Hava Yollarının Kentsel Hava Hareketlilik Stratejileri

Abstract

Kentsel Hava Hareketliliği (Urban Air Mobility-UAM), yeni teknolojilerin sağladığı ve çok modlu ulaşım sistemlerine entegre edilen, kentsel ortamlarda yolcu ve kargo için yeni, güvenli, emniyetli ve daha sürdürülebilir bir hava ulaşım sistemi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu makalede (UAM) kavramının hava yolu endüstrisindeki şirketlerin gelecek stratejilerine etkilerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada Web of Science ve Scopus veri tabanlarından “Kentsel Hava Hareketliliği”, “Hava Taksi” ve “Havacılıkta Stratejik Yönetim” sözcükleri aratılmış olup 2018 ve sonrası sadece akademik makaleler seçilerek literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Ayrıca Airbus, Boeing, UBER şirketleri ve Ulusal Havacılık ve Uzay İdaresi (NASA), Avrupa Havacılık Emniyeti Ajansı (EASA), Uluslararası Sivil Havacılık Teşkilatı (ICAO), Federal Havacılık İdaresi (FAA) havacılık otoritelerinin UAM ile ilgili web siteleri, faaliyet raporları, akademik yayınlar aracılığıyla veriler elde edilmiştir. Hava yolları için geleceğin hava stratejik hareketliliği olarak görülen UAM, stratejik analiz yöntemi olan SWOT analiz yöntemiyle hava yollarının gelecek stratejisine etkileri tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda SWOT analizin de UAM’ın kendine özgü güçlü ve zayıf yönleri belirlenmiştir. Yine yapılan analizde UAM’ın tüm şirketler için ortak bazı tehdit ve fırsatlarının olduğu da ortaya konulmuştur.

Keywords

• Kentesel Hava Hareketliliğ
• Hava Taksi
• Havacılıkta Stratejik Yönetim
• SWOT Analizi
• Strategic Management in Aviation

Urban Air Mobility Strategies of Airlines

Abstract

Urban Air Mobility is defined as a recent, sustainable, secure, and safe air transport system for both travelers and loads in urban environments, enabled by current technologies and combined into multimodal transport systems. In this article, the aim of the study is to determine the effects of the Urban Air Mobility strategies of enterprises in the airline industry. In the study, the words “Urban Air Mobility”, “Air Taxi” and “Strategic Management in Aviation” were searched from Web of Science and Scopus databases, and only academic articles were selected from 2018 and later and a literature review was conducted. In addition, data were provided by the websites of Airbus, Boeing, NASA, UBER, EASA, ICAO, FAA aviation authorities related to UAM, annual reports, and academic publications. The effects of UAM, which is seen as the air strategic mobility of the future, on the strategies of the airlines were tried to be determined by SWOT analysis. The effects of UAM, which is seen as the air strategic mobility of the future, on the strategies of the airlines were tried to be determined by SWOT analysis method.

Keywords

• Urban Air Mobilty
• Air Taxi
• Strategic Management in Aviation
• SWOT Analysis

References

1. Ahluwalia, R. K., J. K. Peng, X. Wang, D. Papadias, ve J. Kopasz. (2021). Performance and Cost of Fuel Cells for Urban Air Mobility. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 46(74):36917-29. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.08.211.
2. AIRBUS. 2022. Urban Air Mobility. Urban Air Mobility Taking urban transport into the sky. Erişim tarihi 06 Kasım 2022 (https://www.airbus.com/en/innovation/zero- emission-journey/urban-air-mobility).
3. Akash, Arumugam, Vijayaraj Stephen Joseph Raj, Ramesh Sushmitha, Boga Prateek, SankarasubramanianAditya, ve Veloorillom Madhavan Sreehari. 2021. “Design and Analysis of VTOL Operated Intercity Electrical Vehicle for Urban Air Mobility”. Electronics 11(1):20. doi: 10.3390/electronics11010020.
4. Akbar, Yusaf H., ve Maciej Kisilowski. (2020). To Bargain or Not to Bargain: Airlines, Legitimacy and Nonmarket Strategy in a COVID-19 World. Journal of Air Transport Management 88:101867. doi:10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101867.
5. Al Haddad, Christelle, Mengying Fu, Anna Straubinger, Kay Plötner, ve Constantinos Antoniou. (2020). Choosing Suitable Indicators for the Assessment of Urban Air Mobility: A Case Study of UpperBavaria, Germany” European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research 214-232 Pages.doi: 10.18757/EJTIR.2020.20.4.4464.
6. Bai, Bingfeng. (2022). Strategic Business Management for Airport Alliance: A Complex Network Approach to Simulation Robustness Analysis. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications 606:126682. doi: 10.1016/j.physa.2021.126682.
7. Bennaceur, Mehdi, Rémi Delmas, ve Youssef Hamadi. (2022). Passenger-Centric Urban Air Mobility: Fairness Trade-Offs and Operational Efficiency. Transportation Research Part C: EmergingTechnologies 136:103519. doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2021.103519.
8. Bertram, Josh, Peng Wei, ve Joseph Zambreno. (2022). A Fast Markov Decision Process- Based Algorithm for Collision Avoidance in Urban Air Mobility. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 23(9):15420-33. doi: 10.1109/TITS.2022.3140724.

9. Biehle, Tobias. (2022). Social Sustainable Urban Air Mobility in Europe. Sustainability 14(15):9312. doi:10.3390/su14159312.
10. BOEING. 2022. Urban air mobility Concept of Operations (ConOps)”. https://www.boeing.com/innovation/con-ops/index.page. Erişim tarihi 06 Kasım 2022(https://www.boeing.com/innovation/con-ops/index.page).
11. Brown, Arthur, ve Wesley L. Harris. (2020). Vehicle Design and Optimization Model for Urban AirMobility. Journal of Aircraft 57(6):1003-13. doi: 10.2514/1.C035756.
12. Bulusu, Vishwanath, Emin Burak Onat, Raja Sengupta, Pavan Yedavalli, ve Jane Macfarlane. (2021). ATraffic Demand Analysis Method for Urban Air Mobility. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 22(9):6039-47. doi: 10.1109/TITS.2021.3052229.
13. Chen, Ming-Jer, ve Danny Miller. (2012). Competitive Dynamics: Themes, Trends, and a ProspectiveResearch Platform”. Academy of Management Annals 6(1):135-210. doi: 10.5465/19416520.2012.660762.
14. Cohen, Adam P., Susan A. Shaheen, ve Emily M. Farrar. (2021). Urban Air Mobility: History, Ecosystem, Market Potential, and Challenges. IEEE Transactions on 45 Intelligent Transportation Systems 22(9):6074-87. doi: 10.1109/TITS.2021.3082767.
15. Craven, Nicholas, Savita Verma, Spencer Monheim, Annie Cheng, Chin Seah, Fritz Renema, ve Amir Farrahi. (2021). Preliminary Evaluation of National Campaign Scenarios for Urban Air Mobility”.Ss. 1-8 içinde 2021 IEEE/AIAA 40th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). San Antonio,TX, USA: IEEE.
16. Çetin, Ender, Alicia Cano, Robin Deransy, Sergi Tres, ve Cristina Barrado. (2022). Implementing Mitigationsfor Improving Societal Acceptance of Urban Air Mobility. Drones 6(2):28. doi: 10.3390/drones6020028.
17. Dai, Rongjian, Chuan Ding, Jian Gao, Xinkai Wu, ve Bin Yu. (2022). Optimization and Evaluation for Autonomous Taxi Ride-Sharing Schedule and Depot Location from the Perspective of Energy Consumption. Applied Energy 308:118388. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.118388.
18. EASA. (2022). Urban air mobility”. Erişim tarihi 07 Aralık 2022 (https://www.easa.europa.eu/en/what-is-uam). Eißfeldt, Hinnerk. (2020). Sustainable Urban Air Mobility Supported with Participatory Noise Sensing”. Electric and All-Electric Power Systems for Urban Air Mobility. Energies 15(2):638. doi:10.3390/en15020638. FAA. 2022. Urban Air Mobility and Advanced Air Mobility. https://www.faa.gov/uas/advanced_operations/urban_air_mobility. Geliş tarihi 06 Kasım 2022(https://www.faa.gov/uas/advanced_operations/urban_air_mobility).
19. Garrow, Laurie A., Brian J. German, ve Caroline E. Leonard. (2021). Urban Air Mobility: A Comprehensive Review and Comparative Analysis with Autonomous and Electric Ground Transportation for Informing Future Research”. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 132:103377.doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2021.103377.
20. Gerede, Ender. (2015). Havayolu Taşımacılığı ve Ekonomik Düzenlemeler Teori ve Türkiye Uygulaması.
21. Goyal, Rohit, Colleen Reiche, Chris Fernando, ve Adam Cohen. (2021). Advanced Air Mobility: DemandAnalysis and Market Potential of the Airport Shuttle and Air Taxi Markets. Sustainability 13(13):7421. doi: 10.3390/su13137421.
22. Hae Choi, Jong, ve Yonghwa Park. (2022). Exploring Economic Feasibility for Airport Shuttle Service ofUrban Air Mobility (UAM). Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 162:267-81.doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2022.06.004.
23. ICAO. 2019. IHGL Aviation Benefits Report. Erişim Tarihi tarihi 06 Aralık 2022 (https://www.icao.int/sustainability/Documents/AVIATION-BENEFITS-2019- web.pdf).
24. Jha, Ayush, Nirmit Prabhakar, Dominik Karbowski, ve Brian German. (2022). Urban Air Mobility: A preliminary case study for Chicago and Atlanta. Ss. 300-306 içinde 2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC). Anaheim, CA, USA: IEEE.
25. Koumoutsidi, Annitsa, Ioanna Pagoni, ve Amalia Polydoropoulou. (2022). A New Mobility Era:Stakeholders’ Insights Regarding Urban Air Mobility. Sustainability 14(5):3128. doi:10.3390/su14053128. 46
26. Kwon, Deokkyu, Seunghwan Son, Yohan Park, Hyungpyo Kim, Youngho Park, Sangwoo Lee, ve YongsungJeon. (2022). Design of Secure Handover Authentication Scheme for Urban Air Mobility Environments”. IEEE Access 10:42529-41. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3168843.
27. Linden, Erik. (2021). Pandemics and Environmental Shocks: What Aviation Managers Should Learn fromCOVID-19 for Long-Term Planning. Journal of Air Transport Management 90:101944. doi: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101944. NASA. (2022). “Envisioning a Future Airspace with Advanced Air Mobility”.
28. https://www.nasa.gov/feature/envisioning-a-future-airspace-with-advanced-air- mobility. Neto, Euclides C. Pinto, Derick M. Baum, Jorge Rady de Almeida Junior, João Batista Camargo Junior, ve Paulo Sérgio Cugnasca. (2019). Trajectory-Based Urban Air Mobility (UAM) Operations Simulator(TUS). doi: 10.48550/ARXIV.1908.08651.
29. Pinto Neto, Euclides Carlos, Derick Moreira Baum, Jorge Rady de Almeida, Joao Batista Camargo, ve PauloSergio Cugnasca. (2022). A Trajectory Evaluation Platform for Urban Air Mobility (UAM)”. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 23(7):9136-45. doi: 10.1109/TITS.2021.3091411.
30. Pisoni, E., P. Christidis, P. Thunis, ve M. Trombetti. (2019). Evaluating the Impact of ‘Sustainable UrbanMobility Plans’ on Urban Background Air Quality. Journal of Environmental Management 231:249-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.039.
31. Pons-Prats, Jordi, Tanja Živojinović, ve Jovana Kuljanin. (2022). On the Understanding of the Current Statusof Urban Air Mobility Development and Its Future Prospects: Commuting in a Flying Vehicle as a New Paradigm. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 166:102868. doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2022.102868.
32. Porter, Michael. (1980). Competitive Strategy Techniques For Analyzing Industries and Competitors. NewYork: The Free Press.
33. Porter, Michael. (1996). What is strategy. Harvard Business Rewiev.
34. Rajendran, Suchithra, ve Sharan Srinivas. (2020). Air Taxi Service for Urban Mobility: A Critical Review of Recent Developments, Future Challenges, and Opportunities. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 143:102090. doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2020.102090.
35. Rath, Srushti, ve Joseph Y. J. Chow. (2022). Air Taxi Skyport Location Problem with Single-Allocation Choice-Constrained Elastic Demand for Airport Access. Journal of Air Transport Management105:102294. doi: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2022.102294.
36. Rothfeld, Raoul, Mengying Fu, Miloš Balać, ve Constantinos Antoniou. (2021). Potential Urban Air MobilityTravel Time Savings: An Exploratory Analysis of Munich, Paris, and San Francisco. Sustainability13(4):2217. doi: 10.3390/su13042217.
37. Shin, Hyelim, Taesik Lee, ve Hyun-Rok Lee. (2022). Skyport Location Problem for Urban Air Mobility System. Computers & Operations Research 138:105611. doi: 10.1016/j.cor.2021.105611.
38. Straubinger, Anna, Raoul Rothfeld, Michael Shamiyeh, Kai-Daniel Büchter, Jochen Kaiser, ve Kay OlafPlötner. (2020a). “An Overview of Current Research and Developments in Urban Air Mobility –47
39. Straubinger, A., Rothfeld R., Michael Shamiyeh, Kai-Daniel Büchter, Jochen Kaiser, ve Kay Olaf Plötner. (2020b). “An Overview of Current Research and Developments in Urban Air Mobility – Setting the Scene for UAM Introduction. Journal of Air Transport Management 87:101852.
40. Tuncal, A., ve Uslu, S. (2021). Kentsel Hava Hareketliliği Kavramının Gelişiminde İki Önemli Faktör: ATM ve Toplum. KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırma Dergisi 23(41):564-77.
41. UBER. (2022). Uber Elevate eCRM-001. https://evtol.news/uber-elevate-ecrm-001/. Erişim tarihi 06 Kasım2022 (https://evtol.news/uber-elevate-ecrm-001/).
42. Wensveen, J.G. (2021). Air Transportation: A Management Perspective. Routledge.
43. Winter, Scott R., Stephen Rice, ve Tracy L. Lamb. (2020). A Prediction Model of Consumer’s Willingness toFly in Autonomous Air Taxis. Journal of Air Transport Management 89:101926. doi: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101926.
44. Yavaş, V. ve Dedeoğlu, A.Ö. (2021). Hava Taşımacılığında Değişen İş Modelleri. Akıllı UlaşımSistemleri ve Uygulamaları Dergisi. doi: 10.51513/jitsa.957540.