Redundancy in Automatic Flight Control System Design for A General Purpose Helicopter

Year 2024, , 96 - 105, 27.06.2024

Mutullah Eşer , Berk Akın Yıldız , Umut Türe

https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.1468684

Abstract

Redundancy is a popular concept among autopilot design engineers due to the importance of safety in aviation. The main goal of redundancy in autopilot design is to eliminate or minimize the loss of a system in case of single point failures. In this study, the designed autopilot flight control system with redundancy for a general purpose helicopter is presented, along with the simulator and flight test results of the design. The designed system combines the elements of direct and functional redundancy to achieve a full redundant system. The simulator tests were done in the flight control simulator in Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI) in Ankara, and the flight tests were done with the general purpose helicopter over Ankara Mürted airspace. The results of these tests verify the proposed design, ensuring the safety of the flight under different failure scenarios.

Keywords

Automatic flight control system, Redundancy management, Sensor fault detection, Functional redundancy, Direct redundancy

References

• Ahlstrom, K., Torin, J., Fersan, K., & Nobrant, P. (2002). Redundancy Management in Distributed Flight Control Systems: Experience & Simulations. The 21st Digital Avionics Systems Conference. Irvine.
• Amato, F., Cosentino, C., Mattei, M., & Paviglianiti, G. (2006). A Direct/Functional Redundancy Scheme for Fault Detection and Isolation on an Aircraft. Aerospace Science and Technology, 10, 338-345.
• Chen, J., & Patton, R. (1999). Robust Model-Based Fault Diagnosis for Dynamic Systems. The International Series on Asian Studies in Computer and Information Science.
• Downer, J. (2009). When Failure is an Option:Redundancy, reliability and regulation in complex technical systems. The London School of Economics and Political Science, 53.
• Eykeren, L., & Chu, P. (2011). Nonlinear Model-Based Fault Detection for a Hydraulic Actuator. AIAA Guidance, navigation, and control conference, (pp. 1-8). Portland.
• Gobbo, D., Napolitano, M., Famouri, P., & Innocenti, M. (2001). Experimental Application of Extended Kalman Filtering for Sensor Validation. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 9, 376-380.
• Li, J., & Li, L. (2017). Reliable Control for Bilateral Teleoperation Systems with Actuator Faults Using Fuzzy Disturbance Observer. IET Control Theory Appl, 11, 446-455.
• Li, W., & Shi, G. (2020). Redundancy Management Strategy for Electro-Hydraulic Actuators Based on Intelligent Algorithms. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 12, 1-16.
• Ljung, L., & Söderstrom, T. (1983). Theory and Practice of Recursive Identification. Cambridge.
• Navatha, A., Bellad, K., & Hiremath, S. (2016). Dynamic Analysis of Electro Hydrostatic Actuation System. Procedia Technology, 1289-1296.
• Newman, S. (1994). The Foundations of Helicopter Flight. London: Edward Arnold.
• Padfield, G. (2018). Helicopter Flight Dynamics. Oxford: Blackwell Science.
• Patton, R. (1997). Fault-Tolerant Control: The 1997 Situation. IFAC Symposium on Fault Detection, Supervision and Safety. Kingston Upon Hull.
• Rehage, D., Carl, U., & Vahl, A. (2005). Redundancy Management of Fault Tolerant Aircraft System Architectures-Reliability Synthesis and Analysis of Degraded System States. Aerospace Science and Technology, 9, 337-347.
• Schafer, L., Garcia, S., Mitschke, A., & Srithammavanh, V. (2018). Redundancy system design for an aircraft door management system. Computer and Operations Research, 94(1), 11-22.
• Stefano, S., & Everline, C. (2014). The Use of Redundancy to Improve Reliability of Deep Space Missions Using an ASRG Power Source. 12th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Cleveland.
• Xiao, B., & Yin, S. (2018). An Intelligent Actuator Fault Reconstruction Scheme for Robotic Manipulators. IEEE Trans Cybern, 48, 639-647.
• Zhang, Y., & Deng, A. (2015). Redundancy Rules Reduction in Rule-Based Knowledge Bases. 12th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery, (pp. 639-643). China.
• Zhi-hong, J., Heng, Z., Qing-tang, F., & Ji-hong, Z. (2006). Study of High-Reliable Differential Dual-Redundancy EMA without Load-Averaging Controller for Aircraft. IMACS Multiconference on “Computational Engineering in Systems Applications” (CESA). Beijing.
• Zolghadri, A. (2000). A Redundancy-Based Strategy for Safety Management in a Modern Civil Aircraft. Control Engineering Practice, 8, 545-554.