Morpho-Genetic Characterization of Abelmoschus Moench. Accessions

Year 2022, , 110 - 123, 31.12.2022

Nkereuwem U. Obongodot Moses E. Osawaru Matthew Ogwu

https://doi.org/10.56430/japro.1166934

Cited By: 2

Abstract

This study was carried out to assess the morphological and genetic variability of seven accessions of Abelmoschus L. species using morphometric analysis and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain (RBCL) molecular markers. Using a completely randomized block design, seeds of the okra accessions were planted with three replicates each. During the developmental stage, the morphological features of the accessions were observed and recorded according to the standard descriptor for the crop. Morphologically, all the accessions exhibited a degree of similarities, albeit, at maturity, the leaf, plant height, leaf colour, and leaf shape became distinct. A cluster of the phenotypic characterization was observed at a 3.74 level of coefficient of similarity with two distinct clusters, which were predicted to be A. esculentus and A. caillei. The percentage variance of the two principal components was 55.12% and 22.69% with corresponding Eigenvalues of 4.11 and 1.69, respectively. Results of the RBCL analysis revealed genetic variability at a 0.80 level of coefficient of similarity. Two distinguishable clusters were observed. Both morphometric and genotyping results suggest that variations exist among and within the seven accessions. In conclusion, there is a need to frequently evaluate plant genetic resources held in gene banks as they may not reflect the whole range of diversity inherent in the species.

Keywords

Genetic variability, Morphological variability, Okra, Plant characterization, RBCL genotyping

Thanks

The authors wish to acknowledge the assistance of the Germplasm unit of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan for providing laboratory space and resources as well as the gene bank unit of the National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Ibadan for providing the okra accessions used in the study.

References

• Adeoluwa, O. O., & Kehinde, O. B. (2011). Genetic variability studies in West African Okra (Abelmoschus caillei). Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 2(10), 1326-1335. https://doi.org/10.5251/abjna.2011.2.10.1326-1335
• Akinyele, B. O., & Temikotan, T. (2007). Effects of variation in soil texture on the vegetative and pod characteristics of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench). International Journal of Agricultural Research, 2(2), 165-169. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijar.2007.165.169
• Aladele, S. E., Ariyo, O. J., & Lapena, R. D. (2008). Genetic relationships among West African “Okra” (Abelmoschus caillei) and Asian genotypes (Abelmoschus esculentus) using RAPD. Indian Journal of Biotechnology, 7(10), 1426-1431. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB08.006
• APG. (2009). An update of the angiosperm phylogeny classification for the families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of Linnean Society, 161(2), 105-121. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
• Ariyo, O. J. (1993). Genetic diversity in West African Okra (Abelmoschus caillei (A.Chev.) Stevels.) - Multivariate analysis of morphological and agronomic characteristics. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 40, 125-132. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00053461
• Bioversity International. (2007). Guidelines for the development of crop descriptor lists. https://www.bioversityinternational.org/fileadmin/_migrated/uploads/tx_news/Developing_crop_descriptor_lists_1226.pdf
• Bisht, I. S., & Bhat, K. V. (2006). Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). In R. J. Singh (Ed.), Genetic resources, chromosome engineering and crop improvement (pp. 147-183). CRC Press.
• Chakravarthi, B. K., & Naravaneni, R. (2006). SSR marker-based DNA fingerprinting and diversity study in rice (Oryza sativa L). African Journal of Biotechnology, 5(9), 684-688.
• Charrier, A. (1984). Genetic resources of the genus Abelmoschus med. (okra). International Board for Plant Genetic Resources.
• Das, S., Chattopadhyay, A., Chattopadhyay, B. S., Dutta, S., & Hazra, P. (2012). Characterization of Okra germplasm and their genetic divergence in the Gangetic alluvium of Eastern India. Vegetos, 25(2), 86-94.
• Figliuolo, G., & Perrino, P. (2004). Genetic diversity and intra-specific phylogeny of Triticum turgidum L. subsp. Dicoccon (Schrank) Thell. revealed by RFLPs and SSRs. Genetic Resources and Crop Evaluation, 51(5), 519-527. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:GRES.0000024153.75636.6f
• Gulsen, O., Karagul, S., & Abak, K. (2007). Diversity and relationships among Turkish okra germplasm by SRAP and phenotypic marker polymorphism. Biologia Bratislava, 62(1), 41-50. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-007-0010-y
• Hammer, O., Harper, D. A. T., & Ryan, P. D. (2019). PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica, 4(1), 1-9.
• Hamon, S., & Koechlin, J. (1991). The reproductive biology of okra. 2. Self-fertilization kinetics in the cultivated okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and consequences for breeding. Euphytica, 53, 49-55. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00032032
• Hazra, P., & Basu, D. (2000). Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis in okra. Annals of Agricultural Research, 21(3), 452-453.
• IBPGR. (1991). Report of an international workshop on okra genetic resources, held at the national bureau for plant genetic resources (NBPGR). New Delhi, India. International Workshop on Okra Genetic Resources. New Delhi.
• Kumar, M., Sharma, V. R., Kumar, N., Sirohi, U., Naresh, R. K., & Chaudhary, V. (2017). Screening of microsatellite markers for genetic diversity assessment and conservation of germplasm in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science, 6(6), 509-520. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.606.060
• Maestri, E., Malcevschi, A., Massari, A., & Marmiroli, N. (2002). Genomic analysis of cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare) using sequence-tagged molecular markers. Estimates of divergence based on RFLP and PCR markers derived from stress-responsive genes, and simple-sequence repeats (SSRs). Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 267(2), 186-201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-002-0650-0
• Ogwu, M. C., Osawaru, M. E., & Ahana, C. M. (2014). Challenges in conserving and utilizing plant genetic resources (PGR). International Journal of Genetic Molecular Biology, 6(2), 16-22. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJGMB2013.0083
• Ogwu, M. C., Osawaru, M. E., Aiwansoba, R. O., & Iroh, R. N. (2016a). Ethnobotany and collection of West African Okra [Abelmoschus caillei (A. Chev.) Stevels] germplasm in some communities in Edo and Delta States, Southern Nigeria. Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology, 6(1), 25-36. https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.212.2016
• Ogwu, M. C., Chime, A. O., Edorisiagbon, A. I., & Osawaru, M. E. (2016b). Vegetative growth pattern of West Africa Okra accessions from Southern Edo State, Nigeria. Journal of Industrial Research and Technology, 5(2), 27-42.
• Ogwu, M. C., Osawaru, M. E., & Onosigbere-Ohwo, U. (2017). Characterization of Okra (Abelmoschus [Medik.]) accessions using dehydrogenase isozymes and protein. Maldives National Journal of Research, 5(1), 45-62.
• Ogwu, M. C., & Osawaru, O. P. (2022). State of the genetic resources of West African Okra (Abelmoschus caillei [A. Chev.] Stevels.): A taxon with industrial potentials. 2. Başkent International Conference on Multidisciplinary Studies. Ankara.
• Omalsaad, A. K., Aminul, I., Murshida, A. J., Zahira, Y., & Mohamad, O. (2014). Genetic relationship between roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) and kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) accessions through optimization of PCR based RAPD method. Journal of Food and Agriculture, 26(3), 247-258. https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.v26i3.16498
• Omonhinmin, C. A., & Osawaru, M. E. (2005). Morphological characterization of two species of Abelmoschus esculentus and Abelmoschus caillei. Journal of Genetic Resources, 144, 51-55.
• Omuta, G. E. (1980). A profile of development of Bendel state of Nigeria publication in geography 1 no. 2. department of geography and regional planning. University of Benin.
• Oppong-Sekyere, D., Akromah, R., Nyamah, E. Y., Brenya, E., & Yeboah, S. (2011). Characterization of Okra (Abelmoschus spp. L.) germplasm based on morphological characters in Ghana. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 3(13), 367-378. https://doi.org/10.5897/JPBCS11.069
• Osawaru, M. E., Dania-Ogbe, F. M., Chime, A. O., & Ogwu, M. C. (2011). Epidermal morphology of West African Okra [Abelmoschus caillei (A. Chev.) Stevels] from South Western Nigeria. Science World Journal, 6(3), 15-22.
• Osawaru, M. E., Ogwu, M. C., Chime, A. O., & Osifo, E. (2012). Morphological characterization of fruits and protein profiling of nine accessions of cultivated Okra species in Nigeria. Biological and Environmental Science Journal for the Tropics, 6(1), 156-167.
• Osawaru, M. E., & Ogwu, M. C. (2013). Collecting West African Okra (Abelmoschus caillei (A. Chev.) Stevels) germplasm from traditional agriculture in parts of Southwestern Nigeria. The Bioscientist, 1(2), 171-181.
• Osawaru, M. E., Ogwu, M. C. & Emokpare, A. A. (2014a). Preliminary assessment of the microanatomy of Okra [Abelmoschus (L.)] wood. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, 5(1), 39-54. https://doi.org/10.21608/eajbsh.2014.16827
• Osawaru, M. E., Ogwu, M. C., & Omologbe, J. (2014b). Characterization of three Okra [Abelmoschus (L.)] accessions using morphology and SDS-PAGE for the basis of conservation. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, 5(1), 55-65. https://doi.org/10.21608/eajbsh.2014.16828
• Oyelade, O. J., Ade-Omowaye, B. I., & Adeomi, V. F. (2003). Influence of variety on protein, fat contents and some physical characteristics of okra seeds. Journal of Food Engineering, 57(2), 111-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0260-8774(02)00279-0
• Perera, L., Russell, J. R., Provan, J., & Powell, W. (2000). Use of microsatellite DNA markers to investigate the level of genetic diversity and population genetic structure of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.). Genome, 43(1), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.1139/gen-43-1-15
• Sharma, N., Dubey, A. K., Srivastav, M., Singh, B. P., & Singh, A. K., & Singh, N. K. (2015). Assessment of genetic diversity in grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) cultivars using physico-chemical parameters and microsatellite markers. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 9(1), 62-68.
• Shim, S. I., & Jørgensen, R. B. (2000). Genetic structure in cultivated and wild carrots (Daucus carota L.) revealed by AFLP analysis. Theory and Application of Genetics, 101, 227-233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001220051473
• Staub, J. E., Serquen, F. C., & Mccreight, J. D. (1997). Genetic diversity in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.): Iii. An evaluation of Indian germplasm. Genetic Research and Crop Evolution, 44, 315-326. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008639103328
• Wahlsteen, E., & Tyler, T. (2019). Morphometric analyses and species delimitation in Legousia (Campanulaceae). Willdenowia, 49(1), 21-33. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.49.49104