2004). Waist circumference percentiles for Canadian youth 11–18 y of age. Eur J Clin Nutr 58:1011–1015.
16. Ketel, I. J., Volman, M. N., Seidell, J. C., Stehouwer, C. D., Twisk, J. W., & Lambalk, C. B. (2007). Superiority of skinfold measurements and waist over waist-to-hip ratio for determination of body fat distribution in a population-based cohort of Caucasian Dutch adults. European Journal of Endocrinology, 156(6), 655-661.
17. Khadilkar, A., Ekbote, V., Chiplonkar, S., Khadilkar, V., Kajale, N., Kulkarni, S., ... & Agarwal, S. (2014). Waist circumference percentiles in 2-18 year old Indian children. The Journal of pediatrics, 164(6), 1358-1362.
18. Kitis, Y., Bilgili, N., Hisar, F., & Ayaz, S. (2010). Frequency and affecting factors of metabolic syndrome in women older than 20 years of age. The Anatolian Journal of Cardiology, 10(2), 111-120.
19. Ko, G. T., Chan, J. C., Cockram, C. S., & Woo, J. (1999). Prediction of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia or albuminuria using simple anthropometric indexes in Hong Kong Chinese. International Journal of Obesity & Related Metabolic Disorders, 23(11).
20. Lee, S. Y., Park, H. S., Kim, D. J., Han, J. H., Kim, S. M., Cho, G. J., ... & Oh, S. J. (2007). Appropriate waist circumference cutoff points for central obesity in Korean adults. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 75(1), 72-80.
21. Maffeis, C., Pietrobelli, A., Grezzani, A., Provera, S., & Tatò, L. (2001). Waist circumference and cardiovascular risk factors in prepubertal children. Obesity, 9(3), 179-187.
22. McCarthy, H. D., Ellis, S. M., & Cole, T. J. (2003). Central overweight and obesity in British youth aged 11–16 years: cross sectional surveys of waist circumference. Bmj, 326(7390), 624.
23. Meseri, R., & Ünal, B. (2009). How to determine obesity to estimate cardiovascular risk and diabetes?. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 8(6).
24. Moreno, L. A., Pineda, I., Rodriguez, G., Fleta, J., Sarria, A., & Bueno, M. (2002). Waist circumference for the screening of the metabolic syndrome in children. Acta paediatrica, 91(12), 1307-1312.
25. National Institutes of Health. (1998). Clinical Guidelines for the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health.
26. Newby, P. K., Muller, D., Hallfrisch, J., Qiao, N., Andres, R., & Tucker, K. L. (2003). Dietary patterns and changes in body mass index and waist circumference in adults. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 77(6), 1417-1425.
27. Onat, A., Hergenç, G., Uyarel, H., Can, G., & Ozhan, H. (2006). Prevalence, incidence, predictors and outcome of type 2 diabetes in Turkey. The Anatolian Journal of Cardiology, 6(4), 314-21.
28. Sarria, A., Moreno, L. A., Garcí‐LIop, L. A., Fleta, J., Morellon, M. P., & Bueno, M. (2001). Body mass index, triceps skinfold and waist circumference in screening for adiposity in male children and adolescents. Acta paediatrica, 90(4), 387-392.
29. Savva, S. C., Tornaritis, M., Savva, M. E., Kourides, Y., Panagi, A., Silikiotou, N., ... & Kafatos, A. (2000). Waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio are better predictors of cardiovascular disease risk factors in children than body mass index. International journal of obesity, 24(11), 1453.
30. Tam, A. A., & Çakır, B. (2012). Approach of obesity in primary health care. Ankara Medical Journal, 12(1).
31. Wahrenberg, H., Hertel, K., Leijonhufvud, B. M., Persson, L. G., Toft, E., & Arner, P. (2005). Use of waist circumference to predict insulin resistance: retrospective study. Bmj, 330(7504), 1363-1364.
32. World Health Organization. (2011). Waist circumference and waist-hip ratio: Report of a WHO expert consultation, Geneva, 8-11 December 2008.
33. Yosmaoğlu, H. B., Baltacı, G., & Derman, O. (2010). Effectiveness of body fat measurement methods in obese adolescents. Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon, 21(3), 125-131.
34. Zhou, B. F. (2002). Predictive values of body mass index and waist circumference for risk factors of certain related diseases in Chinese adults--study on optimal cut-off points of body mass index and waist circumference in Chinese adults. Biomedical and environmental sciences: BES, 15(1), 83-96.