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American Archaeologists in Turkey: Intellectual and Social Dimensions

Year 1996, Issue: 4, 47 - 68, 01.10.1996

Abstract

A standard Turkish concept about archaeology, one attested by my students, Note 1 is that Turkey is exceptionally rich in archaeological remains and, as a result, foreigners naturally want to work here. But the world is full of archaeological remains, even North America. The reasons why American and other foreign archaeologists might choose to undertake research in Turkey instead of in other countries are more complex than the Turkish public generally realizes. In this article I examine the motives of American archaeologists who have worked in Turkey. What they have found will be less important than why they came here in the first place. Aspects of the problem include the academic/intellectual framework into which the archaeology of Turkey fits in the United States, socio-political factors, and changes through time. American archaeology in Turkey is seen to be a component of US social and intellectual history, but it is a part of the social and intellectual history of Turkey as well.

References

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  • Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1990.
  • Algaze, Guillermo, et al. Titriþ Höyük, a Small EBA Urban Center in SE Anatolia. The 1994 Season. Anatolica 21 (1995) : 13-64.
  • Arsebük, Güven. Dünden Bugüne Arkeoloji [Archaeology Yesterday and Today]. Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türkiye Ansiklopedisi. Ýstanbul: Ýletiþim Ýayýnlarý, 1983. 1 : 66-75.
  • AST = XII. Araþtýrma Sonuçlarý Toplantýsý, Ankara, 30 Mayýs - 3 Haziran 1994 [12 th Meeting for Research Results, Ankara, 30 May - 3 June 1994]. Ankara: T. C. Kültür Bakanlýðý, Anýtlar ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlüðü, 1995.
  • Atasoy, Sümer. Türkiyede Müzecilik [Museums and Museology in Turkey]. Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türkiye Ansiklopedisi. Ýstanbul: Ýletiþim Yayýnlarý, 1983. 6 : 1458-1471.
  • Bar-Yosef, Ofer and Amihai Mazar. Israeli Archaeology. World Archaeology 13 (1982) : 310-325.
  • Bass, George F. Cape Gelidonya: A Bronze Age Shipwreck. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society, 1967.
  • Blake, Janet. The Protection of Turkey's Underwater Archaeological HeritageLegislative Measures and Other Approaches. International Journal of Cultural Property 3 (1994) : 273-293.
  • Blakely, Jeffrey A. Frederick Jones Bliss: Father of Palestinian Archaeology. Biblical Archaeologist 56 (1993) : 110-115.
  • Blegen, Carl. Troy and the Trojans. London: Thames and Hudson, 1963.
  • Bober, Phyllis Pray and Ruth Rubinstein. Renaissance Artists and Antique Sculpture: A Handbook of Sources. London and Oxford: Harvey Miller and Oxford University Press, 1986.
  • Bowersock, G. Kenan Tevfik Erim, 1929-1990. American Journal of Archaeology 95 (1991) : 281-283.
  • Braidwood, Linda S. and Robert J. Braidwood, eds. Prehistoric Village Archaeology in South-Eastern Turkey. BAR International Series 138. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, 1982.
  • Braidwood, Robert J. Mounds in the Plain of Antioch: An Archaeological Survey. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1937.
  • -----. Explorations in the Plain of Antioch. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961.
  • -----. Archaeological Retrospect 2. Antiquity 55 (1981) : 19-26.
  • -----. Some Selected Archaeological Reflections. Between the Rivers and Over the Mountains: Archaeologica Anatolica et Mesopotamica Alba Palmieri Dedicata. Eds. M. Frangipane, H. Hauptmann, M. Liverani, P. Matthiae and M. Mellink. Rome: Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche Archeologiche e Antropologiche dellAntichita, Universita di Roma La Sapienza, 1993. 15-20.
  • Braidwood, Robert J. and Halet Çambel. The Çayönü Excavations: Overview Through 1981. Prehistoric Village Archaeology in South-Eastern Turkey. Eds. Linda S. Braidwood and Robert J. Braidwood. BAR International Series 138. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, 1982. 1-15.
  • Carter, Elizabeth. Report on the Kahramanmaraþ Archaeological Survey Project from 24.9.1993 to 11.11.1993. AST. 331-341.
  • Clarke, Joseph T. Report on the Investigations at Assos, 1881. Boston: A. Williams, 1882.
  • -----. Report on the Investigations at Assos, 1882, 1883. New York: Macmillan, 1898.
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  • -----. Reform in the Ottoman Empire 1856-1876. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963.
  • DBYA = Dünden Bugüne Ýstanbul Ansiklopedisi. Ýstanbul: Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfý, 1994.
  • DeVries, Keith, ed. From Athens to Gordion. The Papers of a Memorial Symposium for Rodney S. Young. Held at the University Museum the third of May, 1975. Philadelphia: The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, 1980.
  • -----. Rodney Stuart Young, 1907-1974. From Athens to Gordion: The Papers of a Memorial Symposium for Rodney S. Young. Held at the University Museum the third of May, 1975. Ed. Keith DeVries. Philadelphia: The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, 1980. xv-xvii.
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  • Eisner, Robert. Travelers to an Antique Land: The History and Literature of Travel to Greece. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1991.
  • Ellis, Richard. Gritille 1984. VII. Kazý Sonuçlarý Toplantýsý, Ankara 20-24 Mayýs 1985 [7th Meeting for Excavation Results, Ankara 20-24 May 1985]. Ankara: T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlýðý, Eski Eserler ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlüðü, 1986. 261-270.
  • Ergin, Osman Nuri. Türkiye Maarif Tarihi [History of Education in Turkey]. 2 vols. Ystanbul, 1977.
  • Erim, Kenan T. Aphrodisias: City of Venus Aphrodite. London: Muller, Blond and White, 1986.
  • Eslick, Christine. Elmalý-Karataş I. The Neolithic and Chalcolithic Periods: Baðbaþýand Other Sites. Bryn Mawr: Bryn Mawr College Archaeological Monographs, 1992.
  • Eyice, Semavi. Alman Arkeoloji Enstitüsü [The German Archaeological Institute]. DBYA. 1: 207-208.
  • Findley, Carter V. Ottoman Civil Officialdom: A Social History. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989.
  • Frangipane, M., H. Hauptmann, M. Liverani, P. Matthiae, and M. Mellink, eds. Between the Rivers and Over the Mountains: Archaeologica Anatolica et Mesopotamica Alba Palmieri Dedicata.Rome: Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche Archeologiche e Antropologiche dellAntichita, Universita di Roma La Sapienza, 1993.
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  • Goldman, Hetty, et al. Excavations at Gözlü Kule, Tarsus. 3 vols. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1950-1963.
  • Gorny, Ronald L. The 1993 Season at Aliþar Höyük in Central Turkey. Anatolica 20 (1994) : 191-202.
  • ----- et al. The Aliþar Regional Project 1994. Anatolica 21 (1995) : 65-100.
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  • -----. Sardis from Prehistoric to Roman Times. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1983.
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Year 1996, Issue: 4, 47 - 68, 01.10.1996

Abstract

References

  • A Symposium in Memory of Hetty Goldman, 1881-1972, held at The Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey, May 4 th, 1973. Princeton: The Institute for Advanced Study, 1974.
  • Algaze, Guillermo, ed. Town and Country in Southeastern Anatolia. Vol. II. The Stratigraphic Sequence at Kurban Höyük. Oriental Institute Publication 110.
  • Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1990.
  • Algaze, Guillermo, et al. Titriþ Höyük, a Small EBA Urban Center in SE Anatolia. The 1994 Season. Anatolica 21 (1995) : 13-64.
  • Arsebük, Güven. Dünden Bugüne Arkeoloji [Archaeology Yesterday and Today]. Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türkiye Ansiklopedisi. Ýstanbul: Ýletiþim Ýayýnlarý, 1983. 1 : 66-75.
  • AST = XII. Araþtýrma Sonuçlarý Toplantýsý, Ankara, 30 Mayýs - 3 Haziran 1994 [12 th Meeting for Research Results, Ankara, 30 May - 3 June 1994]. Ankara: T. C. Kültür Bakanlýðý, Anýtlar ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlüðü, 1995.
  • Atasoy, Sümer. Türkiyede Müzecilik [Museums and Museology in Turkey]. Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türkiye Ansiklopedisi. Ýstanbul: Ýletiþim Yayýnlarý, 1983. 6 : 1458-1471.
  • Bar-Yosef, Ofer and Amihai Mazar. Israeli Archaeology. World Archaeology 13 (1982) : 310-325.
  • Bass, George F. Cape Gelidonya: A Bronze Age Shipwreck. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society, 1967.
  • Blake, Janet. The Protection of Turkey's Underwater Archaeological HeritageLegislative Measures and Other Approaches. International Journal of Cultural Property 3 (1994) : 273-293.
  • Blakely, Jeffrey A. Frederick Jones Bliss: Father of Palestinian Archaeology. Biblical Archaeologist 56 (1993) : 110-115.
  • Blegen, Carl. Troy and the Trojans. London: Thames and Hudson, 1963.
  • Bober, Phyllis Pray and Ruth Rubinstein. Renaissance Artists and Antique Sculpture: A Handbook of Sources. London and Oxford: Harvey Miller and Oxford University Press, 1986.
  • Bowersock, G. Kenan Tevfik Erim, 1929-1990. American Journal of Archaeology 95 (1991) : 281-283.
  • Braidwood, Linda S. and Robert J. Braidwood, eds. Prehistoric Village Archaeology in South-Eastern Turkey. BAR International Series 138. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, 1982.
  • Braidwood, Robert J. Mounds in the Plain of Antioch: An Archaeological Survey. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1937.
  • -----. Explorations in the Plain of Antioch. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961.
  • -----. Archaeological Retrospect 2. Antiquity 55 (1981) : 19-26.
  • -----. Some Selected Archaeological Reflections. Between the Rivers and Over the Mountains: Archaeologica Anatolica et Mesopotamica Alba Palmieri Dedicata. Eds. M. Frangipane, H. Hauptmann, M. Liverani, P. Matthiae and M. Mellink. Rome: Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche Archeologiche e Antropologiche dellAntichita, Universita di Roma La Sapienza, 1993. 15-20.
  • Braidwood, Robert J. and Halet Çambel. The Çayönü Excavations: Overview Through 1981. Prehistoric Village Archaeology in South-Eastern Turkey. Eds. Linda S. Braidwood and Robert J. Braidwood. BAR International Series 138. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, 1982. 1-15.
  • Carter, Elizabeth. Report on the Kahramanmaraþ Archaeological Survey Project from 24.9.1993 to 11.11.1993. AST. 331-341.
  • Clarke, Joseph T. Report on the Investigations at Assos, 1881. Boston: A. Williams, 1882.
  • -----. Report on the Investigations at Assos, 1882, 1883. New York: Macmillan, 1898.
  • -----, Bacon, Francis H. and Robert Koldewey. Investigations at Assos. Cambridge MA: Archaeological Institute of America, 1902.
  • Clarke, M. L. Classical Education in Britain 1500-1900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1959.
  • Constantine, David. Early Greek Travellers and the Hellenic Ideal. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
  • Coulson, William D. E. Introduction by the Director of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. Wace and Blegen. Pottery as Evidence for Trade in the Aegean Bronze Age, 1939-1989. Held at the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Athens, December 2-3, 1989. Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben, 1993. 1-2.
  • Çoruhlu, Yaþar. Macar Enstitüsü [The Hungarian Institute]. DBYA. 5: 234.
  • -----. Rus Arkeoloji Enstitüsü [The Russian Archaeological Institute]. DBYA. 6: 368.
  • Damrosch, David. Can Classics Die? Lingua Franca September/October 1995: 61- 66.
  • Daniel, Glyn. A Short History of Archaeology. London: Thames and Hudson, 1981.
  • Davison, Roderic H. Westernized Education in Ottoman Turkey. Middle East Journal 15 (1961): 289-301. Reprinted with bibliographical addendum in Davison, Roderic H. Essays in Ottoman and Turkish History, 1774-1923: The Impact of the West. Austin TX: University of Texas Press, 1990. 166-179.
  • -----. Reform in the Ottoman Empire 1856-1876. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963.
  • DBYA = Dünden Bugüne Ýstanbul Ansiklopedisi. Ýstanbul: Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfý, 1994.
  • DeVries, Keith, ed. From Athens to Gordion. The Papers of a Memorial Symposium for Rodney S. Young. Held at the University Museum the third of May, 1975. Philadelphia: The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, 1980.
  • -----. Rodney Stuart Young, 1907-1974. From Athens to Gordion: The Papers of a Memorial Symposium for Rodney S. Young. Held at the University Museum the third of May, 1975. Ed. Keith DeVries. Philadelphia: The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, 1980. xv-xvii.
  • Dinsmoor, William Bell. The Architecture of Ancient Greece, 3rd ed. London: B.T. Batsford, 1975 (reprint of the 1950 edition).
  • Edwards, G. Roger. Postscript. From Athens to Gordion: The Papers of a Memorial Symposium for Rodney S. Young. Held at the University Museum the third of May, 1975. Ed. Keith DeVries. Philadelphia: The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, 1980. 159-161.
  • Eisner, Robert. Travelers to an Antique Land: The History and Literature of Travel to Greece. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1991.
  • Ellis, Richard. Gritille 1984. VII. Kazý Sonuçlarý Toplantýsý, Ankara 20-24 Mayýs 1985 [7th Meeting for Excavation Results, Ankara 20-24 May 1985]. Ankara: T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlýðý, Eski Eserler ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlüðü, 1986. 261-270.
  • Ergin, Osman Nuri. Türkiye Maarif Tarihi [History of Education in Turkey]. 2 vols. Ystanbul, 1977.
  • Erim, Kenan T. Aphrodisias: City of Venus Aphrodite. London: Muller, Blond and White, 1986.
  • Eslick, Christine. Elmalý-Karataş I. The Neolithic and Chalcolithic Periods: Baðbaþýand Other Sites. Bryn Mawr: Bryn Mawr College Archaeological Monographs, 1992.
  • Eyice, Semavi. Alman Arkeoloji Enstitüsü [The German Archaeological Institute]. DBYA. 1: 207-208.
  • Findley, Carter V. Ottoman Civil Officialdom: A Social History. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989.
  • Frangipane, M., H. Hauptmann, M. Liverani, P. Matthiae, and M. Mellink, eds. Between the Rivers and Over the Mountains: Archaeologica Anatolica et Mesopotamica Alba Palmieri Dedicata.Rome: Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche Archeologiche e Antropologiche dellAntichita, Universita di Roma La Sapienza, 1993.
  • Gates, Marie-Henriette. Archaeology in Turkey. American Journal of Archaeology 99 (1995) : 207-255.
  • Goldman, Hetty, et al. Excavations at Gözlü Kule, Tarsus. 3 vols. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1950-1963.
  • Gorny, Ronald L. The 1993 Season at Aliþar Höyük in Central Turkey. Anatolica 20 (1994) : 191-202.
  • ----- et al. The Aliþar Regional Project 1994. Anatolica 21 (1995) : 65-100.
  • Gurney, Oliver. The Hittites. 2nd edition reprinted with revisions. London: Penguin Books, 1990.
  • Hanfmann, George M. A. Letters from Sardis. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1972.
  • -----. Sardis from Prehistoric to Roman Times. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1983.
  • Haskell, Francis and Nicholas Penny. Taste and the Antique: The Lure of Classical Sculpture 1500-1900. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981.
  • Hobson, Christine. The World of the Pharaohs. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1991
  • Jacobsen, Thorkild, and John A. Wilson. The Oriental Institute: Thirty Years and the Present. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 8 (1949) : 236-247.
  • Joukowsky, Martha Sharp. Prehistoric Aphrodisias. 2 vols. Louvain-la-Neuve: Université Catholique de Louvain, 1986.
  • King, Philip. American Archaeology in the Mideast: A History of the American Schools of Oriental Research. Philadelphia: The American Schools of Oriental Research, 1983.
  • Kraus, Theodor. Pompeii and Herculaneum. Trans. Robert Erich Wolf. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1975.
  • Lloyd, Seton. Foundations in the Dust: The Story of Mesopotamian Exploration. Revised and enlarged edition. London: Thames and Hudson, 1980.
  • Lumsden, Stephen. Gavurkalesi, 1993. AST. 267-280.
  • Marfoe, Leo. Introduction. Town and Country in Southeastern Anatolia. Vol. II. The Stratigraphic Sequence at Kurban Höyük. Ed. Guillermo Algaze. Oriental Institute Publication 110. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1990. 1-20.
  • Meyer, Karl. The Plundered Past: The Traffic in Art Treasures. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1974.
  • Mitten, David G. George Maxim Anossov Hanfmann, 1911-1986. American Journal of Archaeology 91 (1987): 259-263.
  • Morris, Ian. Archaeologies of Greece. Classical Greece: Ancient Histories and Modern Archaeologies. Ed. Ian Morris. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. 8-47.
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There are 104 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Charles Gates This is me

Publication Date October 1, 1996
Published in Issue Year 1996 Issue: 4

Cite

MLA Gates, Charles. “American Archaeologists in Turkey: Intellectual and Social Dimensions”. Journal of American Studies of Turkey, no. 4, 1996, pp. 47-68.

JAST - Journal of American Studies of Turkey