Research Article
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Assessment of lead and mercury levels in maternal blood, fetal cord blood and placenta in pregnancy with intrauterine growth restriction

Year 2022, , 199 - 205, 27.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.1008609

Abstract

Introduction: Many studies reported that prenatal exposure to lead and mercury are correlated with reduced birth weight and size, and these metals can cause adverse effects on neurodevelopment. In this study, it was aimed to investigate and compare the lead and mercury levels in maternal blood, cord blood, and placenta in pregnant women with IUGR fetuses diagnosed using abnormal Doppler findings and pregnant women with healthy fetuses.
Material: This study included 75 patients, comprising 41 in IUGR group and 34 in control group. Maternal venous blood, fetal cord blood and placental samples were taken during delivery period.
Results: Mercury levels in maternal blood and fetal cord blood, and lead levels in the placenta were found to be significantly higher in the IUGR group than in healthy subjects. Correlation analysis revealed that measurement values of body weight, body height, and head circumference of fetus might be lower when mercury level was measured higher in maternal blood and fetal cord blood. Furthermore, fetal body weight and fetal body height also would be lower when lead level measured in placenta was higher. Logistic Regression analysis results revealed that mercury levels measured in fetal cord blood could be used as the best marker in predicting low fetal weight, low fetal body height, and low fetal head circumference.
Conclusion: In conclusion, it was thought with this study results that in order to identify the etiology and to give therapeutic prenatal care of the IUGR in a fetus diagnosed as idiopathic IUGR it would be appropriate to measure the level of lead and especially mercury in the fetal cord blood during the prenatal follow-up period.

Supporting Institution

Ankara University Scientific Research Projects

Project Number

14L0230010

Thanks

The authors would also like to acknowledge Dilek Kaya-Akyüzlü Ph.D, Ph.D and Fezile Özdemir, M.sci for their contributions to the sample preparation process in the Forensic Toxicology Laboratory of the Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara University

References

  • Referans1. Figueras F, Gratacós E. Update on the diagnosis and classification of fetal growth restriction and proposal of a stage-based management protocol. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2014; 36(2): 86-98.
  • Referans2. Nardozza LM, Caetano AC, Zamarian AC,et al. Fetal growth restriction: current knowledge. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2017; 295(5): 1061-77.
  • Referans3. Unterscheider J, Daly S, Geary MP, et al. Optimizing the definition of intrauterine growth restriction: the multicenter prospective PORTO Study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013; 208(4): 290.e1-6.
  • Referans4. Barker DJ. The origins of the developmental origins theory. J Intern Med. 2007; 261(5): 412-17.
  • Referans5. Sharma D, Sharma P, Shastri S. Genetic, metabolic and endocrine aspect of intrauterine growth restriction: an update. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017; 30(19): 2263-75.
  • Referans6. ACOG Practice bulletin no.134:fetal growth restriction. Obstet Gynecol.2013 ;121(5):1122-1133. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000429658.85846.f9.
  • Referans7. Butler Walker J, Houseman J, Seddon L, et al. Maternal and umbilical cord blood levels of mercury, lead, cadmium, and essential trace elements in Arctic Canada. Environ Res. 2006; 100(3): 295-318.
  • Referans8. Hu X, Zheng T, Cheng Y, et al. Distributions of heavy metals in maternal and cord blood and the association with infant birth weight in China. J Reprod Med. 2015; 60(1-2): 21-9.
  • Referans9. Silbergeld EK, Patrick TE. Environmental exposures, toxicologic mechanisms, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005; 192(5 Suppl): S11-21.
  • Referans10. Al-Saleh I, Shinwari N, Mashhour A, et al. Heavy metals (lead, cadmium and mercury) in maternal, cord blood and placenta of healthy women. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2011; 214(2): 79-101.
  • Referans11. Sabra S, Malmqvist E, Saborit A,et al. Heavy metals exposure levels and their correlation with different clinical forms of fetal growth restriction. PLoS One. 2017; 12(10): e0185645.
  • Referans12. Windham G, Fenster L. Environmental contaminants and pregnancy outcomes. Fertil Steril. 2008; 89(2 Suppl): e111-e117.
  • Referans13. Vejrup K, Brantsæter AL, Knutsen HK, et al. Prenatal mercury exposure and infant birth weight in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Public Health Nutr. 2014; 17(9): 2071-80.
  • Referans14. Gordijn SJ, Beune IM, Thilaganathan B, et al. Consensus definition of fetal growth restriction: a Delphi procedure. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2016;48(3):333-9.
  • Referans15. Yuksel B, Kayaalti Z, Kaya-Akyuzlu D, et al. Assessment of Lead Levels in Maternal Blood Samples by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Influence of Maternal Blood Lead on Newborns. Atom Spectrosc. 2016; 37:114-19.
  • Referans16. Jedrychowski W, Perera F, Jankowski J, et al. Gender specific differences in neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal exposure to very low-lead levels: the prospective cohort study in three-year olds. Early Hum Dev. 2009; 85(8) 503-10.
  • Referans17. Yücel Çelik Ö, Akdas S, Yucel A, et al. Maternal and Placental Zinc and Copper Status in Intra-Uterine Growth Restriction. Fetal Pediatr Pathol. 2020;12:1-10. doi: 10.1080/15513815.2020.1857484.
  • Referans18. Kucukaydin Z, Kurdoglu M, Kurdoglu Z,. Selected maternal, fetal and placental trace element and heavy metal and maternal vitamin levels in preterm deliveries with or without preterm premature rupture of membranes. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2018 ;44(5):880-9.
  • Referans19. Punshon T, Li Z, Jackson BP, Parks WT, et al. Placental metal concentrations in relation to placental growth, efficiency and birth weight. Environ Int. 2019;126:533-42.
  • Referans20. Llanos MN, Ronco AM. Fetal growth restriction is related to placental levels of cadmium, lead and arsenic but not with antioxidant activities. Reprod Toxicol. 2009; 27(1): 88-92.
  • Referans21. Gundacker C, Hengstschläger M. The role of the placenta in fetal exposure to heavy metals. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2012; 162(9-10): 201-6.
  • Referans22. Can Ibanoglu M, Yasar Sanhal C, Ozgu-Erdinc S, et al. Maternal plasma fetuin-A levels in fetal growth restriction: A case-control study. Int J Reprod Biomed. 2019;17(7):487-92.
  • Referans23. Arbuckle TE, Liang CL, Morisset AS, et al. Maternal and fetal exposure to cadmium, lead, manganese and mercury: The MIREC study. Chemosphere. 2016; 163: 270-82.
  • Referans24. Kopp RS, Kumbartski M, Harth V, et al. Partition of metals in the maternal/fetal unit and lead-associated decreases of fetal iron and manganese: an observational biomonitoring approach. Arch Toxicol. 2012; 86(10): 1571-81.
  • Referans25. Lee BE, Hong YC, Park H. Interaction between GSTM1/GSTT1 polymorphism and blood mercury on birth weight. Environ Health Perspect.2020 ;118:437-43.
  • Referans26. Kaya-Akyüzlü D, Kayaaltı Z, Söylemez E, et al. Does maternal VDR FokI single nucleotide polymorphism have an effect on lead levels of placenta, maternal and cord bloods? Placenta .2015;36: 870-5.
Year 2022, , 199 - 205, 27.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.1008609

Abstract

Project Number

14L0230010

References

  • Referans1. Figueras F, Gratacós E. Update on the diagnosis and classification of fetal growth restriction and proposal of a stage-based management protocol. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2014; 36(2): 86-98.
  • Referans2. Nardozza LM, Caetano AC, Zamarian AC,et al. Fetal growth restriction: current knowledge. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2017; 295(5): 1061-77.
  • Referans3. Unterscheider J, Daly S, Geary MP, et al. Optimizing the definition of intrauterine growth restriction: the multicenter prospective PORTO Study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013; 208(4): 290.e1-6.
  • Referans4. Barker DJ. The origins of the developmental origins theory. J Intern Med. 2007; 261(5): 412-17.
  • Referans5. Sharma D, Sharma P, Shastri S. Genetic, metabolic and endocrine aspect of intrauterine growth restriction: an update. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017; 30(19): 2263-75.
  • Referans6. ACOG Practice bulletin no.134:fetal growth restriction. Obstet Gynecol.2013 ;121(5):1122-1133. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000429658.85846.f9.
  • Referans7. Butler Walker J, Houseman J, Seddon L, et al. Maternal and umbilical cord blood levels of mercury, lead, cadmium, and essential trace elements in Arctic Canada. Environ Res. 2006; 100(3): 295-318.
  • Referans8. Hu X, Zheng T, Cheng Y, et al. Distributions of heavy metals in maternal and cord blood and the association with infant birth weight in China. J Reprod Med. 2015; 60(1-2): 21-9.
  • Referans9. Silbergeld EK, Patrick TE. Environmental exposures, toxicologic mechanisms, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005; 192(5 Suppl): S11-21.
  • Referans10. Al-Saleh I, Shinwari N, Mashhour A, et al. Heavy metals (lead, cadmium and mercury) in maternal, cord blood and placenta of healthy women. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2011; 214(2): 79-101.
  • Referans11. Sabra S, Malmqvist E, Saborit A,et al. Heavy metals exposure levels and their correlation with different clinical forms of fetal growth restriction. PLoS One. 2017; 12(10): e0185645.
  • Referans12. Windham G, Fenster L. Environmental contaminants and pregnancy outcomes. Fertil Steril. 2008; 89(2 Suppl): e111-e117.
  • Referans13. Vejrup K, Brantsæter AL, Knutsen HK, et al. Prenatal mercury exposure and infant birth weight in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Public Health Nutr. 2014; 17(9): 2071-80.
  • Referans14. Gordijn SJ, Beune IM, Thilaganathan B, et al. Consensus definition of fetal growth restriction: a Delphi procedure. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2016;48(3):333-9.
  • Referans15. Yuksel B, Kayaalti Z, Kaya-Akyuzlu D, et al. Assessment of Lead Levels in Maternal Blood Samples by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Influence of Maternal Blood Lead on Newborns. Atom Spectrosc. 2016; 37:114-19.
  • Referans16. Jedrychowski W, Perera F, Jankowski J, et al. Gender specific differences in neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal exposure to very low-lead levels: the prospective cohort study in three-year olds. Early Hum Dev. 2009; 85(8) 503-10.
  • Referans17. Yücel Çelik Ö, Akdas S, Yucel A, et al. Maternal and Placental Zinc and Copper Status in Intra-Uterine Growth Restriction. Fetal Pediatr Pathol. 2020;12:1-10. doi: 10.1080/15513815.2020.1857484.
  • Referans18. Kucukaydin Z, Kurdoglu M, Kurdoglu Z,. Selected maternal, fetal and placental trace element and heavy metal and maternal vitamin levels in preterm deliveries with or without preterm premature rupture of membranes. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2018 ;44(5):880-9.
  • Referans19. Punshon T, Li Z, Jackson BP, Parks WT, et al. Placental metal concentrations in relation to placental growth, efficiency and birth weight. Environ Int. 2019;126:533-42.
  • Referans20. Llanos MN, Ronco AM. Fetal growth restriction is related to placental levels of cadmium, lead and arsenic but not with antioxidant activities. Reprod Toxicol. 2009; 27(1): 88-92.
  • Referans21. Gundacker C, Hengstschläger M. The role of the placenta in fetal exposure to heavy metals. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2012; 162(9-10): 201-6.
  • Referans22. Can Ibanoglu M, Yasar Sanhal C, Ozgu-Erdinc S, et al. Maternal plasma fetuin-A levels in fetal growth restriction: A case-control study. Int J Reprod Biomed. 2019;17(7):487-92.
  • Referans23. Arbuckle TE, Liang CL, Morisset AS, et al. Maternal and fetal exposure to cadmium, lead, manganese and mercury: The MIREC study. Chemosphere. 2016; 163: 270-82.
  • Referans24. Kopp RS, Kumbartski M, Harth V, et al. Partition of metals in the maternal/fetal unit and lead-associated decreases of fetal iron and manganese: an observational biomonitoring approach. Arch Toxicol. 2012; 86(10): 1571-81.
  • Referans25. Lee BE, Hong YC, Park H. Interaction between GSTM1/GSTT1 polymorphism and blood mercury on birth weight. Environ Health Perspect.2020 ;118:437-43.
  • Referans26. Kaya-Akyüzlü D, Kayaaltı Z, Söylemez E, et al. Does maternal VDR FokI single nucleotide polymorphism have an effect on lead levels of placenta, maternal and cord bloods? Placenta .2015;36: 870-5.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Dilek Yüksel 0000-0002-2366-8412

Bayram Yuksel 0000-0001-7686-8648

Erkan Kalafat This is me 0000-0003-0658-138X

Tuncay Yüce 0000-0002-7085-5878

Doruk Cevdi Katlan This is me 0000-0003-4484-0549

Acar Koç 0000-0003-2482-7478

Project Number 14L0230010
Publication Date January 27, 2022
Submission Date October 26, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Yüksel, D., Yuksel, B., Kalafat, E., Yüce, T., et al. (2022). Assessment of lead and mercury levels in maternal blood, fetal cord blood and placenta in pregnancy with intrauterine growth restriction. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences, 6(1), 199-205. https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.1008609
AMA Yüksel D, Yuksel B, Kalafat E, Yüce T, Katlan DC, Koç A. Assessment of lead and mercury levels in maternal blood, fetal cord blood and placenta in pregnancy with intrauterine growth restriction. JBACHS. January 2022;6(1):199-205. doi:10.30621/jbachs.1008609
Chicago Yüksel, Dilek, Bayram Yuksel, Erkan Kalafat, Tuncay Yüce, Doruk Cevdi Katlan, and Acar Koç. “Assessment of Lead and Mercury Levels in Maternal Blood, Fetal Cord Blood and Placenta in Pregnancy With Intrauterine Growth Restriction”. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences 6, no. 1 (January 2022): 199-205. https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.1008609.
EndNote Yüksel D, Yuksel B, Kalafat E, Yüce T, Katlan DC, Koç A (January 1, 2022) Assessment of lead and mercury levels in maternal blood, fetal cord blood and placenta in pregnancy with intrauterine growth restriction. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences 6 1 199–205.
IEEE D. Yüksel, B. Yuksel, E. Kalafat, T. Yüce, D. C. Katlan, and A. Koç, “Assessment of lead and mercury levels in maternal blood, fetal cord blood and placenta in pregnancy with intrauterine growth restriction”, JBACHS, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 199–205, 2022, doi: 10.30621/jbachs.1008609.
ISNAD Yüksel, Dilek et al. “Assessment of Lead and Mercury Levels in Maternal Blood, Fetal Cord Blood and Placenta in Pregnancy With Intrauterine Growth Restriction”. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences 6/1 (January 2022), 199-205. https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.1008609.
JAMA Yüksel D, Yuksel B, Kalafat E, Yüce T, Katlan DC, Koç A. Assessment of lead and mercury levels in maternal blood, fetal cord blood and placenta in pregnancy with intrauterine growth restriction. JBACHS. 2022;6:199–205.
MLA Yüksel, Dilek et al. “Assessment of Lead and Mercury Levels in Maternal Blood, Fetal Cord Blood and Placenta in Pregnancy With Intrauterine Growth Restriction”. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences, vol. 6, no. 1, 2022, pp. 199-05, doi:10.30621/jbachs.1008609.
Vancouver Yüksel D, Yuksel B, Kalafat E, Yüce T, Katlan DC, Koç A. Assessment of lead and mercury levels in maternal blood, fetal cord blood and placenta in pregnancy with intrauterine growth restriction. JBACHS. 2022;6(1):199-205.

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