Integrating automation systems within the aviation sector signifies a critical juncture, presenting significant advancements in operational efficiency and safety protocols. However, this technological evolution mandates a comprehensive reassessment of decision-making processes, particularly as pilots navigate the intricate interaction between human cognition and automated support. This study aims to enhance academic discourse by conducting a thorough analysis of the implications of automation systems on decision-making in aviation, with a specific focus on the tragic incidents involving Lion Air Flight 610 on October 29, 2018, and Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 on March 10, 2019. The impact of automation systems on decision-making in aviation will be examined in detail to understand their role in these incidents. Employing a rigorous case analysis methodology upon a diverse array of secondary sources, this study seeks to unravel the multifaceted dynamics at play and shed light on the influence of automation on pilot actions and responses. Anticipated outcomes of this study include providing invaluable guidance to aviation stakeholders, encompassing regulatory bodies, aircraft manufacturers, airlines, and pilots, concerning the challenges and opportunities inherent in automation integration. By identifying knowledge gaps and delineating avenues for enhancement, this research endeavours to inform evidence-based strategies and optimal practices for enhancing safety and resilience in contemporary air travel. Ultimately, the significance of this scholarly endeavour lies in its potential to advance scholarly understanding and facilitate informed decision-making processes, thereby contributing to the pursuit of safer and more efficient aviation operations on a global scale.
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future directions. Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy, 3(3), 493-543.
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crash-investigation.html
Giannaros, A., Karras, A., Theodorakopoulos, L., Karras, C., Kranias, P., Schizas, N., Kalogeratos, G., & Tsolis, D.
(2023). Autonomous vehicles: Sophisticated attacks, safety issues, challenges, open topics, blockchain, and
future directions. Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy, 3(3), 493-543.
Gil, Guk‐Ho & Kaber, David & Kaufmann, Karl & Kim, Sang-Hwan. (2012). Effects of Modes of Cockpit
Automation on Pilot Performance and Workload in a Next Generation Flight Concept of Operation. Human
Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries. 22.
Gröndahl, M., McCann, A., Glanz, J., Migliozzi, B., & Syam, U. (2018). In 12 minutes, everything went wrong. How
the pilots of Lion Air Flight 610 lost control. Retrieved
fromhttps://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/12/26/world/asia/lion-air-crash-12-minutes.html
Hancock, P. A. (2013). Automation: How much is too much? Ergonomics.
Hashim, F. (2018). Lion Air 737 Max 8 crash confirmed, 189 dead. Flightglobal. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
Jolly, J. (2019). Lion Air crash report 'criticises design, maintenance and pilot error'. The Guardian. Retrieved
February 24, 2024.
Johnsen, S. & Holen, Siri & Aalberg, Asbjørn & Bjørkevoll, Knut Steinar & Evjemo, Tor Erik & Johanse, Gorm &
Myklebust, Thor & Okstad, Eivind & Porathe, Thomas & Pavlov, Alexey. (2020). Automation and autonomous
systems: Human-centred design.
Komite Nasional Keselamatan Transportasi. (2018). Aircraft accident investigation report: PT. Lion Mentari
Airlines, Boeing 737-8 (MAX); PK-LQP, Tanjung Karawang, West Java, Republic of Indonesia, 29 October 2018
(Report No. KNKT.18.10.35.04). Republic of Indonesia. Retrieved from https://aaiu.ie/2018-035-PK-LQP-Final-
Report.pdf
Kunert, S., Bedenk, S., Wehner, T., & Elbe, M. (2018). Strategies in failure management: Scientific insights, case
studies and tools.
Labib, A. (2015). Learning (and unlearning) from failures: 30 years on from Bhopal to Fukushima an analysis
through reliability engineering techniques. Process Safety and Environmental Protection.
Labib, A., & Read, M. (2013). Not just rearranging the deckchairs on the Titanic: Learning from failures through
risk and reliability analysis. Safety Science.
Labib, A., Hadleigh-Dunn, S., Mahfouz, A., & Gentile, M. (2019). Operationalising learning from rare events:
Framework for middle humanitarian operations managers. Production and Operations Management.
Langewiesche, W. (2019). What Really Brought Down the Boeing 737 Max? The New York Times. Retrieved
December 10, 2019.
Li, W.-C., & Harris, D. (2006). Pilot error and its relationship with higher organizational levels: HFACS analysis of
523 accidents. Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine.
Liu, S. B., Vieweg, S., Palen, L., & Sutton, J. (2008). Collective intelligence in disaster: Examination of the
phenomenon in the aftermath of the 2007 Virginia Tech shooting.
Macleod, N. (2021). Crew resource management training: A competence-based approach for airline pilots.
Madsen, P., & Desai, V. M. (2010). Failing to learn? The effects of failure and success on organizational learning
in the global orbital launch vehicle industry. Academy of Management Journal.
Mahler, J., & Casamayou, M. (2009). Organizational learning at NASA: The Challenger and Columbia
accidents.
Mahtani, S., & Rohmah, A. (2018). Indonesian plane crashes into the sea with more than 180 on board. The
Washington Post. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
Mejdal, S., McCauley, M. E., & Beringer, D. B. (2021). Human factors design guidelines for multifunction displays.
Monterey Technologies, Inc. & Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, Federal Aviation Administration.
McKirdy, E., Faridz, D., & McKenzie, S. (2018). Lion Air flight crashes en route from Jakarta to Pangkal Pinang.
CNN. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
Miriri, D. (2019). Ethiopian plane smoked and shuddered before deadly plunge [News article]. Reuters.
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ethiopia-airplane-timeline/ethiopian-plane-smoked-and-shuddered-
before-deadly-plunge-idUSKBN1QT0EK
Moreno, A., Velez, G., Ardanza, A., & Chopitea, R. (2017). The virtualization process of a sheet metal punching
machine within the industry 4.0 vision. International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing
(IJIDeM).
Motlagh, N. H., Taleb, T., & Arouk, O. (2016). Low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicles-based Internet of Things
services: Comprehensive survey and future perspectives. IEEE Internet of Things Journal.
National Transportation Safety Committee. (2024.). Aircraft Accident Investigation Report. PT. Lion Airlines
Boeing 737 (MAX); PK-LQP Tanjung Karawang, West Java, Republic of Indonesia 29 October 2018 [PDF].
Retrieved February 26, 2024, from https://knkt.dephub.go.id/knkt/ntsc_aviation/baru/pre/2018/20-
%20035%20/20PKLQP%20Final%20Report.pdf
Nguyen, Thanh & Lim, Chee & Nguyen, Ngoc Duy & Gordon-Brown, Lee & Nahavandi, Saeid. (2019). A Review of
Situation Awareness Assessment Approaches in Aviation Environments. IEEE Systems Journal.
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