The Effect of Zeolite (Clinoptilolite) as a Feed Additive and Filter Material for Freshwater Aquariums

Year 2023, , 39 - 46, 30.06.2023

Meryem Öz , Orhan Aral

https://doi.org/10.56430/japro.1255407

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Ammonia, which occurs as a natural result of aquaculture in production facilities, has a negative effect on the quality of aquaculture water and aquatic organisms. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of zeolite in fish feed and in water, which has the ability to adsorb ammonium, on ammonia removal. In the study, 12 different experimental groups were organized by creating 0, 2, and 10% ratios for fish feed (G1-G3), groups that zeolite only in water (G4, G5), and combinations (zeolite and/or in water/in feed) of 0, 7, and 20 g/L amounts to water (G6-G12). When NH3 and TAN data of G1-G3 were examined, it was determined that although there was no statistical difference, it decreased proportionally with the increase in the amount of zeolite in the feed. The difference between water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, NH3 and TAN values in G4 and G5 groups was found to be insignificant. The dissolved oxygen, pH, NH3 and TAN values between the groups (G6-G12) were statistically different. As a result, it was determined that 10% addition of zeolite into the feed decreased the TAN values by 37%, and the addition of 10% into the feed and 20 g/L into the water decreased the TAN values by 45%. When the results are evaluated from another point of view, considering the economy and ease of use, it is concluded that 2% zeolite in feed and/or 7 g/L in water can be recommended for aquatic species with high tolerance to ammonia values.

Keywords

Feed additive, Filter material, Water parameters, Zeolite

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

108O307

Thanks

This research was produced from doctorate thesis. We would like to thank TÜBİTAK, which supported this thesis with the project numbered 108O307 within the scope of the Rapid Support Program, to the project team that carried out the project, to SİBAL A.Ş., which we saw their support in the supply and analysis of feed raw materials and ENLİ MADENCİLİK A.Ş. for helping in the supply of raw materials and zeolite raw materials.

References

• Abdulathem, A. A., & Al-Rudainy, A. J. (2021). Effect of dietary zeolite on ammonia city and on some of blood parameters in common carp Cyprinus carpio. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 52(5), 1276-1283. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v52i5.1465
• Al Amir, M. A., Eid, A. H. S., & Ali, B. A. (2022). Effects of dietary natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) levels on water quality, growth performance and feed utilization of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Journal of Animal, Poultry & Fish Production, 11(1), 65-73. https://doi.org/10.21608/japfp.2022.284101
• Ashrafizadeh, S. N., Khorasani, Z., & Gorjiara, M. (2008). Ammonia removal from aqueous solutions by ıranian natural zeolite. Separation Science and Technology, 43(4), 960–978. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496390701870614
• Berka, R. (1986). The transport of live fish a review. EIFAC Technical Paper.
• Bilgin, O. (2017). Technologic tests of turkey-gordes zeolite minerals. Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 5(5), 252-265. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2017.55021
• Bower, C. E., & Turner, D. T. (1982). Ammonia removal by clinoptilolite in the transport of ornamental frehswater fishes. Progressive Fish Culture, 44(1), 19-23. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1982)44[19:ARBCIT]2.0.CO;2
• Chow C. W. K., Davey D. E., & Mulcahy D. E. (1997). An intelligent sensor system for the determination of ammonia using flow injection analysis. Laboratory Automation & Information Management, 33(1), 17-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1381-141X(97)00004-X
• Durborow, R. M., Crosby, D., & Brunson, M. W. (1997). Ammonia in fish ponds. SRAC Publication.
• Emadi, H., Nezhad, J. E., & Pourbagher, H. (2001). In vitro comparison of zeolite (clinoptilolite) and activated carbon as ammonia absorbants in fish culture. Naga, The Iclarm Quarterly, 24(1-2), 18-20.
• Emerson, K. R. C., Russo, R. E., & Thurston, R. V. (1975). Aqueous ammonia equilibrium calculations: Effect of pH and temperature. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 32, 2379-2383. https://doi.org/10.1139/f75-274
• EPA. (1999). Ambient water quality criteria for ammonia. https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=P1005JLO.txt
• Ghasemi, Z., Sourinejad, I., Kazemian, H., & Rohani, S. (2018). Application of zeolites in aquaculture industry: A review. Reviews in Aquaculture, 10(1), 75–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12148
• Ghiasi, F., & Jasour, M. S. (2012). The effects of natural zeolite (Clinoptilolte) on water quality, growth performance and nutritional parameters of fresh water aquarium fish, angel (Pterophyllum scalare). International Journal of Research in Fisheries and Aquaculture, 2(3), 22-25.
• Ibrahim, I. H., El-Bab, A. F. F., & El-Din, M. T. S. (2016). Evaluation of natural zeolite (Clinoptilolite) as a feed additive in Nile tilapia fish diets and its influences on growth performance, genetic traits and fish health. Abassa International Journal of Aquaculture, 9(2), 253-287.
• Jorgensen, T. C. (2002). Removal of ammonia from wastewater by ion exchange in the presence of organic compounds (Master’s thesis, Canterbury University).
• Karadağ, D., Koç, Y., Turan, M., & Armağan, B. (2006). Removal of ammonium ion from aqueous solution using natural Turkish clinoptilolite. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 136(3), 604-609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.12.042
• Lazzari, R., & Baldisserotto, B. (2008). Nitrogen and Phosphorus Waste in Fish Farming. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca Sao Paulo, 34(4), 591-600.
• Maulini, R., Sahlinal, D., & Arifin, O. (2022). Monitoring of pH, amonia (NH3) and temperature parameters aquaponic water in the 4.0 revolution era. 2nd International Conference on Agriculture and Applied Science (ICoAAS 2021).
• Mazeikiene, A., Valentukeviciene, M., Rimeika, M., Matuzevicius, A. B., & Dauknys, R. (2008). Removal of nitrates and ammonium ions from water using natural sorbent zeolites (clinoptilolite). Journal of Envirenmental Engineering and Landsapace Managament, 16(1), 38-44. https://doi.org/10.3846/1648-6897.2008.16.38-44
• Mumpton, F. A., & Fishman, P. H. (1977). The application of natural zeolites in animal science and aquaculture. Journal of Aniımal Science, 45(5), 1188. https://doi.org/10.2527/JAS1977.4551188X
• Öz, M., Şahin, D., Öz, Ü., Karslı, Z., & Aral, O. (2017). Investigation of ammonium saturation and desorption conditions of clinoptilolite type zeolite in aquarium conditions. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 5(12), 1590-1594. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i12.1590-1594.1670
• Öz, M., Şahin, D., Karslı, Z., Aral, O., & Bahtiyar, M. (2021). Investigation of the use of zeolite (Clinoptilolite) as aquarium filtration material for electric blue hap (Sciaenochromis ahli). Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, 10(2), 207–212. https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.895198
• Peyghan, R., & Azar Takamy, G. (2002) Histopathological, serum enzyme, cholesterol and urea changes in experimental acute toxicity of ammonia in Common carp Cyprinus carpio and use of natural zeolite for prevention. Aquaculture International, 10, 317-325. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022408529458
• Prajapati, S. (2014). Cation exchange for ammonia removal from wastewater (Master’s thesis, Tampere University).
• Purwono, A. R., Hibbaan, M., & Budihardjo, M. A. (2017). Ammonia-Nitrogen (NH3-N) and Ammonium-Nitrogen (NH4+-N) equilibrium on the process of removing nitrogen by using tubular plastic media. Journal of Materials and Environmental Sciences, 8(S), 4915-4922.
• Skleničková, K., Koloušek, D., Pečenka, M., Vejmelková, D., Šlouf, M., & Růžičková, I. (2020). Application of zeolite filters in fish breeding recirculation systems and their effect on nitrifying bacteria. Aquaculture, 516, 734605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734605
• Shalaby, A. M., Khames, M. K., Fathy, A., Gharieb, A. A., & Abdel-Hamid, E. A. (2021). The impact of zeolite on ammonia toxicity, growth performance and physiological status of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromius niloticus). Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries, 25(1), 643– 663.
• Sing, R. K., Vartak, V. R., Balange, A. K., & Ghughuskar, M. M. (2004). Water quality management during transportation of fry of Indian Major carps, Catla catla (Hamilton), Labeo rohita (Hamilton), Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton). Aquaculture, 235, 297-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.12.011
• Sirakov, I., Velichkova, K., Stoyanova, S., Dinev, D., & Staykov, Y. (2015). Application of natural zeolites and macrophytes for water treatment in recirculation aquaculture systems. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 21(Supplement 1), 147–153.
• Şahin, D., Öz, M., Sertaşı, E., Öz, Ü., Karslı, Z., & Aral, O. (2018a). Evaluation of natural minerals (zeolite and bentonite) for nitrogen compounds adsorption in different water temperatures suitable for aquaculture. International Letters of Natural Sciences, 71, 34-42. https://doi.org/10.56431/p-f8l51a
• Şahin, D., Sertaşı, E., Öz, M., Öz, Ü., Karslı, Z., & Aral, O. (2018b). Ammonium removal in aquatic conditions using different levels of calcium bentonite. Gaziosmanpasa Journal of Scientific Research, 7(3), 61-69.
• Şahin, D., Öz, M., Sertaşı, E., Öz, Ü., Karslı, Z., & Aral, O. (2019). Adsorption process of ammonium by natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) from aqueous solution for aquaculture application. Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research, 5(2), 136-141. https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.420380
• Tekeşoğlu, H., & Ergün, S. (2021). Effects of dietary natural zeolite (Clinoptilolite) on growth and some blood parameters of rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792). Acta Aquatica Turcica, 17(1), 119-128. https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.765667
• Terlizzi, D. (1996). Water quality issue in aquaculture: Ammonia. Maryland Aquafarmer, 3, 403-4220.
• Valpotić, H., Gračner, D., Turk, R., Đuričić, D., Vince, S., Folnožić, I., Lojkić, M., Žaja, I. Ž., Bedrica, L., Maćešić, N., Getz, I., Dobranić, T., & Samardžija, M. (2017). Zeolite clinoptilolite nanoporous feed additive for animals of veterinary importance: Potentials and limitations. Periodicum Biologorum, 119(3), 159–172. https://doi.org/10.18054/pb.v119i3.5434
• YSI. (2007). YSI professional plus user manual. https://www.ysi.com/file%20library/documents/manuals/605596-ysi-proplus-user-manual-revd.pdf
• YSI. (2010). Understanding ammonia in aquaculture ponds. https://www.ysi.com
• Zabochnicha-Swiatek, M., & Malinska, K. (2010). Removal of ammonia by clinoptilolite. Global Nest Journal, 12(3), 256-261.
• Zhang, Z., & Perschbacher, P. (2003). Comparison of the zeolite sodium chabazite and activated chorcoal for ammonia control in sealed containers. Asian Fisheries Sciences, 16(2003), 141-145. https://doi.org/10.33997/j.afs.2003.16.2.005
• Zain, R. A. M. M., Shaari, N. F. I., Amin, M. F. M., & Jani, M. (2018). Effects of different dose of zeolite (clinoptilolite) in improving water quality and growth performance of red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 13(24), 9421-9426.
• Zhou, L., & Boyd, C. E. (2014). Total ammonia nitrogen removal from aqueous solutions by the natural zeolite, mordenite: A laboratory test and experimental study. Aquaculture, 432, 252-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.05.019