ART-BASED RESEARCH METHOD “AUTOETHNOGRAPHY”

Abstract

In this article, art-based research approach and "autoetnography" method, a popular form of qualitative research, are examined. In autoetnography, the relationship of the person with culture is addressed in an expressive language. In the method that combines the personal and the social, the reflexive relationships between "essence" and "culture" are tried to be discovered. In the research, based on art-based research; the definition and historical development of autoethnography, its place in art-based research, its features, usage areas, autoethnographic approaches, types and descriptive information about the content of the method are included. In this sense, it is aimed to gain in-depth knowledge about the concept. For this purpose, the connection of autoethnography method, which is accepted as creative, didactic and non-fictional, with personal and culture has been tried to be revealed clearly. In addition, thanks to an etymological examination, it is explained how autoethnography a multidimensional research method is. What distinguishes this research method from the current literature is that, contrary to traditional research methods, "autoetnography" as a new research method has been handled as a more original methodology than the combination of science and art.

Keywords

• Autoethnography
• Art-based research
• Culture
• Storytelling method

SANAT TEMELLİ ARAŞTIRMA YÖNTEMİ “OTOETNOGRAFİ”

Abstract

Bu makalede, sanat temelli araştırma yaklaşımı ve nitel araştırmanın popüler bir formu olan “otoetnografi” yöntemi incelenmektedir. Otoetnografi’de kişinin kültürle olan ilişkisi anlatımcı bir dille ele alınmaktadır. Kişisel ve toplumsal olanı kaynaştıran yöntemde “öz” ve “kültür” arasındaki dönüşlü ilişkiler keşfedilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Araştırmada, sanat temelli araştırmadan yola çıkılarak; otoetnografi’nin tanımı ve tarihsel gelişimi, sanat temelli araştırmadaki yeri, özellikleri, kullanım alanları, otoetnografik yaklaşımlar, türleri ve yöntemin içeriği hakkında tanımlayıcı bilgilere yer verilmiştir. Bu anlamda, kavram hakkında derinlemesine bilgi edinilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, yaratıcı, didaktik ve kurgusallık dışı olarak kabul edilen otoetnografi yönteminin kişisel ve kültürle olan bağlantısı açık bir şekilde ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada etimolojik bir inceleme sayesinde, otoetnografi’nin nasıl çok boyutlu bir araştırma biçimi olduğu anlatılmaktadır. Söz konusu bu araştırma yöntemini mevcut literatürden ayıran şey ise geleneksel araştırma yöntemlerinin aksine, yeni bir araştırma yöntemi olarak “otoetnografi”nin bilim ve sanatın bir araya getirilmesinden daha özgün bir metodoloji olarak ele alınmış olmasıdır

Keywords

• Otoetnografi
• Sanat temelli araştırma
• Kültür
• Hikâye anlatıcılığı

References

1. ANDERSON, L., 2006, Analytical autoethnography, Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 35, 373-396.
2. BALL, H., 2002, Subversive materials: Quilts as social text, The Alberta Journal of Educational Research, XLVIII (3), CD-ROM, pp. 1-29.
3. BARONE, T. & EİSNER, E.W., 1997, Arts-based educational research. R. M. Jaeger (Ed.), Complementary methods for research in education içinde (s. 73-115). Washington: American Educational Research Association.
4. BOCHNER, A. P., 2000, Criteria against ourselves. Qualitative Inquiry 6, 266 72.
5. Bochner, A. P., 2001, Between research and art: Connecting life to work through personal narrative and autoethnography, Keynote address presented at Arts and Narrative Inquiries Conference, The University of Art and Design, Helsinki, Finland.
6. BOCHNER, A. P., 2001, Narrative’s virtues, Qualitative Inquiry 7, 131–57.
7. BOYD, D., 2008, Autoethnography as a tool for transformative learning about white privilege, Journal of Transformative Education, 6(3), 212-225.
8. BRUNER, J., 2002, Making stories: Law, literature, and life, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

9. CARSON, T. R., and D. J. SUMARA, EDS., 1997, Action Research as a Living Practice, New York: Peter Lang.
10. CHANG, H., 2008, Autoethnography as method, Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press.
11. CHASE, S., 2005, Narrative inquiry: Multiple lenses, approaches, voices, In N. Denzin and Y. Lincoln (Eds.), SAGE handbook of qualitative research, 3rd ed, pp. 651 679). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
12. COLE, A. L. and KNOWLES J. G., 2000, Researching teaching: Exploring teacher development through reflexive inquiry, Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
13. CRAWFORD, L., 1996, Personal ethnography, Communication Monographs, 63, 158-17.
14. DAVİS, D. and BUTLER-KİSBER, L., 1999, Arts-based representation in qualitative research: Collage as a contextualizing analytic strategy, Paper delivered at the AERA (American Educational Research Association) annual meeting, Montreal, Quebec, April 19-23, 1999.
15. DECK, A., 1990, Autoethnography: Zora Neale Hurston, Noni Jabdavu, and cross-disciplinary discourse, Black American Literature Forum 24: 237–56.
16. DENZİN, N. K., 2008, Interpretive biography. J. G. Knowles & A. L. Cole (Ed.), Handbook of the arts in qualitative research: Perspectives, methodologies, examples, and issues içinde (s. 117-125). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
17. DENZİN, N. and Y. LİNCOLN., 2000, Handbook of qualitative research. 2d ed. Thousand Oaks, Cal.: Sage.
18. DENZİN. N., 2000, The practices and politics of interpretation, In Handbook of qualitative research, eds. N. Denzin and Y. Lincoln (pp. 897–922). Thousand Oaks, Cal.: Sage.
19. DİAMOND, C. T. P. and MULLEN, C. A., 1999, The postmodern educator: Arts-based inquiries and teacher development, New York: Peter Lang.
20. DİAMOND, P., 1998, Brethen [and sisters] in bonds: Arts-based release from marginalization, Curriculum Inquiry 28 (4), pp. 387-395.
21. DİANNE KİDD, J., and FİNLAYSON, M., 2010, Mental illness in the nursing workplace: A collective autoethnography, Contemporary Nurse, 36(1-2), 21-33.
22. DOTY, R. L., 2010, Autoethnography – Making Human Connections, Review of International Studies 36 (4): 1047–1050. doi:10.1017/S026021051000118X.
23. EİSNER, E. W., 1997, The new frontier in qualitative research methodology, Qualitative Inquiry, 3(3), 259-273.
24. EİSNER, E. W., 1981, On the Differences between Scientific and Artistic Approaches to Qualitative Research, Educational Researcher, 10 (4): 5–9. doi:10.3102/0013189X01000 4005.
25. ELLİS, C., 1995), Final negotiations, Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
26. ELLİS, C., 2004, The ethnographic I: A methodological novel about autoethnography, Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
27. ELLİS, C. and BOCHNER, A. P., 2000, Autoethnography, personal narrative, and personal reflexivity, In N. Denzin & Y. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (2nd ed., pp. 733-768). Thousand Oak, CA: Sage Publication.
28. ELLİS, C., ADAMS, T., & BOCHNER, A. P., 2011, January, Autoethnography: An overview. Retrieved from http://http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1101108.
29. ELLİS, C. and ELLİNGSON. L., 2000, Qualitative methods. In Encyclopedia of sociology, 2d ed., eds. E. Borgatta and R. Montgomery, New York: Macmillan, pp. 2287–96.
30. GANS, H., 1999, Participant observation in the era of ethnography, Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 28: 540–48.
31. GOODALL, H. L., 2003, What is interpretive ethnography? An eclectics tale. In R.P. Clair (Ed.), Expressions of ethnography: novel approaches to qualitative methods, Albany: State University of New York Press, pp. 55-63.
32. GOUZOUASİS, P. and Ryu, J. Y., 2014, A pedagogical tale from the piano studio: autoethnography in early childhood music education research, Music Education Research, DOI: 10.1080/14613808.2014.972924.
33. GOUZOUASİS, P., 2013, The Metaphor of Tonality in Artography, UNESCO Observatory Multi-Disciplinary Journal in the Arts: E-Journal, 3 (2). http://education.unimelb.edu.au/__ data/assets/pdf_file/0011/1107974/009.
34. HAYANO, D. M., 1979, Auto-Ethnography: Paradigms, problems, and prospects, Human Organization, 38: 113–20.
35. HEİDER, K., 1975, What do people do? Dani auto-ethnography, Journal of Anthropological Research, 31: 3–17.
36. HOLT, N., 2003, Representation, legitimation, and autoethnography: An autoethnographic writing story, International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 2(1).
37. HURSTON, Z. N., 1991, Dust tracks on a road. New York: HarperCollins. Jackson, M. 1989, Paths toward a clearing: Radical empiricism and ethnographic inquiry, Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
38. JEWETT, L. M., 2006, Delıcate Dance: Autoethnography, Currıculum, And The Semblance Of Intımacy, Oklahoma State University. Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Curriculum and Instruction. Oklahoma.
39. JOHNSON, B., AND CHRİSTENSEN, L., 2012, Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches (4th ed.), Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publication, Inc.
40. JONES, D. E., 2011, The Joyful Experıences Of Mothers Of Chıldren Wıth Specıal Needs: An Autoethnographıc Study, Doctor Of Educatıon. Ball State Unıversıty. Muncıe, Indıana.
41. KEYS, K., 2003, Searching for community pedagogy, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The Ohio Sate University, Columbus, Ohio.
42. LEAVY, P., 2017, Introduction to arts-based research. P. Leavy (Ed.), Handbook of artsbased research içinde (s. 3-22). New York: Guilford.
43. LEGGO, C., 2004, The curriculum of becoming human: Rumination, International Journal of Whole Schooling 1(1), 28-36.
44. LİDDELL, J., 2007, What's black about it? An educator's autoethnography (Doctoral dissertation).Retrievedfromhttp://0search.proquest.com.bianca.penlib.du.edu/docview/304896132?accountid=14608.
45. LİONNET, F., 1989, Autobiographical voices: Race, gender, self-portraiture, Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
46. MUNCEY, T., 2010, Creating autoethnographies, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
47. MURPHY, E. and DİNGWALL, R., 2001, The ethics of ethnography, In Handbook ofethnography, eds. P. Atkinson, A. Coffey, S. Delamont, J. Lofland, and L. Lofland (pp. 339–51). London: Sage.
48. NEUMANN, M., 1996, Collecting ourselves at the end of the century, In Composing ethnography: Alternative forms of qualitative writing, eds. C. Ellis and A. Bochner, Walnut Creek, Cal.: AltaMira, pp.172–98.
49. PATTON, M. Q., 2014, Nitel araştırma ve değerlendirme yöntemleri (M. Bütün & S. B. Demir, Çev. Ed.). Ankara: Pegem.
50. PELİAS, R. J., 2000, The critical life, Communication Education, 49:3, 220-228, DOI:10.1080/03634520009379210.
51. PİNAR, W. F., 2004, Foreword. R. L. Irwin & A. de Cosson (Ed.), A/r/tography: Rendering self through arts-based living inquiry içinde, Vancouver, BC: Pacific Educational, s. 9-25.
52. PRATT, M. L., 1994, Transculturation and autoethnography: Peru 1615/1980, In Colonial discourse/postcolonial theory, eds. F. Barker, Holme, P. And M. Iverson (pp. 24–46). Manchester: Manchester University Press.
53. RAWLİNS, B., 1998, From ethnographic occupations to ethnographic stances, In Communication: Views from the helm for 21st century, ed. J. Trent (pp. 359–62). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
54. REED-DANAHAY, D., 1997, Auto/Ethnography: rewriting the self and the social, Oxford & New York: Berg.
55. RİCHARDSON, L., 1994, Writing: A method of inquiry, In Handbook of qualitative research, eds. N. Denzin and Y. Lincoln (pp. 516– 29). Thousand Oaks, Cal.: Sage.
56. ROSE, D., 1990, Living the ethnographic life, Newbury Park, Cal.: Sage.
57. SİGMAN, S., 1998, A matter of time: The case for ethnographies of communication, In Communication: Views from the helm for the 21st century, ed. J. Trent (pp.354–58). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
58. SLATTERY, P., 2001, The educational researcher as artist working within, Qualitative Inquiry, 7 (3), pp. 370-398.
59. SPRİNGGAY, S., 2001, The body knowing: A visual art installation as educational research, Unpublished masters of arts thesis, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
60. SPRİNGGAY, S., 2002, Arts-based research as an uncertain text, The Alberta Journal of Educational Research, XLVIII (3), CD-ROM, pp. 1-30.
61. SUOMİNEN, A., 2003, Wrıtıng Wıth Photographs, Re-Constructıng Self: An Arts-Based Autoethnographıc Inquıry, The Ohio State University. Ohio.
62. WALL, S., 2006, An autoethnography on learning about autoethnography, International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 5(2), 1-12.
63. WİLDMAN, S. and DAVİS, A., 2002, Making systems of privilege visible. In P. Rothenberg (Ed.), White privilege: Essential readings on the other side of racism (pp. 89-95). New York: Worth.
64. WİLLİS, P., 2002, Education practice in Aboriginal Australia, The Alberta Journal of Educational Research, XLVIII (3), CD-ROM, pp. 1-22.
65. ZUSSMAN, R., 1996, Autobiographical occasions, Contemporary Sociology 25: 143–48.