Research Article
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The Effects of The Pandemic Period on The Performance of Airline Pilots in Turkey

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 64 - 72, 17.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.1200222

Abstract

The aviation industry is one of the sectors that have been adversely affected by the pandemic, both materially and morally. In the early stages of the pandemic, air transport came to a standstill for a long time. The airline industry's inability to do business has had some consequences. Pilots, who are the last link of flight safety, which is an indispensable priority of the airline industry, have been the professional group that directly confronts the material and moral consequences of interrupted flights. When the importance of the flight performance of the pilots is evaluated, the effect of these results on the aviation sector has become suitable to increase geometrically. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the extent to which the pilots are affected by the pandemic conditions and the main reasons for these effects. The method of the study was determined as a questionnaire and one-to-one interviews with flight instructors. 148 pilots participated in the survey and 3 flight instructors were interviewed. According to the results, it has been seen that the group most affected by the effects of the pandemic is the inexperienced first officers who have just started to work and have not gained enough experience yet. It has been seen that every time they come to the cockpit, they perform as if they are sitting in that seat for the first time. It was observed that the least affected were experienced captains. However, in general, since flight is a team job, it has been observed that the workload of experienced captains increases due to inexperienced first officers, which negatively affects flight performance. However, it is thought that it is not reflected in the statistics due to the decrease in the number of flights.

References

  • AFB-SBS. (2022, January 5). Qantas pilots making errors after long periods spent grounded by COVID-19, report claims. Retrieved from https://www.sbs.com.au/ news/qantas-pilots-making-errors-after-long-periods-spent-grounded-by-covid-19-report-claims/228b019b-39f5-42dd-9e9e-905f7efbf16f on February 5, 2022.
  • Akalın, Z.D. (2019). Relationships Between Stress Factors and Job Performance on Pilots. Master Thesis. Istanbul: Beykent University Institute of Social Sciences.
  • Arkun, S. (2018). To The Airline Industry of the 2008 Financial Crisis Reflections and An Application. İSMMMO Mali Çözüm Dergisi, 28(150), 221-231.
  • Aydın, T. (2019, August). Investigation of Non-Technical Pilot Skills Desired in Airline Pilots. Master Thesis. Eskisehir: Eskisehir Technical University.
  • Buyukozturk, S. v. (2010). Scientific Study Methods. Ankara: Pegem Academy Publications.
  • Cebeci, U. (2011, September 11). hurriyet.com. Retrieved from https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/havaciligin-kurallari-11-eylul-le-degisti-18701332.
  • CDC. (2005, May 3). Guidance for Airline Flight Crews, Cargo and Cleaning Personnel, and Personnel Interacting with Arriving Passengers. Retrieved from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: https://www.cdc.gov/sars/travel/airpersonnel.pdf on January 23, 2022.
  • Erikci, B. (2020). Natural Decision Making: A Study on Pilots. Master Thesis. Istanbul: Bahcesehir University.
  • Euronews. (2020, June 24). Report on plane crash in Pakistan: Cause of accident 'Covid-19’. Retrieved on 27 January 2022, from tr.euronews.com: https://tr.euronews.com/2020/06/24/pakistan-da- dusen-ucakla-ille-rapor-kaza-why-covid-19.
  • FAA. (2010). An International Survey of Transport Airplane Pilots' Experiences and Perspectives of Lateral/Directional Control Events and Rudder Issues in Transport Airplanes (Rudder Survey). Washington: Office of Aerospace Medicine.
  • FAA Safety. (2022). Human Factors.
  • Haslbeck, A., Eichinger, A., & Bengler, K. (2013). Pilot Decision Making: Modeling Choices in Go-Around Situations. International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 548-553). Munich: Wright State University.
  • ICAO. (2021, November 1). Active Fleet Comparisons by Aircraft Types. Retrieved on January 26, 2022 from data.icao.int: https://data.icao.int/coVID-19/aircraft.htm
  • ICAO. (2021, November 1). Operational Impact on Air Transportation. Retrieved on January 26, 2022 from data.icao.int: https://data.icao.int/coVID-19/operational.htm
  • ICAO. (2021, November 1). Revenue/Pax/Seat Losses. Retrieved on January 26, 2022 from data.icao.int: https://data.icao.int/coVID-19/economic.htm
  • IATA. (2006, May 2). The Impact of the 9/11 Terrorist Attacks. Retrieved on January 12, 2022 from iata.org: https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/economic-reports/impact-ofsept-11t h-2001-attack/
  • John, F. & Franke, M. (2011). What comes next after recession? – Airline industry scenarios and potential end games. Journal of Air Transport Management, 19-26.
  • Kao, LS, & Jian Lin, LW (2010). Situational Awareness. Focus, 2-10.
  • Kubal Guler, N. (2014). Identification of Psychosocial Risks in Pilots. Master Thesis. Ankara: Ministry of Labor and Social Security, General Directorate of Occupational Health and Safety.
  • Karagöz, Y. (2016). SPSS 23 and AMOS 23 Applied Statistical Analysis. Ankara: Nobel Academic Publishing.
  • LePan, N. (2020, March 14). Visualizing the History of Pandemics. Retrieved on January 23, 2022 from Visual Capitalist: https://www.visualcapitalist.com/history-of-pandemics-deadliest/
  • Mannan, S. (2005). Chapter 14: Human Factors and Human Error.
  • Martinez Garbuna, D. (2020, April 7). Simple Flying. Retrieved December 29, 2021 from Simple Flying: https://simpleflying.com/germanwings-operations-over/
  • Mevlutoglu, A. (2022). Simulators in Flight Training. UHUM Special, 17-21.
  • OECD. (2020, October 15). Tackling Coronavirus (COVID-19): Contributing To a Global Effort. Retrieved on January 27, 2022 from COVID-19 and the aviation industry: Impact and policy responses: https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=137_137248fyhl0sbu89&title=COVID-19-and-the-aviation-industry
  • Pallini, T. (2020, June 19). FAA issues warning to airlines after a spike of in-flight incidents due to rusty pilots flying emptier planes than usual due to coronavirus. Retrieved on February 5, 2022 from businessinsider.com: https://www.businessinsider.com/pilot-safety-reports-show-new-dangers-of-pandemic-flying-2020-6?r=US&IR=T
  • SHGM. (2021). Civil Air- Vehicle Accidents Investigation Regulation.
  • Sobieralski, J. B. (2020). COVID-19 and airline employment: Insights from historical uncertainty shocks to the industry. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 5, 100123.
  • Soran, S. (2004). Stress Factors on Pilots, Their Management and A Field Study on This Subject. Master Thesis. Malatya: İnönü University, Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Business Administration.
  • Stein, ES (1984). The Measurement of Pilot Performance: A Master-Journeyman Approach. Virginia: US Department of Transportation.
  • Schermerborn, J., Hunt, J., & Osborn, R. (1988). Managing Organizational Behavior. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Reason, J. (1991). Human Error. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • TR Ministry of Culture and Tourism. (2020). Tourism Income and Expenditures. Retrieved February 8, 2022 from yigm.ktb.gov.tr:https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/TR201116/turizm-gelirleri-ve-giderleri.html
  • TheFlightChannel (Managed). (2019). How a Badly Trained Pilot Caused this Airbus to Crash into New York City American Airlines 587 [Motion Picture].
  • Tursun, M., & Şahin, A. (2020). The Effect of Aircraft Accidents on the Market Value of Airline Companies: Analysis by Case Study Method. Journal of Finance, Economics and Social Studies.
  • WHO. (2022, January 25). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Retrieved January 25, 2022 from who.int: https://www.who.int/healthtopics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1
  • WHO. (2022, January 25). WHO (COVID-19) Dashboard. Retrieved on January 25, 2022 from WHO.int: https://covid19.who.int/

Pandemi Döneminin Türkiye’deki Havayolu Pilotlarının Performansına Etkisi

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 64 - 72, 17.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.1200222

Abstract

Havacılık sektörü de pandemiden hem maddi hem de manevi anlamda olumsuz etkilenen sektörlerin başında gelmektedir. Pandeminin ilk dönemlerinde havayolu ulaşımı uzunca bir süre durma noktasına gelmiştir. Havayolu sektörünün iş yapamaz duruma gelmesi bazı sonuçları doğurmuştur. Havayolu sektörünün vazgeçilmez önceliği olan uçuş güvenliğinin son halkası olan pilotlar, kesilen uçuşların ortaya çıkardığı maddi ve manevi sonuçları doğrudan göğüsleyen meslek grubu olmuştur. Pilotların uçuş performansının önemi değerlendirildiğinde bu sonuçların havacılık sektörüne olan etkisi geometrik şekilde artmaya müsait duruma gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada pilotların pandemi şartlarından ne derecede etkilendiği ve bu etkilerin temel sebeplerinin ortaya çıkarılması hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmanın yöntemi anket ve uçuş öğretmenleriyle yapılan birebir mülakat görüşmesi olarak belirlenmiştir. 148 pilot ankete katılmış ve 3 uçuş öğretmeniyle mülakat yapılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre pandeminin etkilerinden en çok etkilenen grubun, işe yeni başlamış henüz yeterince tecrübe kazanamamış tecrübesiz yardımcı pilotlar olduğu görülmüştür. Kokpite her geldiklerinde ilk defa o koltuğa oturuyormuş gibi performans ortaya koydukları görülmüştür. En az etkilenenin ise tecrübeli kaptanlar olduğu görülmüştür. Ancak genele bakıldığında, uçuş bir ekip işi olduğundan tecrübeli kaptanların iş yükünün, tecrübesiz yardımcı pilotlardan dolayı arttığı ve bununda uçuş performansını olumsuz etkilediği görülmüştür. Ancak uçuş sayıları azaldığından dolayı istatistiklere yansımadığı düşünülmektedir.

References

  • AFB-SBS. (2022, January 5). Qantas pilots making errors after long periods spent grounded by COVID-19, report claims. Retrieved from https://www.sbs.com.au/ news/qantas-pilots-making-errors-after-long-periods-spent-grounded-by-covid-19-report-claims/228b019b-39f5-42dd-9e9e-905f7efbf16f on February 5, 2022.
  • Akalın, Z.D. (2019). Relationships Between Stress Factors and Job Performance on Pilots. Master Thesis. Istanbul: Beykent University Institute of Social Sciences.
  • Arkun, S. (2018). To The Airline Industry of the 2008 Financial Crisis Reflections and An Application. İSMMMO Mali Çözüm Dergisi, 28(150), 221-231.
  • Aydın, T. (2019, August). Investigation of Non-Technical Pilot Skills Desired in Airline Pilots. Master Thesis. Eskisehir: Eskisehir Technical University.
  • Buyukozturk, S. v. (2010). Scientific Study Methods. Ankara: Pegem Academy Publications.
  • Cebeci, U. (2011, September 11). hurriyet.com. Retrieved from https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/havaciligin-kurallari-11-eylul-le-degisti-18701332.
  • CDC. (2005, May 3). Guidance for Airline Flight Crews, Cargo and Cleaning Personnel, and Personnel Interacting with Arriving Passengers. Retrieved from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: https://www.cdc.gov/sars/travel/airpersonnel.pdf on January 23, 2022.
  • Erikci, B. (2020). Natural Decision Making: A Study on Pilots. Master Thesis. Istanbul: Bahcesehir University.
  • Euronews. (2020, June 24). Report on plane crash in Pakistan: Cause of accident 'Covid-19’. Retrieved on 27 January 2022, from tr.euronews.com: https://tr.euronews.com/2020/06/24/pakistan-da- dusen-ucakla-ille-rapor-kaza-why-covid-19.
  • FAA. (2010). An International Survey of Transport Airplane Pilots' Experiences and Perspectives of Lateral/Directional Control Events and Rudder Issues in Transport Airplanes (Rudder Survey). Washington: Office of Aerospace Medicine.
  • FAA Safety. (2022). Human Factors.
  • Haslbeck, A., Eichinger, A., & Bengler, K. (2013). Pilot Decision Making: Modeling Choices in Go-Around Situations. International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 548-553). Munich: Wright State University.
  • ICAO. (2021, November 1). Active Fleet Comparisons by Aircraft Types. Retrieved on January 26, 2022 from data.icao.int: https://data.icao.int/coVID-19/aircraft.htm
  • ICAO. (2021, November 1). Operational Impact on Air Transportation. Retrieved on January 26, 2022 from data.icao.int: https://data.icao.int/coVID-19/operational.htm
  • ICAO. (2021, November 1). Revenue/Pax/Seat Losses. Retrieved on January 26, 2022 from data.icao.int: https://data.icao.int/coVID-19/economic.htm
  • IATA. (2006, May 2). The Impact of the 9/11 Terrorist Attacks. Retrieved on January 12, 2022 from iata.org: https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/economic-reports/impact-ofsept-11t h-2001-attack/
  • John, F. & Franke, M. (2011). What comes next after recession? – Airline industry scenarios and potential end games. Journal of Air Transport Management, 19-26.
  • Kao, LS, & Jian Lin, LW (2010). Situational Awareness. Focus, 2-10.
  • Kubal Guler, N. (2014). Identification of Psychosocial Risks in Pilots. Master Thesis. Ankara: Ministry of Labor and Social Security, General Directorate of Occupational Health and Safety.
  • Karagöz, Y. (2016). SPSS 23 and AMOS 23 Applied Statistical Analysis. Ankara: Nobel Academic Publishing.
  • LePan, N. (2020, March 14). Visualizing the History of Pandemics. Retrieved on January 23, 2022 from Visual Capitalist: https://www.visualcapitalist.com/history-of-pandemics-deadliest/
  • Mannan, S. (2005). Chapter 14: Human Factors and Human Error.
  • Martinez Garbuna, D. (2020, April 7). Simple Flying. Retrieved December 29, 2021 from Simple Flying: https://simpleflying.com/germanwings-operations-over/
  • Mevlutoglu, A. (2022). Simulators in Flight Training. UHUM Special, 17-21.
  • OECD. (2020, October 15). Tackling Coronavirus (COVID-19): Contributing To a Global Effort. Retrieved on January 27, 2022 from COVID-19 and the aviation industry: Impact and policy responses: https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=137_137248fyhl0sbu89&title=COVID-19-and-the-aviation-industry
  • Pallini, T. (2020, June 19). FAA issues warning to airlines after a spike of in-flight incidents due to rusty pilots flying emptier planes than usual due to coronavirus. Retrieved on February 5, 2022 from businessinsider.com: https://www.businessinsider.com/pilot-safety-reports-show-new-dangers-of-pandemic-flying-2020-6?r=US&IR=T
  • SHGM. (2021). Civil Air- Vehicle Accidents Investigation Regulation.
  • Sobieralski, J. B. (2020). COVID-19 and airline employment: Insights from historical uncertainty shocks to the industry. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 5, 100123.
  • Soran, S. (2004). Stress Factors on Pilots, Their Management and A Field Study on This Subject. Master Thesis. Malatya: İnönü University, Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Business Administration.
  • Stein, ES (1984). The Measurement of Pilot Performance: A Master-Journeyman Approach. Virginia: US Department of Transportation.
  • Schermerborn, J., Hunt, J., & Osborn, R. (1988). Managing Organizational Behavior. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Reason, J. (1991). Human Error. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • TR Ministry of Culture and Tourism. (2020). Tourism Income and Expenditures. Retrieved February 8, 2022 from yigm.ktb.gov.tr:https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/TR201116/turizm-gelirleri-ve-giderleri.html
  • TheFlightChannel (Managed). (2019). How a Badly Trained Pilot Caused this Airbus to Crash into New York City American Airlines 587 [Motion Picture].
  • Tursun, M., & Şahin, A. (2020). The Effect of Aircraft Accidents on the Market Value of Airline Companies: Analysis by Case Study Method. Journal of Finance, Economics and Social Studies.
  • WHO. (2022, January 25). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Retrieved January 25, 2022 from who.int: https://www.who.int/healthtopics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1
  • WHO. (2022, January 25). WHO (COVID-19) Dashboard. Retrieved on January 25, 2022 from WHO.int: https://covid19.who.int/
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Çakır Atılhan Güzel This is me 0000-0002-9316-0307

Nuran Karaağaoğlu 0000-0002-8963-272X

Publication Date March 17, 2023
Submission Date November 6, 2022
Acceptance Date December 16, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Güzel, Ç. A., & Karaağaoğlu, N. (2023). The Effects of The Pandemic Period on The Performance of Airline Pilots in Turkey. Journal of Aviation, 7(1), 64-72. https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.1200222

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