Conference Paper

Writing Nation: Giovanni, Sanchez, and Lorde and the Black Arts Movement

Number: 29 April 1, 2009
Michele Simms-burton
EN

Writing Nation: Giovanni, Sanchez, and Lorde and the Black Arts Movement

Abstract

The epigraph from Barbara Christian’s groundbreaking essay “The Race for Theory” 1987 articulates one of the most potent charges against the Black Arts Movement aestheticians levied by a contemporary black woman literary scholar and writer. This is a charge that has been revisited thoroughly by other critics such as Cherise A. Pollard, Carmen Phelps, Cheryl Clarke, and Lorenzo Thomas, to name a few.1 These critics have interrogated the separatist and nationalist ideology of the Black Arts Movement, and the movement’s concerns with developing a black aesthetic and nation. Readers are reminded that this ideology was so pre- and pro-scriptive that it limited the full participation of writers whose creative, political, social, and sexual agendas did not toe the ideological lines.

Keywords

Writing, Nation, Giovanni

References

  1. Baraka, Imamu Amiri (LeRoi Jones). “Black Woman.” Black World (1970): 7-11.
  2. Carmichael, Stokely and Charles V. Hamilton. Black Power: The Politics of Liberation in America. New York: Random House, 1967.
  3. Christian, Barbara. “The Race for Theory.” Cultural Critique 6 (1987): 51-63. JSTOR. Web. Feb. 2008.
  4. Clarke, Cheryl. After Mecca: Women Poets of the Black Arts Movement. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP, 2005.
  5. Cleaver, Eldridge. Soul on Ice. 1968. New York, NY: Dell Publishing, 1991.
  6. Collins, Lisa Gale. “The Art of Transformation: Parallels in the Black Arts and Feminist Art Movements.” Collins and Crawford 273-96.
  7. Collins, Lisa Gale and Margo Natalie Crawford, eds. New Thoughts on the Black Arts Movement. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP, 2006.
  8. De Veaux, Alexis. Warrior Poet: A Biography of Audre Lorde. New York, NY: W. W. Norton, 2004.
  9. Fuller, Hoyt. “The New Black Literature: Protest of Affirmation.” Gayle 327-48.
  10. Gayle, Addison Jr., ed. Black Expressions: Essays by and About Black Americans in the Creative Arts. New York, NY: Weybright and Talley, 1969.
APA
Simms-burton, M. (2009). Writing Nation: Giovanni, Sanchez, and Lorde and the Black Arts Movement. Journal of American Studies of Turkey, 29, 79-98. https://izlik.org/JA89RE57HD
AMA
1.Simms-burton M. Writing Nation: Giovanni, Sanchez, and Lorde and the Black Arts Movement. JAST. 2009;(29):79-98. https://izlik.org/JA89RE57HD
Chicago
Simms-burton, Michele. 2009. “Writing Nation: Giovanni, Sanchez, and Lorde and the Black Arts Movement”. Journal of American Studies of Turkey, nos. 29: 79-98. https://izlik.org/JA89RE57HD.
EndNote
Simms-burton M (April 1, 2009) Writing Nation: Giovanni, Sanchez, and Lorde and the Black Arts Movement. Journal of American Studies of Turkey 29 79–98.
IEEE
[1]M. Simms-burton, “Writing Nation: Giovanni, Sanchez, and Lorde and the Black Arts Movement”, JAST, no. 29, pp. 79–98, Apr. 2009, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA89RE57HD
ISNAD
Simms-burton, Michele. “Writing Nation: Giovanni, Sanchez, and Lorde and the Black Arts Movement”. Journal of American Studies of Turkey. 29 (April 1, 2009): 79-98. https://izlik.org/JA89RE57HD.
JAMA
1.Simms-burton M. Writing Nation: Giovanni, Sanchez, and Lorde and the Black Arts Movement. JAST. 2009;:79–98.
MLA
Simms-burton, Michele. “Writing Nation: Giovanni, Sanchez, and Lorde and the Black Arts Movement”. Journal of American Studies of Turkey, no. 29, Apr. 2009, pp. 79-98, https://izlik.org/JA89RE57HD.
Vancouver
1.Michele Simms-burton. Writing Nation: Giovanni, Sanchez, and Lorde and the Black Arts Movement. JAST [Internet]. 2009 Apr. 1;(29):79-98. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA89RE57HD