Turkish Propolis Mitigates Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Cardiac Damage Caused by Doxorubicin in Rats

Abstract

Turkish Propolis Mitigates Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Cardiac Damage Caused by Doxorubicin in Rats

Abstract

Purpose: This study examined the effects of propolis extracted with ethanol (EPE) or olive oil (OPE) on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress in doxorubicin (DXR)-induced cardiac damage in rats. Materials and Methods: Six groups of Sprague‒Dawley rats were used in this research: Control, EPE, OPE, DXR, EPE+DXR, and OPE+DXR. The extracts were administered orally for two weeks (50 mg/kg/day), and DXR was injected 48 hours before sacrifice (15 mg/kg). Cardiac malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and catalase (CAT) activity were assayed spectrophotometrically, while cardiac glucose-regulated protein (GRP)-78, pro-caspase 12, and serum troponin I levels were determined via ELISA. Results: The DXR group presented elevated serum troponin I, indicating cardiac injury, increased MDA, decreased CAT activity, and reduced GSH, indicating oxidative stress, along with elevated GRP78 and decreased pro-caspase 12, indicating ER stress. Pretreatment with EPE or OPE significantly prevented DXR-induced increases in troponin I and MDA, as well as decreases in GSH, CAT activity, and pro-caspase 12, but did not significantly alter cardiac GRP78 levels. Compared with the EPE+DXR group, the OPE+DXR group presented higher levels of CAT activity (p<0.01). Conclusion: Pretreatment with EPE or OPE may provide protection against DXR-induced cardiotoxicity by suppressing both oxidative and ER stress.

Keywords

• Ethanol
• olive oil
• GRP78
• pro-caspase 12
• MDA
• cardiac injury
• propolis

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