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Year 2017, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 17 - 33, 31.05.2017

Abstract

References

  • Almuzaini, K.S. (2007). Muscle function in Saudi children and adolescents: Relationship to anthropometric characteristics during growth. Pediatric Exercise Science, 19(3), 319-333.
  • Alpay, B., Altuğ, K., & Hazar, S. (2007). İlköğretim okul takımlarında yer alan 11-13 yaş grubu öğrencilerin bazı solunum ve dolaşım parametrelerinin spor yapmayan öğrencilerle karşılaştırılarak değerlendirilmesi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 8, 22-29.
  • Andersen, K.L., Seliger, V., Rutenfranz, J., & Nesset, T. (1980). Physical performance capacity of children in Norway. V. The influence of social isolation on the rate of growth in body size and composition and on the achievement in lung function and maximal aerobic power of children in a rural community. European Journal of Applied Physiology Occupational Physiology, 45(2-3), 155-166.
  • Bencke, J., Damsgaard, R., Saekmose, A., Jorgensen, P., Jorgensen, K., & Klausen, K. (2002). Anaerobic power and muscle strength characteristics of 11 years old elite and non-elite boys and girls from gymnastics, team handball, tennis and swimming. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 12(3), 171–178.
  • Cohen, D.D., Voss, C., Taylor, M.J., Stasinopoulos, D.M., Delextrat, A., & Sandercock, G.R. (2010). Handgrip strength in English schoolchildren. Acta Paediatrica, 99(7), 1065-1072.
  • Courteix, D., Obert, P., Lecoq, A.M., Guenon, P., & Koch, G. (1997). Effect of intensive swimming training on lung volumes, airway resistance and on the maximal expiratory flow-volume relationship in prepubertal girls. European Journal of Applied Physiology Occupational Physiology, 76(3), 264-269.
  • Dağlıoğlu, Ö., Çınar, V., Bostancı, Ö., Dağlıoğlu, T., & Hazar, M. (2006). Yaz spor okullari yüzme programina katilan çocuklarin solunum parametrelerinin değerlendirilmesi. 9. Uluslararası Spor Bilimleri Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, 459-461
  • Doherty, M., & Dimitriou, L. (1997). Comparison of lung volume in Greek swimmers, land based athletes, and sedentary controls using allometric scaling. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(4), 337-341.
  • Eriksson, B.O., Engstrom, I., Karlberg, P., Lundin, A., Saltin, B., & Thoren, C. (1978). Long-term effect of previous swimming training in girls: a 10-year follow-up of the "girl swimmers". Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 67(3), 285-292.
  • España-Romero, V., Artero, E.G., Jimenez-Pavón, D., Cuenca-Garcia, M., Ortega, F.B., Castro-Piñero, J., Sjöstrom, M., Castillo-Garzon, M.J., & Ruiz, J.R. (2010). Assessing health-related fitness tests in the school setting: reliability, feasibility and safety; the ALPHA Study. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(7), 490-497.
  • Font-Ribera, L., Villanueva, C.M., Nieuwenhuijsen, M.J., Zock, J.P., Kogevinas, M., & Henderson, J. (2011). Swimming pool attendance, asthma, allergies, and lung function in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 183(5), 582-588.
  • Gerodimos, V. (2012). Reliability of handgrip strength test in basketball players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 31, 25-36.
  • Gibbons, J.A., Cunningham, D.A., Shaw, D.B., & Fynon, R.B. (1972). The effect of swimming training on selected aspects of pulmonary function of young girls: a preliminary report. In: Training: scientific basis and application. Taylor, A.W. (ed.) Springfield, NJ: Thomas.
  • İmamoğlu, O., & Kilcigil, E. (2007). Türkiye’deki minik futbolcularda reaksiyon zamanı, vital kapasite değerleri ve laterizasyon dağılımında solaklık sorunu. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(3), 95-100.
  • Kafkas, M., Taşkıran, C., Arslan, C., & Açak, M. (2009). The comparison of some physical, physiological and anthropometric parameters of junior male national and amateur badminton players [Yıldız erkek milli ve amatör badmintoncuların bazı fiziksel, fizyolojik ve antropometrik parametrelerinin karşılaştırılması]. Niğde University Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 3(1), 13-20.
  • Kesavachandran, C., Nair, H.R., & Shashidhar, S. (2001). Lung volumes in swimmers performing different styles of swimming. Indian Journal of Medicine Science, 55(12), 669-676.
  • Koley, S., Kaur, S. P., & Sandhu, J. S. (2011) Correlations of handgrip strength and some anthropometric variables in Indian inter-university female handball players. Sports Science Review, 20(3-4), 57-68.
  • Kürkçü, R., Afyon, Y.A., Yaman, Ç., & Özdağ, S. (2009). Comparison of some physical and physiologic properties of soccer players and badminton players of 10-12 years old group [10-12 yaş grubundaki futbolcu ve badmintoncularda bazı fiziksel ve fizyolojik özelliklerin karşılaştırılması]. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 547- 556.
  • Kürkçü, R., & Gökhan İ. (2011). The effects of handball training on the some respiration and circulatory parameters of school boys aged 10-13 years [Hentbol antrenmanlarının 10-13 yaş grubu öğrencilerin bazı solunum ve dolaşım parametreleri üzerine etkileri]. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(1), 135-143.
  • Massy-Westropp, N., Rankin, W., Ahern, M., Krishnan, J., & Hearn, T.C. (2004). Measuring grip strength in normal adults: reference ranges and a comparison of electronic and hydraulic instruments. The Journal of Hand Surgery, 9(3), 514-519.
  • Milliken, L.A., Faigenbaum, A.D., Loud, R.L., & Westcott, W.L. (2008). Correlates of upper and lower body muscular strength in children. Journal of Strength Conditioning Research, 22(4), 1339-1346.
  • Molenaar, H.M., Zuidam, J.M., Selles, R.W., Stam, H.J., & Hovius, S.E. (2008). Age-specific reliability of two grip-strength dynamometers when used by children. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 90(5), 1053-1059.
  • Newton, R.U., Rogers, R.A., Volek, J.S., Hakkinen, K., & Kraemer, W.J. (2006). Four weeks of optimal load ballistic resistance training at the end of season attenuates declining jump performance of women volleyball players. Journal of Strength Conditioning Research, 20(4), 955-961.
  • Ölçücü, B., Cenikli, A., Kaldırımcı, M., & Bostancı, Ö. (2011). The effects of movement training with and without ball on physical fitness of tennis playing children [Tenisçi çocuklarda toplu ve topsuz uygulanan hareket eğitiminin fiziksel uygunluk değerlerine etkisi]. Journal of Sports and Performance Researches, 2(1), 32-40.
  • Özgül, F., Eliöz, M., Otağ, A., & Atan, T. (2015). Yüzme sporu yapan 10-14 yaş grubundaki çocukların solunum parametrelerinin karşılaştırılması. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Science, 7(2), 35-40.
  • Şahin, M., Şahin, A., Coşkuner, Z., & Çoban, O. (2011). Investigation of physical and anthropometric measurements in male children who doing taekwondo sports aged 7 to 8 years [Taekwondo sporu yapan 7 ve 8 yaşlarındaki erkek çocukların bazı fiziksel ve antropometrik ölçümlerin incelenmesi]. E-Journal of New World Science Academy (NWSA), 6(2), 148-158.
  • Saygın, E., Karacabey, K., & Saygın, Ö. (2011). Investigation of physical activity and physical fitness of children [Çocuklarda fiziksel aktivite ve fiziksel uygunluk unsurlarının araştırılması]. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(2), 921-935
  • Saygın, Ö., Dükancı, Y., & Karacabey, K. (2009). The examination of the relationship between health-related physical fitness and the density of physical activity among the 9-11 years old boys [9-11 yaş erkek çocuklarda fiziksel aktivite yoğunluğu ve sağlık ilişkili fiziksel uygunluk arasındaki ilişkinin inelenmesi]. E-Journal of New World Science Academy (NWSA), 4(3), 218-226.
  • Saygın, Ö., & Dükancı, Y. (2009). The examination of the relationship between health-related physical fitness and the density of physical activity among girls [Kız çocuklarda sağlık ilişkili fiziksel uygunluk ve fiziksel aktivite yoğunluğu ilişkisinin araştırılması]. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 320-329.
  • Saygın, Ö., Polat, Y., & Karacabey, K. (2005). Çocuklarda hareket eğitiminin fiziksel uygunluk özelliklerine etkisi. FÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(3), 205-212.
  • Vaccaro, P., & Clarke, D.H. (1978). Cardiorespiratory alterations in 9 to 11 year old children following a season of competitive swimming. Medicine Science in Sports, 10(3), 204-207.
  • Van Praagh, E., & Franca, N.M. (1998). Measuring maximal short-term power output during growth. In: Pediatric anaerobic performance, E Van Praagh (Ed), Champaign, IL: Human kinetics, 155-189.
  • Weisel, C.P., Richardson, S.D., Nemery, B., Aggazzotti, G., Baraldi, E., Blatchley, E.R. 3rd, Blount, B.C., Carlsen, K.H., Eggleston, P.A., Frimmel, F.H., Goodman, M., Gordon, G., Grinshpun, S.A., Heederik, D., Kogevinas, M., LaKind, J.S., Nieuwenhuijsen, M.J., Piper, F.C., & Sattar, S.A. (2009). Childhood asthma and environmental exposures at swimming pools: state of the science and research recommendations. Environmental Health Perspectives, 117(4), 500-5007.

THE EFFECTS OF SWIMMING TRAINING ON SELECTED STRENGTH AND RESPIRATORY FUNCTION VARIABLES IN PRE-PUBERTAL CHILDREN

Year 2017, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 17 - 33, 31.05.2017

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects
of swimming training on selected strength and respiratory function variables in
pre-pubertal children.

Methods: Thirteen trained 7- to 10-year-old swimmers who were
the members of the same college team and who trained for at least 6 months, 3
days a week volunteered to participate in this study. The values of
investigated variables were compared with the values of the untrained group,
matched for age and gender. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory
volume in one second (FEV1), and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) were measured
to determine the respiratory function. The bio-motoric properties were evaluated
by right and left handgrip isometric strength, and vertical jumping height.

Results: Mean age, height, weight and BMI values were not
significant different between groups (p > 0.05). The respiratory function
(FVC, FEV1 and MVV values) and handgrip-right
and handgrip-left values were not significant different between groups (p >
0.05). Additionally, SJ values were not different between groups (p > 0.05),
but CMJ values were significantly different between groups with higher values
in trained group (p = 0.012). 

Conclusion: There are studies that put forth the positive effects of exercise
programs on the respiratory functions of individuals who have not yet completed
their developments as well as studies that state the contrary. The findings of
the current study demonstrated that there was a statistically significant
difference only for CMJ performance in favor of trained children, and not for
the other investigated variables. 
Training experience and age can explain this situation. A six-month
training program appears to be inadequate for little pre-pubertal children to
improve respiratory functions and strength properties. 

References

  • Almuzaini, K.S. (2007). Muscle function in Saudi children and adolescents: Relationship to anthropometric characteristics during growth. Pediatric Exercise Science, 19(3), 319-333.
  • Alpay, B., Altuğ, K., & Hazar, S. (2007). İlköğretim okul takımlarında yer alan 11-13 yaş grubu öğrencilerin bazı solunum ve dolaşım parametrelerinin spor yapmayan öğrencilerle karşılaştırılarak değerlendirilmesi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 8, 22-29.
  • Andersen, K.L., Seliger, V., Rutenfranz, J., & Nesset, T. (1980). Physical performance capacity of children in Norway. V. The influence of social isolation on the rate of growth in body size and composition and on the achievement in lung function and maximal aerobic power of children in a rural community. European Journal of Applied Physiology Occupational Physiology, 45(2-3), 155-166.
  • Bencke, J., Damsgaard, R., Saekmose, A., Jorgensen, P., Jorgensen, K., & Klausen, K. (2002). Anaerobic power and muscle strength characteristics of 11 years old elite and non-elite boys and girls from gymnastics, team handball, tennis and swimming. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 12(3), 171–178.
  • Cohen, D.D., Voss, C., Taylor, M.J., Stasinopoulos, D.M., Delextrat, A., & Sandercock, G.R. (2010). Handgrip strength in English schoolchildren. Acta Paediatrica, 99(7), 1065-1072.
  • Courteix, D., Obert, P., Lecoq, A.M., Guenon, P., & Koch, G. (1997). Effect of intensive swimming training on lung volumes, airway resistance and on the maximal expiratory flow-volume relationship in prepubertal girls. European Journal of Applied Physiology Occupational Physiology, 76(3), 264-269.
  • Dağlıoğlu, Ö., Çınar, V., Bostancı, Ö., Dağlıoğlu, T., & Hazar, M. (2006). Yaz spor okullari yüzme programina katilan çocuklarin solunum parametrelerinin değerlendirilmesi. 9. Uluslararası Spor Bilimleri Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, 459-461
  • Doherty, M., & Dimitriou, L. (1997). Comparison of lung volume in Greek swimmers, land based athletes, and sedentary controls using allometric scaling. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(4), 337-341.
  • Eriksson, B.O., Engstrom, I., Karlberg, P., Lundin, A., Saltin, B., & Thoren, C. (1978). Long-term effect of previous swimming training in girls: a 10-year follow-up of the "girl swimmers". Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 67(3), 285-292.
  • España-Romero, V., Artero, E.G., Jimenez-Pavón, D., Cuenca-Garcia, M., Ortega, F.B., Castro-Piñero, J., Sjöstrom, M., Castillo-Garzon, M.J., & Ruiz, J.R. (2010). Assessing health-related fitness tests in the school setting: reliability, feasibility and safety; the ALPHA Study. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(7), 490-497.
  • Font-Ribera, L., Villanueva, C.M., Nieuwenhuijsen, M.J., Zock, J.P., Kogevinas, M., & Henderson, J. (2011). Swimming pool attendance, asthma, allergies, and lung function in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 183(5), 582-588.
  • Gerodimos, V. (2012). Reliability of handgrip strength test in basketball players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 31, 25-36.
  • Gibbons, J.A., Cunningham, D.A., Shaw, D.B., & Fynon, R.B. (1972). The effect of swimming training on selected aspects of pulmonary function of young girls: a preliminary report. In: Training: scientific basis and application. Taylor, A.W. (ed.) Springfield, NJ: Thomas.
  • İmamoğlu, O., & Kilcigil, E. (2007). Türkiye’deki minik futbolcularda reaksiyon zamanı, vital kapasite değerleri ve laterizasyon dağılımında solaklık sorunu. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(3), 95-100.
  • Kafkas, M., Taşkıran, C., Arslan, C., & Açak, M. (2009). The comparison of some physical, physiological and anthropometric parameters of junior male national and amateur badminton players [Yıldız erkek milli ve amatör badmintoncuların bazı fiziksel, fizyolojik ve antropometrik parametrelerinin karşılaştırılması]. Niğde University Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 3(1), 13-20.
  • Kesavachandran, C., Nair, H.R., & Shashidhar, S. (2001). Lung volumes in swimmers performing different styles of swimming. Indian Journal of Medicine Science, 55(12), 669-676.
  • Koley, S., Kaur, S. P., & Sandhu, J. S. (2011) Correlations of handgrip strength and some anthropometric variables in Indian inter-university female handball players. Sports Science Review, 20(3-4), 57-68.
  • Kürkçü, R., Afyon, Y.A., Yaman, Ç., & Özdağ, S. (2009). Comparison of some physical and physiologic properties of soccer players and badminton players of 10-12 years old group [10-12 yaş grubundaki futbolcu ve badmintoncularda bazı fiziksel ve fizyolojik özelliklerin karşılaştırılması]. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 547- 556.
  • Kürkçü, R., & Gökhan İ. (2011). The effects of handball training on the some respiration and circulatory parameters of school boys aged 10-13 years [Hentbol antrenmanlarının 10-13 yaş grubu öğrencilerin bazı solunum ve dolaşım parametreleri üzerine etkileri]. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(1), 135-143.
  • Massy-Westropp, N., Rankin, W., Ahern, M., Krishnan, J., & Hearn, T.C. (2004). Measuring grip strength in normal adults: reference ranges and a comparison of electronic and hydraulic instruments. The Journal of Hand Surgery, 9(3), 514-519.
  • Milliken, L.A., Faigenbaum, A.D., Loud, R.L., & Westcott, W.L. (2008). Correlates of upper and lower body muscular strength in children. Journal of Strength Conditioning Research, 22(4), 1339-1346.
  • Molenaar, H.M., Zuidam, J.M., Selles, R.W., Stam, H.J., & Hovius, S.E. (2008). Age-specific reliability of two grip-strength dynamometers when used by children. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 90(5), 1053-1059.
  • Newton, R.U., Rogers, R.A., Volek, J.S., Hakkinen, K., & Kraemer, W.J. (2006). Four weeks of optimal load ballistic resistance training at the end of season attenuates declining jump performance of women volleyball players. Journal of Strength Conditioning Research, 20(4), 955-961.
  • Ölçücü, B., Cenikli, A., Kaldırımcı, M., & Bostancı, Ö. (2011). The effects of movement training with and without ball on physical fitness of tennis playing children [Tenisçi çocuklarda toplu ve topsuz uygulanan hareket eğitiminin fiziksel uygunluk değerlerine etkisi]. Journal of Sports and Performance Researches, 2(1), 32-40.
  • Özgül, F., Eliöz, M., Otağ, A., & Atan, T. (2015). Yüzme sporu yapan 10-14 yaş grubundaki çocukların solunum parametrelerinin karşılaştırılması. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Science, 7(2), 35-40.
  • Şahin, M., Şahin, A., Coşkuner, Z., & Çoban, O. (2011). Investigation of physical and anthropometric measurements in male children who doing taekwondo sports aged 7 to 8 years [Taekwondo sporu yapan 7 ve 8 yaşlarındaki erkek çocukların bazı fiziksel ve antropometrik ölçümlerin incelenmesi]. E-Journal of New World Science Academy (NWSA), 6(2), 148-158.
  • Saygın, E., Karacabey, K., & Saygın, Ö. (2011). Investigation of physical activity and physical fitness of children [Çocuklarda fiziksel aktivite ve fiziksel uygunluk unsurlarının araştırılması]. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(2), 921-935
  • Saygın, Ö., Dükancı, Y., & Karacabey, K. (2009). The examination of the relationship between health-related physical fitness and the density of physical activity among the 9-11 years old boys [9-11 yaş erkek çocuklarda fiziksel aktivite yoğunluğu ve sağlık ilişkili fiziksel uygunluk arasındaki ilişkinin inelenmesi]. E-Journal of New World Science Academy (NWSA), 4(3), 218-226.
  • Saygın, Ö., & Dükancı, Y. (2009). The examination of the relationship between health-related physical fitness and the density of physical activity among girls [Kız çocuklarda sağlık ilişkili fiziksel uygunluk ve fiziksel aktivite yoğunluğu ilişkisinin araştırılması]. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 320-329.
  • Saygın, Ö., Polat, Y., & Karacabey, K. (2005). Çocuklarda hareket eğitiminin fiziksel uygunluk özelliklerine etkisi. FÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(3), 205-212.
  • Vaccaro, P., & Clarke, D.H. (1978). Cardiorespiratory alterations in 9 to 11 year old children following a season of competitive swimming. Medicine Science in Sports, 10(3), 204-207.
  • Van Praagh, E., & Franca, N.M. (1998). Measuring maximal short-term power output during growth. In: Pediatric anaerobic performance, E Van Praagh (Ed), Champaign, IL: Human kinetics, 155-189.
  • Weisel, C.P., Richardson, S.D., Nemery, B., Aggazzotti, G., Baraldi, E., Blatchley, E.R. 3rd, Blount, B.C., Carlsen, K.H., Eggleston, P.A., Frimmel, F.H., Goodman, M., Gordon, G., Grinshpun, S.A., Heederik, D., Kogevinas, M., LaKind, J.S., Nieuwenhuijsen, M.J., Piper, F.C., & Sattar, S.A. (2009). Childhood asthma and environmental exposures at swimming pools: state of the science and research recommendations. Environmental Health Perspectives, 117(4), 500-5007.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Hayriye Çakır Atabek

Publication Date May 31, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çakır Atabek, H. (2017). THE EFFECTS OF SWIMMING TRAINING ON SELECTED STRENGTH AND RESPIRATORY FUNCTION VARIABLES IN PRE-PUBERTAL CHILDREN. Journal of Athletic Performance and Nutrition, 4(1), 17-33.
AMA Çakır Atabek H. THE EFFECTS OF SWIMMING TRAINING ON SELECTED STRENGTH AND RESPIRATORY FUNCTION VARIABLES IN PRE-PUBERTAL CHILDREN. Journal of Athletic Performance and Nutrition. May 2017;4(1):17-33.
Chicago Çakır Atabek, Hayriye. “THE EFFECTS OF SWIMMING TRAINING ON SELECTED STRENGTH AND RESPIRATORY FUNCTION VARIABLES IN PRE-PUBERTAL CHILDREN”. Journal of Athletic Performance and Nutrition 4, no. 1 (May 2017): 17-33.
EndNote Çakır Atabek H (May 1, 2017) THE EFFECTS OF SWIMMING TRAINING ON SELECTED STRENGTH AND RESPIRATORY FUNCTION VARIABLES IN PRE-PUBERTAL CHILDREN. Journal of Athletic Performance and Nutrition 4 1 17–33.
IEEE H. Çakır Atabek, “THE EFFECTS OF SWIMMING TRAINING ON SELECTED STRENGTH AND RESPIRATORY FUNCTION VARIABLES IN PRE-PUBERTAL CHILDREN”, Journal of Athletic Performance and Nutrition, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 17–33, 2017.
ISNAD Çakır Atabek, Hayriye. “THE EFFECTS OF SWIMMING TRAINING ON SELECTED STRENGTH AND RESPIRATORY FUNCTION VARIABLES IN PRE-PUBERTAL CHILDREN”. Journal of Athletic Performance and Nutrition 4/1 (May 2017), 17-33.
JAMA Çakır Atabek H. THE EFFECTS OF SWIMMING TRAINING ON SELECTED STRENGTH AND RESPIRATORY FUNCTION VARIABLES IN PRE-PUBERTAL CHILDREN. Journal of Athletic Performance and Nutrition. 2017;4:17–33.
MLA Çakır Atabek, Hayriye. “THE EFFECTS OF SWIMMING TRAINING ON SELECTED STRENGTH AND RESPIRATORY FUNCTION VARIABLES IN PRE-PUBERTAL CHILDREN”. Journal of Athletic Performance and Nutrition, vol. 4, no. 1, 2017, pp. 17-33.
Vancouver Çakır Atabek H. THE EFFECTS OF SWIMMING TRAINING ON SELECTED STRENGTH AND RESPIRATORY FUNCTION VARIABLES IN PRE-PUBERTAL CHILDREN. Journal of Athletic Performance and Nutrition. 2017;4(1):17-33.