Effects of Magnetic Field Exposure and Growth Regulators on Callus Induction and Shoot Regeneration in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Embryo Culture

Münüre Tanur Erkoyuncu; Neslihan Doruk Kahraman; Mustafa Yıldız

doi:10.56430/japro.1759992

EN

Effects of Magnetic Field Exposure and Growth Regulators on Callus Induction and Shoot Regeneration in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Embryo Culture

Abstract

Magnetic field (MF) exposure has been increasingly explored as a physical factor associated with altered morphogenic responses in plant tissue culture systems. This study investigated the effects of different MF exposure durations, applied at the seed stage, in combination with plant growth regulators (PGRs) on callus induction, shoot regeneration, rooting, and acclimatization in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) immature embryo cultures. Following MF treatment, seeds were grown under normal conditions, and immature embryos were subsequently isolated and cultured in vitro. Three cultivars (Aydanhanım, Baronesse, and Bolayır) were evaluated under MF treatments (0, 24, 48, and 72 h) and various auxin–cytokinin combinations. The results revealed pronounced genotype-dependent responses to both MF exposure and PGR composition. Dicamba consistently promoted higher callus induction across all cultivars, whereas the effectiveness of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was markedly reduced, particularly in Baronesse. MF exposure was associated with increased callus fresh weight in Bolayır and Baronesse, especially under longer exposure durations. Optimal shoot regeneration was generally obtained with 48-h MF exposure combined with moderate 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) concentrations (0.1–0.5 mg L⁻¹), although the optimal MF duration varied among cultivars. Rooting responses were also genotype specific: Bolayır exhibited successful rooting under all MF treatments, whereas Baronesse required prolonged MF exposure, and no rooting was observed in Aydanhanım. Although flowering occurred during acclimatization, endosperm development was not detected in any treatment group, including the MF-free control, suggesting that this outcome may reflect physiological constraints associated with the in vitro regeneration process rather than MF-specific effects. Overall, these findings emphasize the importance of genotype-specific optimization of MF duration and PGR composition in barley tissue culture and highlight the need for further molecular studies to elucidate MF-associated physiological and regulatory mechanisms.

Keywords

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), Callus induction, Magnetic field exposure, Plant growth regulators, Rooting, Shoot regeneration

Ethical Statement

This study does not require ethical committee approval.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Plant Biotechnology in Agriculture, Agricultural Biotechnology Diagnostics, Agricultural Biotechnology (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Münüre Tanur Erkoyuncu ^*
0000-0001-5004-4771
Türkiye

Neslihan Doruk Kahraman
0000-0002-3613-4399
Türkiye

Mustafa Yıldız
0000-0001-8468-2763
Türkiye

Publication Date

March 27, 2026

Submission Date

August 7, 2025

Acceptance Date

February 9, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 7 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.56430/japro.1759992

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA67FW47RY

APA

Tanur Erkoyuncu, M., Doruk Kahraman, N., & Yıldız, M. (2026). Effects of Magnetic Field Exposure and Growth Regulators on Callus Induction and Shoot Regeneration in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Embryo Culture. Journal of Agricultural Production, 7(1), 20-34. https://doi.org/10.56430/japro.1759992

AMA

1.Tanur Erkoyuncu M, Doruk Kahraman N, Yıldız M. Effects of Magnetic Field Exposure and Growth Regulators on Callus Induction and Shoot Regeneration in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Embryo Culture. J Agri Pro. 2026;7(1):20-34. doi:10.56430/japro.1759992

Chicago

Tanur Erkoyuncu, Münüre, Neslihan Doruk Kahraman, and Mustafa Yıldız. 2026. “Effects of Magnetic Field Exposure and Growth Regulators on Callus Induction and Shoot Regeneration in Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Embryo Culture”. Journal of Agricultural Production 7 (1): 20-34. https://doi.org/10.56430/japro.1759992.

EndNote

Tanur Erkoyuncu M, Doruk Kahraman N, Yıldız M (March 1, 2026) Effects of Magnetic Field Exposure and Growth Regulators on Callus Induction and Shoot Regeneration in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Embryo Culture. Journal of Agricultural Production 7 1 20–34.

IEEE

[1]M. Tanur Erkoyuncu, N. Doruk Kahraman, and M. Yıldız, “Effects of Magnetic Field Exposure and Growth Regulators on Callus Induction and Shoot Regeneration in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Embryo Culture”, J Agri Pro, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 20–34, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.56430/japro.1759992.

ISNAD

Tanur Erkoyuncu, Münüre - Doruk Kahraman, Neslihan - Yıldız, Mustafa. “Effects of Magnetic Field Exposure and Growth Regulators on Callus Induction and Shoot Regeneration in Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Embryo Culture”. Journal of Agricultural Production 7/1 (March 1, 2026): 20-34. https://doi.org/10.56430/japro.1759992.

JAMA

1.Tanur Erkoyuncu M, Doruk Kahraman N, Yıldız M. Effects of Magnetic Field Exposure and Growth Regulators on Callus Induction and Shoot Regeneration in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Embryo Culture. J Agri Pro. 2026;7:20–34.

MLA

Tanur Erkoyuncu, Münüre, et al. “Effects of Magnetic Field Exposure and Growth Regulators on Callus Induction and Shoot Regeneration in Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Embryo Culture”. Journal of Agricultural Production, vol. 7, no. 1, Mar. 2026, pp. 20-34, doi:10.56430/japro.1759992.

Vancouver

1.Münüre Tanur Erkoyuncu, Neslihan Doruk Kahraman, Mustafa Yıldız. Effects of Magnetic Field Exposure and Growth Regulators on Callus Induction and Shoot Regeneration in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Embryo Culture. J Agri Pro. 2026 Mar. 1;7(1):20-34. doi:10.56430/japro.1759992

Abstract

Effects of Magnetic Field Exposure and Growth Regulators on Callus Induction and Shoot Regeneration in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Embryo Culture

Abstract

Keywords

Ethical Statement

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

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