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Re-reading World History through an “all-seeing eye”: Cultural relativism in Gore Vidal’s Creation

Year 2012, Issue: 35, 79 - 96, 01.06.2012

Abstract

Well-born, well-connected, well-endowed and indisputably talented, Vidal has adopted a role at once humble and over-arching. On the one hand, the careful recorder of events, the re-inventor of history, the recorder on the other, the all-knowing, all-seeing eye — not unlike his hero Cyrus Spitama in this book who becomes the “Eye” of Darius the Great, King of Kings” Bragg 842 .

References

  • Ableman, Paul. “Back to the cradle.” Rev. of Creation by Gore Vidal. Spectator 2 May 1981: 26-27. Print.
  • Altman, Dennis. Gore Vidal’s America. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2005. Print.
  • Aulus Gellius. Noctes Atticae. Trans. Heinrich Albert Lion. Charleston: Nabu Press, 2011. Print.
  • Baker, Susan, and Curtis S. Gibson. “Creation (1981).” Gore Vidal: a critical companion. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1997. 53-64. Print.
  • Barthélémy, Jean-Jacques. Travels of Anacharsis The Younger. 1788. London: Green, 1817. Print.
  • Bensoussan, Nicole. Gore Vidal l’iconoclaste. Nanterre: University Paris X-Publidix, 1997. Print.
  • Bragg, Melvyn. “In the Beginning.” Rev. of Creation, by Gore Vidal. Punch 280 (1981): 842. Print.
  • Braudeau, Michel. “Création par Gore Vidal.” L’Express, 1983: 93. Print.
  • Broch, Hermann. “The Heritage of Myth in Literature.” Chimera 4.3 (1946): 33-41. Print.
  • Buchan, John. “The Lemnian.” The Moon Endureth. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1912. 66-223. Print.
  • Burgess, Anthony. “The devils return.” Rev. of Creation, by Gore Vidal. Inquiry Magazine 15-29 Jun. 1981: 17-19. Print.
  • Burn, Andrew Robert. Persia and Greeks: The Defense of the West, 546-478 B.C. 1962. California: Stanford UP, 1984. Print.
  • Clarke, Gerald. “Interview with Gore Vidal: The Art of Fiction.” Paris Review 59 (1974): 1-36. Print.
  • Conrad, Peter. “Re-inventing America.” Rev. of 1876, by Gore Vidal. Times Literary Supplement 26 Mar. 1976: 347-48. Print.
  • Davis, William Stearns. A Victor of Salamis. London: Macmillan & Co., 1907. Print.
  • Douglas, Neil, and Terry Wykowski. From Belief to Knowledge: Achieving and Sustaining an Adaptive Culture in Organizations. Florida: CRC Press, 2010. Print.
  • Forsyth, Frederick. The Odessa File. 1972. London: Arrow, 2011. Print.
  • Gilkeson, John S. Anthropologists and the Rediscovery of America, 1886-1965. New York: Cambridge UP, 2010. Print.
  • Gruen, Erich S. Rethinking the Other in Antiquity. Princeton and London: Princeton UP, 2012. Print.
  • Guizot, François Pierre Guillaume. 1864. Meditations on the Essence of Christianity, and on the Religious Questions on the Day. London: John Murray, 1864. Print.
  • Hamilton, Alex. “Historical Faction: Gore Vidal and Norman Mailer.” Writing Talk: Conversations with Top Writers on the Last Fifty Years. Leicester: Troubador Publishing, 2012. 339-343. Print.
  • Herodotus. The Histories. Trans. Robin Waterfield. New York: Oxford UP, 1998. Print.
  • Herskovits, Melville J. Man and His Works. 1948. New York: Knopf, 1960. Print.
  • Holleran, Andrew. “Creation by Gore Vidal.” New York Magazine 30 Mar. 1981: 42. Print.
  • Hollinghurst, Alan. “Imperial Dope.” Rev. of Creation, by Gore Vidal. London Review of Books 3.10 (1981): 13-14. Print.
  • Jaspers, Karl. The Origin and Goal of History. Trans. Michael Bullock. 1949. New Haven and London: Yale UP, 1953. Print.
  • Jennings, Gary. Aztec. New York: Atheneum, 1980. Print.
  • Kaplan, Fred. Gore Vidal: a Biography. 1999. New York: Bloomsbury, 2000. Print.
  • Kiernan, Robert F. “The Ancient World: Julian, Creation.” Gore Vidal. 45- 66. New York: Frederick Ungar Pub. Co., 1982. Print.
  • Link, Matthew. “Gore Vidal’s on America’s Lost Culture.” The Daily Beast. Web. 19 Apr. 2007.
  • Louit, Robert. “La Création Selon Gore Vidal.” Le Magazine Littéraire 195 (1983): 76-80. Print.
  • Maffre, Jean-Jacques. Le siècle de Périclès. Paris: P.U.F., 1990. Print.
  • Matsumoto, David Ricky. Culture and Psychology. Pacific Grove: Brooks/ Cole Pub. Co., 1996. Print.
  • Michaud, Charles. “Creation.” Library Journal 106.6 (1981): 683. Print.
  • Missal, Samuel. “Deconstructive satire in the novels of Gore Vidal.” Diss. U. of Pondicherry, 2010. Print.
  • Montaigne, Michel Eyquem de. “Of Cannibals.” 1588. Trans. Donald Murdoch Frame. The Complete Essays of Montaigne. Stanford and London: Stanford UP, 1958. 150-159. Print.
  • Montesquieu [Charles-Louis de Secondat]. Persian Letters. 1721. Trans. Margaret Mauldon. Ed. Andrew Kahn, New York: Oxford UP, 2008. Print.
  • Moritz, Charles. “Gore Vidal.” Current Biography Yearbook. 424-7. New York: H. W. Wilson Co., 1983. Print.
  • Muratori, Jean-Claude. “Quatre questions à Gore Vidal.” Le Figaro Magazine, 21 Jun. 1983: 52. Print.
  • Murray, Oswyn. “Whoring after strange gods.” Rev. of Creation, by Gore Vidal. Times Literary Supplement 29 May 1981: 595. Print.
  • Neilson, Heather. “In Epic Times: Gore Vidal’s Creation Reconsidered.” Australasian Journal of American Studies 23.1 (2004): 21-33. Print.
  • Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm. Thus Spoke Zarathustra: A Book For Everyone and Nobody. 1883-85. Trans. Graham Parkes. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2005. Print.
  • Parini, Jay. Gore Vidal. New York: Columbia UP, 1992. Print.
  • Pivot, Bernard. “Interview with Gore Vidal: Des Romans dans l’Histoire.” Apostrophes. L’Institut National de l’Audiovisuel. 4 Mar. 1983. Television.
  • Potter, Margaret Horton. Istar of Babylon: A Phantasy. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1902. Print.
  • Renault, Mary. The Persian Boy. 1972. New York: Vintage Books, 1988. Print.
  • Ruas, Charles. “Interview with Gore Vidal.” Conversations with Gore Vidal. Eds. Richard Peabody and Lucinda Ebersole. 85-99. Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 2005. Print.
  • Saylor, Steven. “Classical Gore.” Rev. of Creation, by Gore Vidal. Alternate 3.19 (1981): 74. Print.
  • Sprague de Camp, Lyon. An Elephant for Aristotle. 1958. London: Dennis Dobson, 1966. Print.
  • ---. The Dragon of the Ishtar Gate. New York: Doubleday. 1961. Print.
  • Stroumboulopoulos, George. “Gore Vidal Interview.” The Hour. CBC 6 Jun. 2007. Television.
  • Vidal, Gore. Armageddon? Essays 1983-1987. London: Andre Deutsch, 1987. Print.
  • ---. Creation. 1981. New York: Vintage Books, 2002. Print.
  • ---. Julian. London: Heinemann, 1964. Print.
  • ---. “Monotheism and Its Discontents.” 1992. United States: Essays: 1952- 1992. 1048-56. New York: Random House, 1993. Print.
  • ---. Myra Breckinridge. New York: Little, Brown, 1968. Print.
  • ---. “The Top Ten Best Sellers According to the Sunday New York Times as of January 7, 1973.” United States: Essays 1952-1992. 67-88. New York: Random House, 1993. Print.
  • ---. “True Gore.” Salon 10 May 1999. Web. 8 Jun 2008.
  • ---. United States: Essays 1952-1992. New York: Random House, 1993. Print.
  • Voltaire [François-Marie Arouet]. Zadig; or, the book of fate. An oriental history. 1747. Trans. Francis Ashmore. London: Harrison and Co., 1780. Print.
  • Ward, Margaret, and Carl Johnston. “Interview with Gore Vidal.” Sequoia 23 Feb. 1982: 65-68. Print.
  • Weigand, Hermann J. “Broch’s Death of Vergil: Program Notes.” PMLA 62.2 (1947): 525-554. Print.
  • Zanganeh, Lila Azam. “Gore Vidal: ‘Je crois à l’Utilité des Livres, Figurezvous’.” Le Monde 31 Aug. 2005. Print.
Year 2012, Issue: 35, 79 - 96, 01.06.2012

Abstract

References

  • Ableman, Paul. “Back to the cradle.” Rev. of Creation by Gore Vidal. Spectator 2 May 1981: 26-27. Print.
  • Altman, Dennis. Gore Vidal’s America. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2005. Print.
  • Aulus Gellius. Noctes Atticae. Trans. Heinrich Albert Lion. Charleston: Nabu Press, 2011. Print.
  • Baker, Susan, and Curtis S. Gibson. “Creation (1981).” Gore Vidal: a critical companion. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1997. 53-64. Print.
  • Barthélémy, Jean-Jacques. Travels of Anacharsis The Younger. 1788. London: Green, 1817. Print.
  • Bensoussan, Nicole. Gore Vidal l’iconoclaste. Nanterre: University Paris X-Publidix, 1997. Print.
  • Bragg, Melvyn. “In the Beginning.” Rev. of Creation, by Gore Vidal. Punch 280 (1981): 842. Print.
  • Braudeau, Michel. “Création par Gore Vidal.” L’Express, 1983: 93. Print.
  • Broch, Hermann. “The Heritage of Myth in Literature.” Chimera 4.3 (1946): 33-41. Print.
  • Buchan, John. “The Lemnian.” The Moon Endureth. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1912. 66-223. Print.
  • Burgess, Anthony. “The devils return.” Rev. of Creation, by Gore Vidal. Inquiry Magazine 15-29 Jun. 1981: 17-19. Print.
  • Burn, Andrew Robert. Persia and Greeks: The Defense of the West, 546-478 B.C. 1962. California: Stanford UP, 1984. Print.
  • Clarke, Gerald. “Interview with Gore Vidal: The Art of Fiction.” Paris Review 59 (1974): 1-36. Print.
  • Conrad, Peter. “Re-inventing America.” Rev. of 1876, by Gore Vidal. Times Literary Supplement 26 Mar. 1976: 347-48. Print.
  • Davis, William Stearns. A Victor of Salamis. London: Macmillan & Co., 1907. Print.
  • Douglas, Neil, and Terry Wykowski. From Belief to Knowledge: Achieving and Sustaining an Adaptive Culture in Organizations. Florida: CRC Press, 2010. Print.
  • Forsyth, Frederick. The Odessa File. 1972. London: Arrow, 2011. Print.
  • Gilkeson, John S. Anthropologists and the Rediscovery of America, 1886-1965. New York: Cambridge UP, 2010. Print.
  • Gruen, Erich S. Rethinking the Other in Antiquity. Princeton and London: Princeton UP, 2012. Print.
  • Guizot, François Pierre Guillaume. 1864. Meditations on the Essence of Christianity, and on the Religious Questions on the Day. London: John Murray, 1864. Print.
  • Hamilton, Alex. “Historical Faction: Gore Vidal and Norman Mailer.” Writing Talk: Conversations with Top Writers on the Last Fifty Years. Leicester: Troubador Publishing, 2012. 339-343. Print.
  • Herodotus. The Histories. Trans. Robin Waterfield. New York: Oxford UP, 1998. Print.
  • Herskovits, Melville J. Man and His Works. 1948. New York: Knopf, 1960. Print.
  • Holleran, Andrew. “Creation by Gore Vidal.” New York Magazine 30 Mar. 1981: 42. Print.
  • Hollinghurst, Alan. “Imperial Dope.” Rev. of Creation, by Gore Vidal. London Review of Books 3.10 (1981): 13-14. Print.
  • Jaspers, Karl. The Origin and Goal of History. Trans. Michael Bullock. 1949. New Haven and London: Yale UP, 1953. Print.
  • Jennings, Gary. Aztec. New York: Atheneum, 1980. Print.
  • Kaplan, Fred. Gore Vidal: a Biography. 1999. New York: Bloomsbury, 2000. Print.
  • Kiernan, Robert F. “The Ancient World: Julian, Creation.” Gore Vidal. 45- 66. New York: Frederick Ungar Pub. Co., 1982. Print.
  • Link, Matthew. “Gore Vidal’s on America’s Lost Culture.” The Daily Beast. Web. 19 Apr. 2007.
  • Louit, Robert. “La Création Selon Gore Vidal.” Le Magazine Littéraire 195 (1983): 76-80. Print.
  • Maffre, Jean-Jacques. Le siècle de Périclès. Paris: P.U.F., 1990. Print.
  • Matsumoto, David Ricky. Culture and Psychology. Pacific Grove: Brooks/ Cole Pub. Co., 1996. Print.
  • Michaud, Charles. “Creation.” Library Journal 106.6 (1981): 683. Print.
  • Missal, Samuel. “Deconstructive satire in the novels of Gore Vidal.” Diss. U. of Pondicherry, 2010. Print.
  • Montaigne, Michel Eyquem de. “Of Cannibals.” 1588. Trans. Donald Murdoch Frame. The Complete Essays of Montaigne. Stanford and London: Stanford UP, 1958. 150-159. Print.
  • Montesquieu [Charles-Louis de Secondat]. Persian Letters. 1721. Trans. Margaret Mauldon. Ed. Andrew Kahn, New York: Oxford UP, 2008. Print.
  • Moritz, Charles. “Gore Vidal.” Current Biography Yearbook. 424-7. New York: H. W. Wilson Co., 1983. Print.
  • Muratori, Jean-Claude. “Quatre questions à Gore Vidal.” Le Figaro Magazine, 21 Jun. 1983: 52. Print.
  • Murray, Oswyn. “Whoring after strange gods.” Rev. of Creation, by Gore Vidal. Times Literary Supplement 29 May 1981: 595. Print.
  • Neilson, Heather. “In Epic Times: Gore Vidal’s Creation Reconsidered.” Australasian Journal of American Studies 23.1 (2004): 21-33. Print.
  • Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm. Thus Spoke Zarathustra: A Book For Everyone and Nobody. 1883-85. Trans. Graham Parkes. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2005. Print.
  • Parini, Jay. Gore Vidal. New York: Columbia UP, 1992. Print.
  • Pivot, Bernard. “Interview with Gore Vidal: Des Romans dans l’Histoire.” Apostrophes. L’Institut National de l’Audiovisuel. 4 Mar. 1983. Television.
  • Potter, Margaret Horton. Istar of Babylon: A Phantasy. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1902. Print.
  • Renault, Mary. The Persian Boy. 1972. New York: Vintage Books, 1988. Print.
  • Ruas, Charles. “Interview with Gore Vidal.” Conversations with Gore Vidal. Eds. Richard Peabody and Lucinda Ebersole. 85-99. Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 2005. Print.
  • Saylor, Steven. “Classical Gore.” Rev. of Creation, by Gore Vidal. Alternate 3.19 (1981): 74. Print.
  • Sprague de Camp, Lyon. An Elephant for Aristotle. 1958. London: Dennis Dobson, 1966. Print.
  • ---. The Dragon of the Ishtar Gate. New York: Doubleday. 1961. Print.
  • Stroumboulopoulos, George. “Gore Vidal Interview.” The Hour. CBC 6 Jun. 2007. Television.
  • Vidal, Gore. Armageddon? Essays 1983-1987. London: Andre Deutsch, 1987. Print.
  • ---. Creation. 1981. New York: Vintage Books, 2002. Print.
  • ---. Julian. London: Heinemann, 1964. Print.
  • ---. “Monotheism and Its Discontents.” 1992. United States: Essays: 1952- 1992. 1048-56. New York: Random House, 1993. Print.
  • ---. Myra Breckinridge. New York: Little, Brown, 1968. Print.
  • ---. “The Top Ten Best Sellers According to the Sunday New York Times as of January 7, 1973.” United States: Essays 1952-1992. 67-88. New York: Random House, 1993. Print.
  • ---. “True Gore.” Salon 10 May 1999. Web. 8 Jun 2008.
  • ---. United States: Essays 1952-1992. New York: Random House, 1993. Print.
  • Voltaire [François-Marie Arouet]. Zadig; or, the book of fate. An oriental history. 1747. Trans. Francis Ashmore. London: Harrison and Co., 1780. Print.
  • Ward, Margaret, and Carl Johnston. “Interview with Gore Vidal.” Sequoia 23 Feb. 1982: 65-68. Print.
  • Weigand, Hermann J. “Broch’s Death of Vergil: Program Notes.” PMLA 62.2 (1947): 525-554. Print.
  • Zanganeh, Lila Azam. “Gore Vidal: ‘Je crois à l’Utilité des Livres, Figurezvous’.” Le Monde 31 Aug. 2005. Print.
There are 63 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Vassilaki Papanicolaou This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012 Issue: 35

Cite

MLA Papanicolaou, Vassilaki. “Re-Reading World History through an ‘all-Seeing eye’: Cultural Relativism in Gore Vidal’s Creation”. Journal of American Studies of Turkey, no. 35, 2012, pp. 79-96.

JAST - Journal of American Studies of Turkey