Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

The Role of Flight Simulators in Pilot Training

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 137 - 145, 26.02.2025
https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.1588557

Abstract

Aviation is one of the most advanced and multifaceted industries in the world. One of the most critical aspects of aviation, which cannot be overlooked, is flight safety. Pilot training is a specialized form of education that is a crucial component of the aviation industry. The training process serves as a fundamental interface between pilots and the potential environments they will encounter in real flight operations. At present, a significant portion of pilot training is performed in flight simulators, which replicate real flight environments, making pilot training both cost-effective and safe. For example, a full flight simulator can provide accurate force feedback through its system for the flight control inputs of the pilot. Equipped with diverse systems to simulate various flight parameters (e.g. altitude, acceleration, speed, etc.), a flight simulator can generate a large amount of data on flight and pilot activity during training. With the continuous development of software and hardware technologies, flight simulators are becoming increasingly sophisticated, offering training across a broad range of tasks. Therefore, finding ways to enhance the efficiency and quality of simulator-based training is crucial. This study conducted a comparative analysis of the utilization of flight simulators both globally and within our country. The review of studies stresses the critical significance of pilot training in the aviation industry and the advantages that flight simulators bring to the training process. Furthermore, the need for objective evaluation of pilot performance is identified as a key issue that warrants global research attention.

Project Number

3230233

References

  • Allerton, D. J. (2010). The impact of flight simulation in aerospace. The Aeronautical Journal, 114(1162), 747-756.
  • Aragon, C. R., & Hearst, M. A. (2005). Improving aviation safety with information visualization: A flight simulation study. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 441-450.
  • Baarspul, M. (1990). A review of flight simulation techniques. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 27(1), 1-120.
  • Baa Training. (2024) https://baatraining.com/blog/evolution-of-full-flight-simulators/
  • Beckman, W. (2003). An evaluation of the perceived effect of personal computer aviation training devices for instrument flight training. Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research, 12(3), 1.
  • Boeing.(2024).https://www.boeing.com/content/theboeingcompany/us/en/commercial/market/pilot- technician-outlook
  • Boril, J., Leuchter, J., Smrz, V., and Blasch, E. (2015). Aviation simulation training in the Czech air force. 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC),9A2-1. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7311484/
  • Broach, D., Schroeder, D., and Gildea, K. (2019). Best practices in pilot selection. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/57077
  • Burki-Cohen, J. S., Go, T. H., & Longridge, T. (2001). Flight Simulator Fidelity Considerations for Total Airline Pilot Training and Evaluation. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/9478
  • Chung, W. (2000). A review of approaches to determine the effectiveness of ground-based flight simulation. Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference, Denver,CO,U.S.A.
  • Croft, J. (2015). As airline pilot shortage looms, industry examines its options. Aviation Week & Space Technology, 177(5), 1-1.
  • Damos, D. L. (2014). Editor’s Preface to the Special Issue on Pilot Selection. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 24(1), 1-5.
  • Dubois, E., Blättler, C., Camachon, C., and Hurter, C. (2015). Eye Movements Data Processing for Ab Initio Military Pilot Training. R. Neves-Silva, L. C. Jain, & R. J. Howlett (Ed.), Intelligent Decision Technologies (C. 39, pp. 125-135). Springer International Publishing.
  • EASA. (2018). https://www.easa.europa.eu/en/document-library/certification-specifications/group/cs-fstda- aeroplane-flight-simulation-training-devices
  • EASA. (2024). https://www.easa.europa.eu/en/document-library/general-publications/annual-safety-review- 2024
  • Final Report (2014), Accident to Airbus A330-203 registered F-GZCP, Air France AF 447 Rio de Janeiro – Paris, https://aaiu.ie/foreign_reports_fr/final-report-accident-to-airbus-a330-203-registered-f-gzcp-air-france- af-447-rio-de-janeiro-paris-1st-june-2009/
  • Foyle, D. C., and Hooe, B. L. (2010). Human Performance Modeling in Aviation. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.1201/9781420062984/human-performance-modeling-aviation- david-foyle-becky-hooey
  • Goetz, S., Harrison, B., and Robertson, M. (2012). Use of simulation in visual flight training: The effect on time to solo. The Collegiate Aviation Review International, 30(2).https://ojs.library.okstate.edu/osu/index.php/CARI/article/view/7482
  • Haslbeck, A., Kirchner, P., Schubert, E., and Bengler, K. (2014). A Flight Simulator Study to Evaluate Manual Flying Skills of Airline Pilots. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 58(1), 11-15.
  • Hess, R. A., and Marchesi, F. (2009). Analytical Assessment of Flight Simulator Fidelity Using Pilot Models. Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 32(3), 760-770.
  • IATA.(2024).https://www.iata.org/contentassets/c81222d96c9a4e0bb4ff6ced0126f0bb/iata-annual-review- 2024.pdf
  • IATA,(2019).https://www.iata.org/contentassets/19f9168ecf584fc7b4af8d6d1e35c769/pilot-aptitude-testing- guide.pdf. Pilot Aptitude Testing.
  • Koglbauer, I., Riesel, M., and Braunstingl, R. (2016). Positive Effects of Combined Aircraft and Simulator Training on The Acquisition of Visual Flight Skills. Cognitie, Creier, Comportament/Cognition, Brain, Behavior, 20(5).
  • Reweti, S., Gilbey, A., and Lynn, J. (2017). Efficacy of low-cost PC-based aviation training devices. Journal of Information Technology Education. Research, 16, 127.
  • Liu, S., Zhang, Y., and Chen, J. (2018). A System for Evaluating Pilot Performance Based on Flight Data. In D. Harris (Ed.), Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics (C. 10906, pp. 605-614). Springer International Publishing.
  • Lone, M. M., and Cooke, A. K. (2010). Development of a pilot model suitable for the simulation of large aircraft. https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/12073
  • Macchiarella, N. D., Arban, P. K., and Doherty, S. M. (2006). Transfer of training from flight training devices to flight for ab-initio pilots. International Journal of Applied Aviation Studies, 6(2), 299.
  • Marques, E., Carim, G., Campbell, C., and Lohmann, G. (2023). Ab Initio Flight Training: A Systematic Literature Review. The International Journal of Aerospace Psychology, 33(2), 99-119.
  • Maurino, D. E., Reason, J., Johnston, N., and Lee, R. B. (2017). Beyond aviation human factors: Safety in high technology systems. Routledge.
  • McLean, G. M. T., Lambeth, S., and Mavin, T. (2016). The Use of Simulation in Ab Initio Pilot Training. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 26(1-2), 36-45.
  • McRuer, D. T. (1974). Mathematical models of human pilot behavior.AGARDograph,188. https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1570854174113299584
  • MFSX.(2024). Microsoft Flight Simulator. https://www.flightsimulator.com/
  • Muehlethaler, C. M., and Knecht, C. P. (2016). Situation awareness training for general aviation pilots using eye tracking. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 49(19), 66-71.
  • NTSB.(2012).https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/accidentreports/reports/aar1401.pdf
  • Oh, C.-G. (2020). Pros and Cons of A VR-based Flight Training Simulator; Empirical Evaluations by Student and Instructor Pilots. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 64(1), 193-197.
  • Oliver, N. (2017). The Tragic Crash of Flight AF447 Shows the Unlikely but Catastrophic Consequences of Automation. https://hbr.org/2017/09/the-tragic-crash-of-flight-af447-shows-the-unlikely-but-catastrophic- consequences-of-automation
  • Oliver Wyman. (2021). https://www.oliverwyman.com/our-expertise/insights/2021/mar/after-covid-19- aviation-faces-a-pilot-shortage.html
  • Pennington, E., Hafer, R., Nistler, E., Seech, T., and Tossell, C. (2019). Integration of advanced technology in initial flight training. 2019 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS), 1-5. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8735628/
  • Prepar3D. (2024). https://www.prepar3d.com/
  • Pyburn, K. M., Ployhart, R. E., and Kravitz, D. A. (2008). The Diversity–Validity Dilemma: Overview and Legal Context. Personnel Psychology, 61(1), 143-151.
  • Schaffernak, H., Moesl, B., Vorraber, W., and Koglbauer, I. V. (2020). Potential augmented reality application areas for pilot education: An exploratory study. Education Sciences, 10(4), 86.
  • Schreiber, B. T., Bennett, W., Colegrove, C., Portrey, A. M., Greschke, D. A., and Bell, H. H. (2009). Evaluating pilot performance. Development of professional expertise, 247-270.
  • Smode, A. F. (1966). An Assessment of Research Relevant to Pilot Training. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED018748
  • Socha, V., Socha, L., Szabo, S., Hána, K., Gazda, J., Kimlickova, M., Vajdová, I., Madoran, A., Hanakova, L., and Nemec, V. (2016). Training of pilots using flight simulator and its impact on piloting precision. Transport Means. Juodkrante: Kansas University of Technology, 374-379.
  • Tanasković, M. (2020). The Role of Flight Simulation in Flight Training of Pilots for Crisis Management. Sinteza 2020-International Scientific Conference on Information Technology and Data Related Research, 214-221. https://portal.sinteza.singidunum.ac.rs/paper/749
  • Taylor, J. L., Kennedy, Q., Noda, A., and Yesavage, J. A. (2007). Pilot age and expertise predict flight simulator performance: A 3-year longitudinal study. Neurology, 68(9), 648-654.
  • Truxillo, D. M., Bodner, T. E., Bertolino, M., Bauer, T. N.,and Yonce, C. A. (2009). Effects of Explanations on Applicant Reactions: A meta‐analytic review. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 17(4), 346-361.
  • Tydeman, R. (2004). The Use of Full Flight Simulators for Accident Investigation. Proceedings of the 35th Annual International Seminar, 1-9. https://asasi.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Tydeman_Flight- Simulators_ISASI04.pdf
  • Vidakovic, J., Lazarevic, M., Kvrgic, V., Vasovic Maksimovic, I., and Rakic, A. (2021). Flight Simulation Training Devices: Application, Classification, and Research. International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences, 22(4), 874-885.
  • Wise, J. A., Hopkin, V. D., and Garland, D. J. (2016). Handbook of aviation human factors. CRC press.
  • X-Plane. (2024). https://www.x-plane.com/
Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 137 - 145, 26.02.2025
https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.1588557

Abstract

Project Number

3230233

References

  • Allerton, D. J. (2010). The impact of flight simulation in aerospace. The Aeronautical Journal, 114(1162), 747-756.
  • Aragon, C. R., & Hearst, M. A. (2005). Improving aviation safety with information visualization: A flight simulation study. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 441-450.
  • Baarspul, M. (1990). A review of flight simulation techniques. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 27(1), 1-120.
  • Baa Training. (2024) https://baatraining.com/blog/evolution-of-full-flight-simulators/
  • Beckman, W. (2003). An evaluation of the perceived effect of personal computer aviation training devices for instrument flight training. Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research, 12(3), 1.
  • Boeing.(2024).https://www.boeing.com/content/theboeingcompany/us/en/commercial/market/pilot- technician-outlook
  • Boril, J., Leuchter, J., Smrz, V., and Blasch, E. (2015). Aviation simulation training in the Czech air force. 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC),9A2-1. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7311484/
  • Broach, D., Schroeder, D., and Gildea, K. (2019). Best practices in pilot selection. United States. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/57077
  • Burki-Cohen, J. S., Go, T. H., & Longridge, T. (2001). Flight Simulator Fidelity Considerations for Total Airline Pilot Training and Evaluation. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/9478
  • Chung, W. (2000). A review of approaches to determine the effectiveness of ground-based flight simulation. Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference, Denver,CO,U.S.A.
  • Croft, J. (2015). As airline pilot shortage looms, industry examines its options. Aviation Week & Space Technology, 177(5), 1-1.
  • Damos, D. L. (2014). Editor’s Preface to the Special Issue on Pilot Selection. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 24(1), 1-5.
  • Dubois, E., Blättler, C., Camachon, C., and Hurter, C. (2015). Eye Movements Data Processing for Ab Initio Military Pilot Training. R. Neves-Silva, L. C. Jain, & R. J. Howlett (Ed.), Intelligent Decision Technologies (C. 39, pp. 125-135). Springer International Publishing.
  • EASA. (2018). https://www.easa.europa.eu/en/document-library/certification-specifications/group/cs-fstda- aeroplane-flight-simulation-training-devices
  • EASA. (2024). https://www.easa.europa.eu/en/document-library/general-publications/annual-safety-review- 2024
  • Final Report (2014), Accident to Airbus A330-203 registered F-GZCP, Air France AF 447 Rio de Janeiro – Paris, https://aaiu.ie/foreign_reports_fr/final-report-accident-to-airbus-a330-203-registered-f-gzcp-air-france- af-447-rio-de-janeiro-paris-1st-june-2009/
  • Foyle, D. C., and Hooe, B. L. (2010). Human Performance Modeling in Aviation. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.1201/9781420062984/human-performance-modeling-aviation- david-foyle-becky-hooey
  • Goetz, S., Harrison, B., and Robertson, M. (2012). Use of simulation in visual flight training: The effect on time to solo. The Collegiate Aviation Review International, 30(2).https://ojs.library.okstate.edu/osu/index.php/CARI/article/view/7482
  • Haslbeck, A., Kirchner, P., Schubert, E., and Bengler, K. (2014). A Flight Simulator Study to Evaluate Manual Flying Skills of Airline Pilots. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 58(1), 11-15.
  • Hess, R. A., and Marchesi, F. (2009). Analytical Assessment of Flight Simulator Fidelity Using Pilot Models. Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 32(3), 760-770.
  • IATA.(2024).https://www.iata.org/contentassets/c81222d96c9a4e0bb4ff6ced0126f0bb/iata-annual-review- 2024.pdf
  • IATA,(2019).https://www.iata.org/contentassets/19f9168ecf584fc7b4af8d6d1e35c769/pilot-aptitude-testing- guide.pdf. Pilot Aptitude Testing.
  • Koglbauer, I., Riesel, M., and Braunstingl, R. (2016). Positive Effects of Combined Aircraft and Simulator Training on The Acquisition of Visual Flight Skills. Cognitie, Creier, Comportament/Cognition, Brain, Behavior, 20(5).
  • Reweti, S., Gilbey, A., and Lynn, J. (2017). Efficacy of low-cost PC-based aviation training devices. Journal of Information Technology Education. Research, 16, 127.
  • Liu, S., Zhang, Y., and Chen, J. (2018). A System for Evaluating Pilot Performance Based on Flight Data. In D. Harris (Ed.), Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics (C. 10906, pp. 605-614). Springer International Publishing.
  • Lone, M. M., and Cooke, A. K. (2010). Development of a pilot model suitable for the simulation of large aircraft. https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/12073
  • Macchiarella, N. D., Arban, P. K., and Doherty, S. M. (2006). Transfer of training from flight training devices to flight for ab-initio pilots. International Journal of Applied Aviation Studies, 6(2), 299.
  • Marques, E., Carim, G., Campbell, C., and Lohmann, G. (2023). Ab Initio Flight Training: A Systematic Literature Review. The International Journal of Aerospace Psychology, 33(2), 99-119.
  • Maurino, D. E., Reason, J., Johnston, N., and Lee, R. B. (2017). Beyond aviation human factors: Safety in high technology systems. Routledge.
  • McLean, G. M. T., Lambeth, S., and Mavin, T. (2016). The Use of Simulation in Ab Initio Pilot Training. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 26(1-2), 36-45.
  • McRuer, D. T. (1974). Mathematical models of human pilot behavior.AGARDograph,188. https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1570854174113299584
  • MFSX.(2024). Microsoft Flight Simulator. https://www.flightsimulator.com/
  • Muehlethaler, C. M., and Knecht, C. P. (2016). Situation awareness training for general aviation pilots using eye tracking. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 49(19), 66-71.
  • NTSB.(2012).https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/accidentreports/reports/aar1401.pdf
  • Oh, C.-G. (2020). Pros and Cons of A VR-based Flight Training Simulator; Empirical Evaluations by Student and Instructor Pilots. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 64(1), 193-197.
  • Oliver, N. (2017). The Tragic Crash of Flight AF447 Shows the Unlikely but Catastrophic Consequences of Automation. https://hbr.org/2017/09/the-tragic-crash-of-flight-af447-shows-the-unlikely-but-catastrophic- consequences-of-automation
  • Oliver Wyman. (2021). https://www.oliverwyman.com/our-expertise/insights/2021/mar/after-covid-19- aviation-faces-a-pilot-shortage.html
  • Pennington, E., Hafer, R., Nistler, E., Seech, T., and Tossell, C. (2019). Integration of advanced technology in initial flight training. 2019 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS), 1-5. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8735628/
  • Prepar3D. (2024). https://www.prepar3d.com/
  • Pyburn, K. M., Ployhart, R. E., and Kravitz, D. A. (2008). The Diversity–Validity Dilemma: Overview and Legal Context. Personnel Psychology, 61(1), 143-151.
  • Schaffernak, H., Moesl, B., Vorraber, W., and Koglbauer, I. V. (2020). Potential augmented reality application areas for pilot education: An exploratory study. Education Sciences, 10(4), 86.
  • Schreiber, B. T., Bennett, W., Colegrove, C., Portrey, A. M., Greschke, D. A., and Bell, H. H. (2009). Evaluating pilot performance. Development of professional expertise, 247-270.
  • Smode, A. F. (1966). An Assessment of Research Relevant to Pilot Training. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED018748
  • Socha, V., Socha, L., Szabo, S., Hána, K., Gazda, J., Kimlickova, M., Vajdová, I., Madoran, A., Hanakova, L., and Nemec, V. (2016). Training of pilots using flight simulator and its impact on piloting precision. Transport Means. Juodkrante: Kansas University of Technology, 374-379.
  • Tanasković, M. (2020). The Role of Flight Simulation in Flight Training of Pilots for Crisis Management. Sinteza 2020-International Scientific Conference on Information Technology and Data Related Research, 214-221. https://portal.sinteza.singidunum.ac.rs/paper/749
  • Taylor, J. L., Kennedy, Q., Noda, A., and Yesavage, J. A. (2007). Pilot age and expertise predict flight simulator performance: A 3-year longitudinal study. Neurology, 68(9), 648-654.
  • Truxillo, D. M., Bodner, T. E., Bertolino, M., Bauer, T. N.,and Yonce, C. A. (2009). Effects of Explanations on Applicant Reactions: A meta‐analytic review. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 17(4), 346-361.
  • Tydeman, R. (2004). The Use of Full Flight Simulators for Accident Investigation. Proceedings of the 35th Annual International Seminar, 1-9. https://asasi.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Tydeman_Flight- Simulators_ISASI04.pdf
  • Vidakovic, J., Lazarevic, M., Kvrgic, V., Vasovic Maksimovic, I., and Rakic, A. (2021). Flight Simulation Training Devices: Application, Classification, and Research. International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences, 22(4), 874-885.
  • Wise, J. A., Hopkin, V. D., and Garland, D. J. (2016). Handbook of aviation human factors. CRC press.
  • X-Plane. (2024). https://www.x-plane.com/
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Air-Space Transportation
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Tamer Savaş 0000-0003-2136-2003

Uğur Özdemir 0000-0001-7969-7717

Yunus Emre Esen 0000-0001-8319-5605

Project Number 3230233
Early Pub Date February 24, 2025
Publication Date February 26, 2025
Submission Date November 21, 2024
Acceptance Date January 9, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Savaş, T., Özdemir, U., & Esen, Y. E. (2025). The Role of Flight Simulators in Pilot Training. Journal of Aviation, 9(1), 137-145. https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.1588557

Journal of Aviation - JAV 


www.javsci.com - editor@javsci.com


9210This journal is licenced under a Creative Commons Attiribution-NonCommerical 4.0 İnternational Licence