Assessing the Impact of Hybrid Propulsion Systems on the Range and Efficiency of Aircraft

Year 2024, , 377 - 384, 22.10.2024

Alihuseyn Maharramov , Elif Koruyucu

https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.1540893

Abstract

The demand for aviation continues to grow, posing issues in terms of fuel consumption, environmental effect, and operational efficiency. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has also highlighted the need for sustainable solutions in the aviation sector. To address these issues, hybrid electric propulsion systems have emerged as a potential option. Hybrid electric propulsion systems have the potential to improve airplane performance while reducing environmental impact. This article looks into the effects of hybrid electric propulsion technologies on optimal aircraft range. The study looks at aviation's environmental impact, several hybrid aircraft prototypes, and battery capacity and density challenges. Fuel usage increases in proportion to the weight of the aircraft. As a result, the range is shorter. In modern technology, along with to the added weight of batteries used as energy storage in hybrid propulsion systems, there are low battery densities and capacities. When the researches were reviewed, it was discovered that overcoming these limitations was easier for small aircraft and more difficult for large aircraft. As a consequence of the studies and research conducted, the development of light and reliable batteries with high energy density and capacity would expand the range of hybrid aircraft and allow them to be used more efficiently over long distances.

Keywords

Aviation, Hybrid propulsion systems, Optimum range, Battery, Hybridization

References

• Arabul, A. Y., Kurt, E., Keskin Arabul, F., Senol, İ., Schrötter, M., Bréda, R., & Megyesi, D. (2021). Perspectives and Development of Electrical Systems in More Electric Aircraft. International Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 2021, 1-14.
• Alvarez, P., Satrustegui, M., Elosegui, I., & Martinez-Iturralde, M. (2022). Review of High Power and High Voltage Electric Motors for Single-Aisle Regional Aircraft. IEEE Access, 10, 112989-113004.
• Barelli, L., Bidini, G., Gallorini, F., Iantorno, F., Pane, N., Ottaviano, P., & Trombetti, L. (2018). Dynamic Modeling of a Hybrid Propulsion System for Tourist Boat. Energies, 11(10), 2592. Surname, N.N. (Year). The full title of the article. Journal Name, volume and issue 5(3), first and last page 123-185.
• Bradley, M., & Droney, C. (2015). Subsonic Ultra Green Aircraft Research: Phase II – Volume II Hybrid Electric Design Exploration (Contract Report NASA/CR–2015-218704/Volume II). Boeing Research and Technology.
• Boschert, S. (2006). Plug-in hybrids: the cars that will recharge America. New Society Publishers Surname, N.N.,
• Bravo, G. M., Praliyev, N., & Veress, Á. (2021). Performance analysis of hybrid electric and distributed propulsion system applied on a light aircraft. Energy, 214, 118823.
• Capata, R., & Coccia, A. (2010). Procedure for the Design of a Hybrid-Series Vehicle and the Hybridization Degree Choice. Energies, 3(3), 450-461.
• Caputo, P., Soderberg, M., Crowley, E., & Daher, M. (2023, Nisan 10). Navigating toward a new normal: 2023 Deloitte corporate travel study.
• Cardoso, D. S., Fael, P. O., & Espírito-Santo, A. (2020). A review of micro and mild hybrid systems. Energy Reports, 6, 385-390.
• Correa, G., Santarelli, M., Borello, F., Cestino, E., & Romeo, G. (2015). Flight test validation of the dynamic model of a fuel cell system for ultra-light aircraft. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 229(5), 917-932.
• De Vries, R., Hoogreef, M., & Vos, R. (2019, Ocak 7). Preliminary Sizing of a Hybrid-Electric Passenger Aircraft Featuring Over-the-Wing Distributed-Propulsion. AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum, San Diego, California.
• Doll, U., Migliorini, M., Baikie, J., Zachos, P. K., Röhle, I., Melnikov, S., Steinbock, J., Dues, M., Kapulla, R., MacManus, D. G., & Lawson, N. J. (2022). Non-intrusive flow diagnostics for unsteady inlet flow distortion measurements in novel aircraft architectures. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 130, 100810.
• Economou, J. T., Tsourdos, A., & Wang, S. (2019, Ağustos 19). Design of a Distributed Hybrid Electric Propulsion System for a Light Aircraft based on genetic algorithm. AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum, Indianapolis, IN.
• Gogolák, L., Csikós, S., Molnár, T., Szuchy, P., Bíró, I., & Sárosi, J. (2019). Possibilities of optimizing fuel consumption in hybrid and electronic airplanes. Analecta Technica Szegedinensia, 13(2), 65-76.
• He, C., Jia, Y., & Ma, D. (2020). Optimization and Analysis of Hybrid Electric System for Distributed Propulsion Tilt-Wing UAV. IEEE Access, 8, 224654-224667.
• Hong, J., Zhao, L., Lei, Y., & Gao, B. (2018). Architecture Optimization of Hybrid Electric Vehicles with Future High- Efficiency Engine. Energies, 11(5), 1148.
• Huang, Z. (2023). Electric and hybrid-electric aircraft propulsion systems: development, difficulties and opportunities. Theoretical and Natural Science, 5(1), 28-34.
• http-1; Retrieved from https://airlines.iata.org/2018/11/26/ passenger-numbers-hit-82bn-2037-iata-report, on 15.12.2023
• http-2; Retrieved from https://www.icao.int/annual-report-2019/Pages/the-world-of-air-transport-in- 2019.aspx, on 18.12.2023
• http-3; Retrieved from https://www.boeing.com/commercial/ market/commercial-market- outlook/index.page, on 18.12.2023
• http-4; Retrieved from https://www.iea.org/reports/net-zero-by-2050, on 15.12.2023
• http-5; Retrieved from https://www.airbus.com/en/ productsservices/commercial-aircraft/market/global- market-forecast, on 18.12.2023
• http-6 Retrieved from https://atag.org/industry-topics/supporting-economic-social-development, on 15.12.2023
• http-7; Retrieved from https://www.iata.org/en/pressroom/ pressroom-archive /2021-releases/2021-08-03- 01/, on 18.12.2023
• http-8; Retrieved from https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/ masks#, on 15.12.2023
• IATA, (December 2020). Air Passenger Market Analysis, IATA Report.
• Jain, S., & Kumar, L. (2018). Fundamentals of Power Electronics Controlled Electric Propulsion. Içinde Power Electronics Handbook (ss. 1023-1065). Elsevier.
• Maddumage, W., Perera, M., Attalage, R., & Kelly, P. (2021). Power Management Strategy of a Parallel Hybrid Three-Wheeler for Fuel and Emission Reduction.
• Morishita, N., Funaki, M., Kikuchi, Y., Wakiwaka, H., Sonehara, M., & Sato, T. (2023). A basic study on braking and regenerative braking torques for an axial gap type eddy current brake. International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, 71, S383-S392.
• Palaia, G., & Abu Salem, K. (2023). Mission Performance Analysis of Hybrid-Electric Regional Aircraft. Aerospace, 10(3), 246.
• Pomerantseva, E., Bonaccorso, F., Feng, X., Cui, Y., & Gogotsi, Y. (2019). Energy storage: The future enabled by nanomaterials. Science, 366(6468), eaan8285.
• Ratner, S. V. (2018). Innovation in the aircraft industry: An analysis of results of research programs for developing alternative types of aviation fuel. National Interests: Priorities and Security. V.A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences, 14(3), 492-506.
• Rendón, M. A., Sánchez R., C. D., Gallo M., J., & Anzai, A. H. (2021). Aircraft Hybrid-Electric Propulsion: Development Trends, Challenges and Opportunities. Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems, 32(5), 1244-1268.
• Sliwinski, J., Gardi, A., Marino, M., & Sabatini, R. (2017). Hybridelectric propulsion integration in unmanned aircraft, Energy, 140, 1407–1416.
• Voskuijl, M., van Bogaert, J., & Rao, A. G. (2018). Analysis and design of hybrid electric regional turboprop aircraft. CEAS Aeronautical Journal, 9(1), 15-25.
• Ward, C. (2023). Electric Planes: Are They Really The Future Of Flight? Retrieved from https://www.slashgear.com/1391420/electric-planes-future-of-flight/, on 18.12.2023
• Xie, Y., Savvarisal, A., Tsourdos, A., Zhang, D., & Gu, J. (2021). Review of hybrid electric powered aircraft, its conceptual design and energy management methodologies. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 34(4), 432- 450.
• Zaghari, B., Kiran, A., Sinnige, T., Pontika, E., Enalou, H. B., Kipouros, T., & Laskaridis, P. (2023, Ocak 23). The Impact of Electric Machine and Propeller Coupling Design on Electrified Aircraft Noise and Performance. AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum, National Harbor, MD & Online.