The Effect of Technological Stress Dimensions on Employees' Decision-Making Styles and Regulatory Role of Job Insecurity Perception: A Research in The Aviation Sector

Abstract

The technological stress factor is more evident in the aviation industry, which uses high and rapidly changing technology, especially for technical employees. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of technostress levels of aviation industry employees on their decision-making styles and to analysis the regulatory effects of job insecurity perception, which is of great importance for businesses and employees in this effect. The research universe has been determined as the technical personnel in the airline companies operating in Turkey. In all, 402 questionnaires were considered valid and included in the 25th data analysis of SPSS. It was determined that technological stress was statistically significantly related to rational, intuitive, avoidant and instant decision-making. Meanwhile, each decision-making style and the dimensions of job insecurity perception separately have significant moderator roles. Finally, it was revealed that all technostress dimensions, except for the techno-invasion dimension, were statistically significantly correlated with at least one decision-making style. In the research, suggestions were made for the effects of changes in employee’s decision-making styles and perceptions of job insecurity as a result of the effects of technostress, and the results were tried to be explained with aviation industry dynamics and theoretical literature.

Keywords

• Technostress
• Decision Making Sytles
• Perception of Job Insecurity
• Aviation Sector
• Aircraft Maintenance Technics

References

1. Akhtari, P., Mohseni, M., Naderi, M., Akhtari, A. P., & Torfi, A. (2013, December). The effect of organizational environment on technostress of employees. International Journal of Conceptions on Management and Social Sciences, 1(1), 9-44.
2. Alam, M. A. (2016). Techno-stress and productivity: survey evidence from the aviation industry. Journal of Air Transport Management, 50, 62-70.
3. Appelbaum, S., Louis, D., Makarenko, D., Saluja, J., Maleshko, O., & Kulbashian, S. (2013). Participation in decision making: a case study of job satisfaction and commitment. Industrial and Commercial Training , 45(4), 222-229.
4. Arnetz, B. B., & Wiholm, C. (1997). Technological stress: psychophysiological symptoms in modern offices. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 43(1), 35-42. September 08.
5. Ashford, S. J., Lee, C., & Bobko, P. (1989). Content, causes, and consequences of job insecurity: a theory-based measure and substantive test. Academy of Management, 32(4), 803-824. 12 26, http://www.jstor.org/stable/256569?origin=JSTOR-pdf
6. Aslan, K. (2011). Çalışanlarda iş güvencesizliği ve işini kaybetme kaygısının iş verimi ve iş üretkenliği üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi: bilişim sektöründe bir araştırma. Maltepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü , Endüstri ve Örgüt Psikolojisi. İstanbul
7. Ayyagari, R., Grover, V., & Purvis, R. (2011). Technostres: technological antecedent and implications. MIS Quarterly, 35(4), 831-858.
8. Baiocco, R., Laghi, F., & D'Alessio, M. (2009, November). Decision-making style among adolescents: relationship with sensation seeking and locus of control. Journal of Adolescence, 32(4), 963-976.

9. BarOn, J. (2007). Thinking and Deciding (4. Edition b.). Pennsylvania, NewYork: Cambridge University Press.
10. Bavolar, J., & Orosova, O. (2015, January). Decision-making styles and their associations with decision-making competencies and mental health. Judgment and Decision Making, 10(1), 115-122.
11. Boyer-Davis, S. (2018). The relationship between technology stress and leadership style: an empirical investigation. (W. I. Mondal, Dü.) Journal of Business and Educational Leadership, 8(1), 48-49.
12. Brand, S. (2000, June 19). The long now foundation. www.longnow.org: longnow.org/essays/technology-moving-too-fast/
13. Brod, C. (1984). Technostres: The human cost of computer revolution. Michigan Üniversitesi: Addison-Wesley.
14. Chatoupis, C. (2007). Decision making in physical education: theoretical perspectives. studies in physical Culture and Tourism, 14(2), 195-204.
15. Cheung, F., & Cheung, R. Y.-H. (2013). Testing the stressor-strain-outcome model. The Journal of Psychology Interdisciplinary and Applied, 147(1), 89-103.
16. Cheung, S. Y., Gong, Y., & Huang, Y.-C. (2016, October). Emotional intelligence, job insecurity, and psychological strain among real estate agents: a test of mediation and moderation models. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(22), 2673-2694.
17. Chiappetta, M. (2017). The technostress: Definition, symptoms and risk preventation. Senses and Sciences. 4 (1) 358-361.
18. Crum, A. J., Salovey, P., & Achor, S. (2013). Rethinking stress: The role of mindsets in determining the stress response. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(4), 716-718.
19. Curşeu, P. L., & Schruijer, S. G. (2012). Decision styles and rationality: an analysis of the predictive validity of the general decision-making sytle inventory. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20(10), 1-10.
20. Çoban, R. (2019). Uçak bakım sektöründe iş yükü ve zaman baskısı üzerine bir örnek olay araştırması. Journal of Aviation, 3(1), 45-60.
21. Çolakkadıoğlu, O., & Güçray, S. S. (2007). Ergenlerde karar verme ölçeği’ni türkçe'ye uyarlama çalışması. Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(26), 62-71.
22. Dede, E. (2017). İş güvencesizliği algısının ve örgütsel güven düzeyinin örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı üzerindeki etkileri: devlet ortaokulu ve özel ortaokul öğretmenleri üzerine bir araştırma. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstirüsü. İstanbul
23. Deniz, E. M. (2006). The relationship among coping with stress, life satisfaction, decision making styles and decision self esteem: an investigation with turkish university student. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 34(9), 1161-1170.
24. De Witte, H., & Naswall, K. (2003, May). Objective and subjective job insecurity: consequences of temporary work for job satisfaction and organizational commitment in four europan countrie. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 24(2), 149-188.
25. Doğan, S., & Oğuzhan, Y. S. (2015). Çalışanların duygusal zeka düzeylerinin işten ayrılma niyetlerine etkisi üzerine bir çalışma. Niğde Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(2), 1-12. http://dergipark.ulakbim.gov.tr/niguiibfd/
26. Ennis, L. A. (2005, 01 09). The evoluation of technostress. Computers in Libraries, 25(8), 10-12. 09 21,
27. Ergönül , İ. (2018). Doğal karar verme yetisinin belirleyicileri. Adli Tıp Enstitüsü. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi.
28. Ercengiz, M. (2019). The investigation of the relationship between emotion management skills and decision-making styles with the canonical correlation method. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 11(4), 119-130.
29. Flin, R., Salas, E., Straub, M., & Martin, L. (1997). Decision-making under stress- emerging themes and applications (1. Edition b.). London: Routledge.
30. Gaunt, R., & Benjamin, O. (2007). Job Insecurity, Stress And Gender. Community, Work & Family, 10(3), 341-355.
31. Greenhalgh, L., & Rosenblatt, Z. (1984, July). Job insecurity: toward conceptual clarity. Academy of Management Review, 9(3), 438-448.
32. Gurtner, S., Soyez, K., & Fischer, S. (2016, April). Adapting scott and bruce’s general decisionmaking style inventory to patient decision making in provider choice. Medical Decision Making, 1-8.
33. Günalan, M. (2019). İş güvencesizliğinin örgütsel algılar, ayrılma niyeti ve performansa etkileri üzerine bir literatür incelemesi. International Review of Economics and Management, 7(2), 105-122.
34. Hayes, J., & Allinson, C. W. (1998). Cognitive style and the theory and practice of individual and collective learning in organizations. Human Relations, 51(7), 847-871. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1016978926688
35. Heath, A. J. (2018). Emotional working memory training, work demands,stress and anxiety in cognitive performance and decision-making under uncertainty. Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Work and Organizational Psychology. Smaland,İsveç: Linnaeus University.
36. Hellgren, J., Sverke, M., & Isaksson, K. (1999). A two-dimensional approach to job insecurity:consequences for employee attitudesand well-being. European Journal Of Work And Organizational Psychology, 8(2), 179-195.
37. Hirsch, P., Soucey, M., & De, M. (2006, August). Organizational restructuring and its consequences: rhetorical and structural. Annual Review of Sociology, 32, 171-189.
38. Hurrel, J. J., Nelson, D., & Simmons, B. L. (1998, October). Measuring job stressors and strains: where we have been, where we are, and where we need to go. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 3(4), 368-389.
39. Ilkım, N. Ş., & Derin , N. (2018). Algılanan iş güvencesizliği, iş tatmini ve birey-örgüt uyumu kavramları arasındaki ilişkiler. Sosyal Economic Araştırmalar Dergisi, 18(36), 239-250.
40. Jordan, P., Ashkanasy, N. M., & Lawrence, S. (2010). Job insecurity, emotional intelligence, workplace emotional reactions, and decision-making behaviors. 27th International Congress of Applied Psychology (s. 419-420). Melbourne, VIC, Australia: Australian Psychological Society.
41. Karakaya, T. (2018). İş güvenliği uzmanlarının çalışma yaşamı özellikleri iş stresi ve iş güvencesizliğinin değerlendirilmesi. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
42. Katungu, C. (2018). Emotional intelligence, job insecurity and organizational commitment in organizations in sweden. Department of Psychology. Småland: Linnaeus University.
43. Kaymaz, O. (2019). Teknostres ve iş güvencesizliği ilişkisine yönelik bir uygulama. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İşletme. Edirne
44. Klein, G. A., Orasanu, J., Calderwood, R., & Zsambok, C. E. (1993). Decision making in action: models and methods. New Jersey: Ablex Publishing Corporation.
45. Koeske, G. F., & Koeske, R. D. (1993). A preliminary test of a stress–strain–outcome model for reconceptualizing the burnout phenomenon. Journal of Social Service Research , 17(3/4), 107-135.
46. Köse, S., & Baykal, B. (2018). İş güvencesizliği algısı ve iş arama davranışı ilişkisi: istanbul ve kocaeli örneği. Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi, 8(2), 215-228.
47. Lam, C. F., Liang, J., Ashford, S. J., & Lee, C. (2015). Job insecurity and organizational citizenship behavior: exploring curvilinear and moderated relationship. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(2), 499-510.
48. Leykin, J., & DeBrubeis, R. J. (2010, December). Decision-making styles and depressive symptomatology: development of the decision styles questionnaire. Judgment and Decision Making, 5(7), 506-515. http://www.sjdm.org/~baron/journal/10/10119/jdm10119.pdf
49. Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. New York, USA: Springer Publishing Company.http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup? title=Psychological%20stress%20and%20the%20coping%20process&author=RS.%20Lazarus&publication_year=1966
50. McGrath, J. E. (1976). Stress and behavior in organizations. (M. Dunnette, Dü.) Chicago, USA: RandMc Nally.
51. Norulkamar, U., Ahmad, U., Amin, S. M., Khairuzzaman, W., & Ismail, W. (2009). The impact of technostress on organisational commitment among malaysian academic librarians. Singapore Journal of Library & Information Management, 38, 103-110. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229046696
52. Nowzari, V. (2015). Relationship between emotional intelligence and decision-making styles among managers at sports organizations in fars province. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 5(S2), 1302-1310. 11 30. www.cibtech.org/sp.ed/jls/2015/02/jls.htm
53. Orçanlı, K., Bekmezci, M., & Fırat, Z. M. (2019, Ağustos). İş güvencesizliğinin iş performansına etkisinde örgütsel kimliğin aracılık etkisi. Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(Özel Sayı), 1-28.
54. Orosova, O., & Bavolar, J. (2015). Decision-making styles and their associations with decisionmaking competencies and mental health. Judgment and Decision Making, 10(1), 115-122.
55. Ouyang, Z., Sang, J., Li, P., & Peng, J. (2015, December). Organizational justice and job insecurity as mediators of the effect of emotional intelligence on job satisfaction: a study from china. Personality and Individual Differences, 76, 147-152.
56. Nowzari, V. (2015). Relationship between emotional intelligence and decision-making styles among managers at sports organizations in fars province. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 5(S2), 1302-1310. www.cibtech.org/sp.ed/jls/2015/02/jls.htm
57. Probst, T. M. (2005). Countering the negative effects of job insecurity through participative decision making: lessons from the demand-control model. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10(4), 320-329.
58. Ragu-Nathan, T. S., Tarafdar, M., Ragu-Nathan, B. S., & Tu, Q. (2008). The consequences of technostress for end users in organizations: conceptual development and empirical validation. Information Systems Research, 19(4), 417-433.
59. Roskies, E., & Louis-Guerin, C. (1990, September). Job insecurity in managers: antecedents and consequences. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 11(5), 345-359.
60. Salanova, M., Cifre, E., Llorenz, S., Grau, L. M., & Nogareda, C. (2007). El tecnoestre´s: concepto, medida y prevencio´n(technostress: concept, measurement and prevention). Nota Te´cnica de Prevencio´n, 730
61. Salo, I., & Allwood, C. M. (2011, March). Decision‐making styles, stress and gender among investigators. Policing: An International Journal, 34(1), 97-119.
62. Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1995, October). Decision-making style: the development and assessment of a new measure. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 55(5), 818-831.
63. Sharma, S. (2016, December). Job insecurity and stress -a study of private insurance players in amritsar city. International Journal of Management and Applied Science, 2(12), 99-106.
64. Schaufeli, W. B. (2016). Job insecurity research is still alive and kicking twenty years latter: a commentary. The Australian Psychological Society, 51, 32-35.
65. Shin, H. C. (2019). The relationship between psychological contract breach and job insecurity or stress in employees engaged in the restaurant business. Sustainability, 11, 1-10.
66. Shoss, M. K. (2017:1918, February). Job insecurity: an integrative review and agenda for future research. Journal of Management, 43, 1911-1939
67. Selvi, Ü. Y., & Sümer, N. (2018, Nisan). İş güvencesizliğinin etkileri: temel yaklaşımlar ve olumsuz etkileri düzenleyeci faktörler üzerine bir derleme. The Journal of Human And Work, 5(1), 1- 17.
68. Srivastana, S. C., Chandra, S., & Shirish, A. (2015). Technostress creators and job outcomes: theorizing the moderating influence of personality traits. 25(4), 355-401.
69. Sverke, M., & Hellgren, J. (2002). The nature of jop insecurity: understanding employment uncertainty on the brink of a new millennium. Applied Psychology: an International Review, 51(1), 23-43.
70. Tarafdar, M., Pullins, E. B., & Ragu-Nathan, T. S. (2015, 24 March). Technostress: Negative effect on performance and possible mitigations. Information Systems Journal, 1-50.
71. Tarafdar, M., Tu, Q., & Ragu_Nathan, T. S. (2011, Eylül). Crossing to the dark side: examining creators, outcomes and inhibitors of technostress. Communications of The Acm, 54(9), 111- 120.
72. Tarafdar, M., Ragu-Nathan, T. S., Ragu-Nathan, B., & To, Q. (2007). The impact of technostress on productivity. Journal of Management Information Systems Summer, 24(1), 301-328.
73. Thunholm, P. (2004). Decision-making style: habit, style or both? personality and individual differences, 36(4), 931-944.
74. Türen, U., Erdem, H., & Kalkın, G. (2015, Ocak). İşyerinde tekno-stres ölçeği: havacılık ve bankacılık sektöründe bir araştırma. (E. Cam, Dü.) Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 6(1), 1-19.
75. Ünsar, A. S., & Dinçer, D. (2014). Duygusal zekanın işten ayrılma eğilimine etkisi bir alan araştırması. Yalova Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(7), 55-65.
76. Valibayova, G. (2018). İş güvencesizli algısının iş stresi ve iş performasına etkisi: araştırma görevlileri üzerine bir çalışma. Samsun: Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
77. Wang, Y. (1996). Organizational values and styles of decision-making process: a comparative study of chinese and australian managers. University of Wollongong Thesis Collection. June 27, http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/1467
78. Weil, M. M., & Rosen, L. D. (1997). Technostress: coping with technology @work @home @play (Cilt 28 Şub 2011). California: J. Wiley.
79. Yaşar, O. (2016). Davranışsal Karar Verme Düşünme, Problem Çözme. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312893290_Davranissal_Karar_Verme_Dusunme_P roblem_Cozme
80. Zsambok, C. E. (2014). Naturalistic decision making: where are we now? C. E. Zsambok, & G. Klein içinde, naturalistic decision making (2. Edition b., s. 3-17). NewYork: Psychology Press.