Biopsychosocial Analysis of Imagery in Elite Athletes
Year 2024,
, 85 - 92, 31.01.2024
Murat Emirzeoğlu
,
Arzu Erden
,
Nurhayat Korkmaz
,
Şaziye Yıldırım Dündar
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between elite athletes' imagery abilities and their body awareness, plank stance duration, psychological and social skills.
Material and Methods: The study included 53 healthy elite athletes (female:32, male:21). The imagery abilities of the athletes were evaluated using the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3. A Body Awareness Questionnaire was used for body awareness assessment. Plank stance duration, psychological and social skill levels were evaluated using Sport Specific Core Muscle Strength and Stability Plank Test, Athletic Psychological Skills Inventory and Social Skills Inventory, respectively.
Results: External and kinesthetic imagery was found to correlate with body awareness (r=0.33, p=0.02; r=0.39, p<0.01). There was a relationship between these imagery abilities and the prediction of body responses (r=0.31, p=0.03; r=0.38, p<0.01) and sleep-wake cycle (r=0.38, p<0.01; r=0.37, p<0.01) sub-dimensions of body awareness. Kinesthetic imagery also was associated with changes in paying attention to changes and reactions in the body process (r=0.30, p=0.03) sub-dimension. There was no relationship between imagery and other parameters (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The external and kinesthetic imagery ability of elite athletes is related to the body awareness level. It should be considered in terms of holistic approach in the performance and rehabilitation processes of the athletes.
Thanks
The authors sincerely thank the athletes who participated in the study.
References
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- Dilek B, Ayhan Ç. Yakut Y. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the movement imagery questionnaire-3: Its cultural adaptation and psychometric properties. Neurol Sci Neurophysiol 2020;37(4):221-227.
- Shields SA, Mallory ME, Simon A. The Body Awareness Questionnaire: reliability and validity. J Pers Assess 1989;53(4):802-815
- Karaca S, Bayar B. Turkish Version of Body Awareness Questionnaire: validity and reliability study. Turk J Physiother Rehabil 2021;32(1):44-50.
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- Tong TK, Wu S, Nie J. Sport-specific endurance plank test for evaluation of global core muscle function. Phys Ther Sport 2014;15(1):58-63.
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- Apelian C, De Vignemont F, Terhune DB. Comparative effects of hypnotic suggestion and imagery instruction on bodily awareness. Conscious Cogn 2023;108:103473.
- Erden A, Emirzeoğlu M. Investigation of Body Awareness Level and Performance Emotional Status of Athletes in Different Branches of Sports. J Sport Rehabil 2020;29(1):23-27.
- Dana A, Gozalzadeh E. Internal and external ımagery effects on tennis skills among novices. Percept Mot Skills 2017;124(5):1022-1043.
- Yu QH, Fu ASN, Kho A, Li J, Sun XH, Chan CCH. Imagery perspective among young athletes: Differentiation between external and internal visual imagery. J Sport Health Sci. 2016;5(2):211-218.
Iacono AD, Ashcroft K, Zubac D. Ain't just imagination! Effects of motor imagery training on strength and power performance of athletes during detraining. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021;53(11):2324-2332.
- Dhouibi MA, Miladi I, Racil G, Hammoudi S, Coquart J. The effects of sporting and physical practice on visual and kinesthetic motor imagery vividness: a comparative study between athletic, physically active, and exempted adolescents. Front Psychol 2021;12:776833.
- Covassin T, Beidler E, Ostrowski J, Wallace J. Psychosocial aspects of rehabilitation in sports. Clin Sports Med 2015;34(2):199-212.
- Slimani M, Bragazzi NL, Znazen H, Paravlic A, Azaiez F, Tod D. Psychosocial predictors and psychological prevention of soccer injuries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Phys Ther Sport. 2018;32:293-300.
- Budnik-Przybylska D, Huzarska I, Karasiewicz K. Does imagery ability matter for the relationship between temperament and self-confidence in team and individual sport disciplines? Front Psychol 2022;13:893457.
- Velikova S, Sjaaheim H, Nordtug B. Can the psycho-emotional state be optimized by regular use of positive imagery? Psychological and electroencephalographic study of self-guided Training. Front Hum Neurosci 2017;10:664.
- Guarnera M, Buccheri SL, Castellano S, Di Corrado D, Di Nuovo S. Social anxiety and mental imagery processes. Clin Neuropsychiatry. 2019;16(4):173-181.
Biopsychosocial Analysis of Imagery in Elite Athletes
Year 2024,
, 85 - 92, 31.01.2024
Murat Emirzeoğlu
,
Arzu Erden
,
Nurhayat Korkmaz
,
Şaziye Yıldırım Dündar
References
- Hétu S, Grégoire M, Saimpont A, Coll MP, Eugène F, Michon PE, Jackson PL. The neural network of motor imagery: An ALE meta‐analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013;37(5):930–49.
- MacIntyre TE, Madan CR, Moran AP, Collet C, Guillot A. Motor imagery, performance and motor rehabilitation. Prog Brain Res 2018;240:141-159.
- Abbruzzese G, Avanzino L, Marchese R, Pelosin E. Action observation and motor imagery: Innovative cognitive tools in the rehabilitation of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsons Dis 2015;2015:1–9.
- Taube W, Mouthon M, Leukel C, Hoogewoud HM, Annoni JM, Keller M. Brain activity during observation and motor imagery of different balance tasks: an fMRI study. Cortex 2015; 64:102-14.
- Slimani M, Tod D, Chaabene H, Miarka B, Chamari K. Effects of mental imagery on muscular strength in healthy and patient participants: a systematic review. J Sports Sci Med 2016;15(3):434-450.
- Scott M, Taylor S, Chesterton P, Vogt S, Eaves DL. Motor imagery during action observation increases eccentric hamstring force: an acute non-physical intervention. Disabil Rehabil 2018;40(12):1443-1451.
- Rodriguez RM, Marroquin A, Cosby N. Reducing fear of reinjury and pain perception in athletes with first-time anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions by implementing imagery training. J Sport Rehabil 2019;28(4):385-389.
- Dylan RM, Charalambos P, Aymeric G, Florent L. Motor imagery and action observation following immobilization-induced hypoactivity: a narrative review. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2021; 20:101541
- Dello Iacono A, Ashcroft K, Zubac D. Ain't Just Imagination! Effects of Motor Imagery Training on Strength and Power Performance of Athletes during Detraining. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021;53(11):2324-2332.
- Zapała D, Zabielska-Mendyk E, Cudo A, Jaśkiewicz M, Kwiatkowski M, Kwiatkowska A. The Role of Motor Imagery in Predicting Motor Skills in Young Male Soccer Players. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021;18(12):6316.
- Robin N, Carien R, Taktek K, Hatchi V, Dominique L. Effects of motor imagery training on service performance in novice tennis players: the role of imagery ability. Int J Sport Exerc Psychol 2007;2:177-188.
- Hordacre B, Hillier S, Serrada I. Recovery of body awareness after stroke: an observational study. Front Neurol 2021;12:745964.
Järvinen V, Karplund R (2012). The effects of an eight-week intervention on elderly people’s body awareness: an intervention study on home-living 69-79-year-old individuals. Bachelor Thesis, Lahti University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Social and Health Care Physiotherapy, Finlandiya.
- Williams SE, Cumming J, Ntoumanis N, Nordin-Bates SM, Ramsey R, Hall C. Further validation and development of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire. J Sport Exerc Psychol 2012;34, 621-646.
- Dilek B, Ayhan Ç. Yakut Y. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the movement imagery questionnaire-3: Its cultural adaptation and psychometric properties. Neurol Sci Neurophysiol 2020;37(4):221-227.
- Shields SA, Mallory ME, Simon A. The Body Awareness Questionnaire: reliability and validity. J Pers Assess 1989;53(4):802-815
- Karaca S, Bayar B. Turkish Version of Body Awareness Questionnaire: validity and reliability study. Turk J Physiother Rehabil 2021;32(1):44-50.
- Mackenzie B. Performance evaluation tests. USA: Peak Performance 2005;55-72.
- Tong TK, Wu S, Nie J. Sport-specific endurance plank test for evaluation of global core muscle function. Phys Ther Sport 2014;15(1):58-63.
- Smith, RE, Christensen DS. Psychological skills as predictors of performance and survival in professional baseball. J Sport Exerc Psychol 1995;17(4):399-415.
- Erhan, SE, Bedir D, Güler MŞ, Ağduman F. Sporcuların psikolojik becerilerini değerlendirme ölçeğinin Türkçe geçerlilik güvenirlik çalışması. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 2015;17(1):59-71.
- Riggio RE. Assessment of basic social skills. J Pers Soc Psychol 1986; 51: 649-660.
- Yüksel, G. Sosyal Beceri Envanterinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi 1998;2(9):39-48.
- Hayran M. Sağlık Araştırmaları İçin Temel İstatistik. Ankara: Omega Araştırma; 2011.
- Tinaz S, Kamel S, Aravala SS, et al. Neurofeedback-guided kinesthetic motor imagery training in Parkinson's disease: Randomized trial. Neuroimage Clin 2022;34:102980.
- Apelian C, De Vignemont F, Terhune DB. Comparative effects of hypnotic suggestion and imagery instruction on bodily awareness. Conscious Cogn 2023;108:103473.
- Erden A, Emirzeoğlu M. Investigation of Body Awareness Level and Performance Emotional Status of Athletes in Different Branches of Sports. J Sport Rehabil 2020;29(1):23-27.
- Dana A, Gozalzadeh E. Internal and external ımagery effects on tennis skills among novices. Percept Mot Skills 2017;124(5):1022-1043.
- Yu QH, Fu ASN, Kho A, Li J, Sun XH, Chan CCH. Imagery perspective among young athletes: Differentiation between external and internal visual imagery. J Sport Health Sci. 2016;5(2):211-218.
Iacono AD, Ashcroft K, Zubac D. Ain't just imagination! Effects of motor imagery training on strength and power performance of athletes during detraining. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021;53(11):2324-2332.
- Dhouibi MA, Miladi I, Racil G, Hammoudi S, Coquart J. The effects of sporting and physical practice on visual and kinesthetic motor imagery vividness: a comparative study between athletic, physically active, and exempted adolescents. Front Psychol 2021;12:776833.
- Covassin T, Beidler E, Ostrowski J, Wallace J. Psychosocial aspects of rehabilitation in sports. Clin Sports Med 2015;34(2):199-212.
- Slimani M, Bragazzi NL, Znazen H, Paravlic A, Azaiez F, Tod D. Psychosocial predictors and psychological prevention of soccer injuries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Phys Ther Sport. 2018;32:293-300.
- Budnik-Przybylska D, Huzarska I, Karasiewicz K. Does imagery ability matter for the relationship between temperament and self-confidence in team and individual sport disciplines? Front Psychol 2022;13:893457.
- Velikova S, Sjaaheim H, Nordtug B. Can the psycho-emotional state be optimized by regular use of positive imagery? Psychological and electroencephalographic study of self-guided Training. Front Hum Neurosci 2017;10:664.
- Guarnera M, Buccheri SL, Castellano S, Di Corrado D, Di Nuovo S. Social anxiety and mental imagery processes. Clin Neuropsychiatry. 2019;16(4):173-181.