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Fate of the face masks in the environment affect human and wildlife: tons of face masks are new source for the endocrine disrupting chemicals

Year 2022, , 689 - 693, 31.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.869552

Abstract

COVID-19 pandemic has become a major public health problem affecting the lives of billions of people worldwide including Africa. Since there is no effective vaccine or treatment, self-isolation and self-protection are the only options to stop the spread of the virus. Usage of the surgical and other face masks are must during COVID-19 pandemic and millions of used masks are accumulating as trash in the environment every day worldwide. Face masks are made of plastic materials mainly polypropylene which is categorized as endocrine disruptor affecting both humans and wildlife. Contamination of face masks to soil, oceans, sea and air may have increased the amount of microplastics concentration and these microplastics from the face masks may have various negative effects on the environment. Therefore, accurate elimination and collection of used face masks from the environment should be considered to protect our world.

Supporting Institution

Koç Üniversitesi-KUTTAM

Project Number

yok

Thanks

Acknowledgement The authors gratefully acknowledge use of the services and facilities of the Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), funded by the Presidency of Turkey, Presidency of Strategy and Budget. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Presidency of Strategy and Budget.

References

  • 1. Pascarella G, Strumia A, Piliego C, Bruno F, Del Buono R, Costa F, Scarlata S, Agrò FE. COVID-19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review. J Intern Med 2020;288:192-206. doi: 10.1111/joim.13091
  • 2. Aydemir D, Ulusu NN. Correspondence: Importance of the validated serum biochemistry and hemogram parameters for rapid diagnosis and to prevent false negative results during COVID-19 pandemic. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020;10.1002/bab.1936. doi: 10.1002/bab.1936
  • 3. Aydemir D, Ulusu NN. Influence of Lifestyle Parameters - Dietary Habit, Chronic Stress and Environmental Factors, Jobs - on the Human Health in Relation to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2020;14:e36-e37. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.222.
  • 4. Aydemir D, Oztascı B, Barlas N, Ulusu NN. Influence of the butylparaben administration on the liver, kidney and spleen. Turk J Biochem 2020;45:689–694 https://doi.org/10.1515/tjb-2020-0048 jbah ocak ayı
  • 5. Aydemir D, Ulusu NN. Is glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme deficiency a factor in Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) infections and deaths? Pathog Glob Health 2020;114:109-110. doi: 10.1080/20477724.2020.1751388.
  • 6. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public
  • 7. Pfizer, 2020. https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-and-biontech-announce-vaccine-candidate-against
  • 8. Slifka MK, Amanna I. How advances in immunology provide insight into improving vaccine efficacy. Vaccine 2014;32:2948-57. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.03.078.
  • 9. https://theconversation.com/millions-of-face-masks-are-being-thrown-away-during-covid-19-heres-how-to-choose-the-best-one-for-the-planet-147787
  • 10. Correia TG, Narcizo AM, Bianchini A, Moreira RG. Aluminum as an endocrine disruptor in female Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2010;151:461-6. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.02.002.
  • 11. Campanale C, Massarelli C, Savino I, Locaputo V, Uricchio VF. A Detailed Review Study on Potential Effects of Microplastics and Additives of Concern on Human Health. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17:1212. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17041212.
  • 12. Wardlaw C, Prosser RS, (2020). Investigation of microplastics in freshwater mussels (Lasmigona costata) from the grand river watershed in ontario, Canada. Water Air Soil Pollut 231, 405. doi: 10.1007/s11270-020-04741-5
  • 13. Teuten EL, Saquing JM, Knappe DR, Barlaz MA, Jonsson S, Björn A, Rowland SJ, Thompson RC, Galloway TS, Yamashita R, Ochi D, Watanuki Y, Moore C, Viet PH, Tana TS, Prudente M, Boonyatumanond R, Zakaria MP, Akkhavong K, Ogata Y, Hirai H, Iwasa S, Mizukawa K, Hagino Y, Imamura A, Saha M, Takada H. Transport and release of chemicals from plastics to the environment and to wildlife. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2009;364:2027-2045. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0284.
  • 14. Aydemir D, Karabulut G, Şimşek G, Gok M, Barlas N, Ulusu NN. Impact of the Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate Administration on Trace Element and Mineral Levels in Relation of Kidney and Liver Damage in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018;186:474-488. doi: 10.1007/s12011-018-1331-0.
  • 15. Aydemir D, Öztaşcı B, Barlas N, Ulusu NN. Effects of butylparaben on antioxidant enzyme activities and histopathological changes in rat tissues. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2019;70:315-324. doi: 10.2478/aiht-2019-70-3342.
  • 16. Aydemir D, Karabulut G, Gok M, Barlas N, Ulusu NN. Data the DEHP induced changes on the trace element and mineral levels in the brain and testis tissues of rats. Data Brief 2019;26:104526. doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104526.
  • 17. Aydemir D, Oztascı B, Barlas N, Ulusu NN. Influence of the butylparaben administration on the liver, kidney and spleen. Turk J Biochem 2020;45:689–694 https://doi.org/10.1515/tjb-2020-0048
  • 18. Benvenga S, Elia G, Ragusa F, Paparo SR, Sturniolo MM, Ferrari SM, Antonelli A, Fallahi P. Endocrine disruptors and thyroid autoimmunity. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020;34:101377. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2020.101377.
  • 19. Kida BM, Abdalla RP, Moreira RG. Effects of acidic water, aluminum, and manganese on testicular steroidogenesis in Astyanax altiparanae. Fish Physiol Biochem 2016;42:1347-56. doi: 10.1007/s10695-016-0222-6.
  • 20. Paschoalini AL, Savassi LA, Arantes FP, Rizzo E, Bazzoli N. Heavy metals accumulation and endocrine disruption in Prochilodus argenteus from a polluted neotropical river. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019;169:539-550. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.047.
  • 21. Colomina MT, Peris-Sampedro F. Aluminum and Alzheimer's Disease. Adv Neurobiol 2017;18:183-197. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-60189-2_9.
  • 22. Ulusu NN. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and Alzheimer's disease: Partners in crime? The hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2015;85:219-23. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.05.006
  • 23. Ulusu NN, Yilmaz G, Erbayraktar Z, Evlice AT, Aras S, Yener G, Avci A. A Turkish 3-center study evaluation of serum folic acid and vitamin B12 levels in Alzheimer disease. Turk J Med Sci 2015;45:1159-66. doi: 10.3906/sag-1406-136.
  • 24. Ulusu NN, Yilmaz G, Erbayraktar Z, Evlice A, Metin G, Sevgi A, Avci A, Yener G. A comparative study on thyroid function in Alzheimer’s disease: Results from a Turkish multi-centre study. J Neurol Sci Turk 2015;32: 335-47.
  • 25. Evlice A, Ulusu NN. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase a novel hope on a blood-based diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neurol Belg 2017;117:229-234. doi: 10.1007/s13760-016-0666-6.
  • 26. Webers A, Heneka MT, Gleeson PA. The role of innate immune responses and neuroinflammation in amyloid accumulation and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Immunol Cell Biol 2020;98:28-41. doi: 10.1111/imcb.12301
  • 27. Erbayraktar Z, Turan Evlice A, Yilmaz G, Yazici C, Yener G, Ulusu NN. Evaluation of Renal Function in Alzheimer's Disease and Geriatric Patients: Results from a Turkish Two-center Study. J Med Biochem 2017;36:54-61. doi: 10.1515/jomb-2016-0028.
  • 28. Legler J, Brouwer A. Are brominated flame retardants endocrine disruptors? Environ Int 2003;29:879-85. doi: 10.1016/S0160-4120(03)00104-1.
  • 29. Tanyel FC, Ulusu NN, Tezcan EF, Büyükpamukçu N. Total calcium content of sacs associated with inguinal hernia, hydrocele or undescended testis reflects differences dictated by programmed cell death. Urol Int 2003;70:211-5. doi: 10.1159/000068765.
  • 30. Tanyel FC, Ulusu NN, Tezcan EF, Büyükpamukçu N. Less calcium in cremaster muscles of boys with undescended testis supports a deficiency in sympathetic innervation. Urol Int 2002;69:111-5. doi: 10.1159/000065558.
  • 31. Tandogan B, Ulusu NN. Inhibition of purified bovine liver glutathione reductase with some metal ions. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010;25:68-73. doi: 10.3109/14756360903016512.
  • 32. Tandogan B, Ulusu NN. Effects of cadmium and zinc ions on purified lamb kidney cortex glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2006;21:225-30. doi: 10.1080/14756360500480533.
  • 33. Aydemir D, Simsek G, Ulusu NN. Dataset of the analyzing trace elements and minerals via ICP-MS: Method validation for the mammalian tissue and serum samples. Data Brief 2020;29:105218. doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105218.
  • 34. Aydemir D, Salman N, Karimzadehkhouei M, Alaca BE, Turan B, Ulusu NN. Evaluation of the Effects of Aging on the Aorta Stiffness in Relation with Mineral and Trace Element Levels: an Optimized Method via Custom-Built Stretcher Device. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020. doi: 10.1007/s12011-020-02380-9.
  • 35. Turan B, Acan NL, Ulusu NN, Tezcan EF. A comparative study on effect of dietary selenium and vitamin E on some antioxidant enzyme activities of liver and brain tissues. Biol Trace Elem Res 2001;81:141-52. doi: 10.1385/BTER:81:2:141.
  • 36. Ulusu N, Acan N, Turan B, Tezcan E. Inhibition of glutathione reductase by cadmium ion in some rabbit tissues and the protective role of dietary selenium. Biol Trace Elem Res 2003;91:151-6. doi: 10.1385/bter:91:2:151.
  • 37. Tandoğan B, Ulusu NN. The inhibition kinetics of yeast glutathione reductase by some metal ions. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2007;22:489-95. doi: 10.1080/14756360601162147.
  • 38. Ulusu NN, Turan B. Beneficial effects of selenium on some enzymes of diabetic rat heart. Biol Trace Elem Res 2005;103:207-16. doi: 10.1385/BTER:103:3:207.
  • 39. Ulusu NN. Curious Cases of the Enzymes. J Med Biochem 2015;34:271-281. doi: 10.2478/jomb-2014-0045.
  • 40. Ulusu NN. Evolution of Enzyme Kinetic Mechanisms. J Mol Evol 2015;80:251-7. doi: 10.1007/s00239-015-9681-0.
  • 41. Suzuki T, Kajita Y, Katsumata S, Matsuzaki H, Suzuki K. Zinc Deficiency Increases Serum Concentrations of Parathyroid Hormone through a Decrease in Serum Calcium and Induces Bone Fragility in Rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2015;61:382-90. doi: 10.3177/jnsv.61.382.
Year 2022, , 689 - 693, 31.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.869552

Abstract

Project Number

yok

References

  • 1. Pascarella G, Strumia A, Piliego C, Bruno F, Del Buono R, Costa F, Scarlata S, Agrò FE. COVID-19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review. J Intern Med 2020;288:192-206. doi: 10.1111/joim.13091
  • 2. Aydemir D, Ulusu NN. Correspondence: Importance of the validated serum biochemistry and hemogram parameters for rapid diagnosis and to prevent false negative results during COVID-19 pandemic. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020;10.1002/bab.1936. doi: 10.1002/bab.1936
  • 3. Aydemir D, Ulusu NN. Influence of Lifestyle Parameters - Dietary Habit, Chronic Stress and Environmental Factors, Jobs - on the Human Health in Relation to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2020;14:e36-e37. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.222.
  • 4. Aydemir D, Oztascı B, Barlas N, Ulusu NN. Influence of the butylparaben administration on the liver, kidney and spleen. Turk J Biochem 2020;45:689–694 https://doi.org/10.1515/tjb-2020-0048 jbah ocak ayı
  • 5. Aydemir D, Ulusu NN. Is glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme deficiency a factor in Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) infections and deaths? Pathog Glob Health 2020;114:109-110. doi: 10.1080/20477724.2020.1751388.
  • 6. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public
  • 7. Pfizer, 2020. https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-and-biontech-announce-vaccine-candidate-against
  • 8. Slifka MK, Amanna I. How advances in immunology provide insight into improving vaccine efficacy. Vaccine 2014;32:2948-57. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.03.078.
  • 9. https://theconversation.com/millions-of-face-masks-are-being-thrown-away-during-covid-19-heres-how-to-choose-the-best-one-for-the-planet-147787
  • 10. Correia TG, Narcizo AM, Bianchini A, Moreira RG. Aluminum as an endocrine disruptor in female Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2010;151:461-6. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.02.002.
  • 11. Campanale C, Massarelli C, Savino I, Locaputo V, Uricchio VF. A Detailed Review Study on Potential Effects of Microplastics and Additives of Concern on Human Health. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17:1212. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17041212.
  • 12. Wardlaw C, Prosser RS, (2020). Investigation of microplastics in freshwater mussels (Lasmigona costata) from the grand river watershed in ontario, Canada. Water Air Soil Pollut 231, 405. doi: 10.1007/s11270-020-04741-5
  • 13. Teuten EL, Saquing JM, Knappe DR, Barlaz MA, Jonsson S, Björn A, Rowland SJ, Thompson RC, Galloway TS, Yamashita R, Ochi D, Watanuki Y, Moore C, Viet PH, Tana TS, Prudente M, Boonyatumanond R, Zakaria MP, Akkhavong K, Ogata Y, Hirai H, Iwasa S, Mizukawa K, Hagino Y, Imamura A, Saha M, Takada H. Transport and release of chemicals from plastics to the environment and to wildlife. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2009;364:2027-2045. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0284.
  • 14. Aydemir D, Karabulut G, Şimşek G, Gok M, Barlas N, Ulusu NN. Impact of the Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate Administration on Trace Element and Mineral Levels in Relation of Kidney and Liver Damage in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018;186:474-488. doi: 10.1007/s12011-018-1331-0.
  • 15. Aydemir D, Öztaşcı B, Barlas N, Ulusu NN. Effects of butylparaben on antioxidant enzyme activities and histopathological changes in rat tissues. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2019;70:315-324. doi: 10.2478/aiht-2019-70-3342.
  • 16. Aydemir D, Karabulut G, Gok M, Barlas N, Ulusu NN. Data the DEHP induced changes on the trace element and mineral levels in the brain and testis tissues of rats. Data Brief 2019;26:104526. doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104526.
  • 17. Aydemir D, Oztascı B, Barlas N, Ulusu NN. Influence of the butylparaben administration on the liver, kidney and spleen. Turk J Biochem 2020;45:689–694 https://doi.org/10.1515/tjb-2020-0048
  • 18. Benvenga S, Elia G, Ragusa F, Paparo SR, Sturniolo MM, Ferrari SM, Antonelli A, Fallahi P. Endocrine disruptors and thyroid autoimmunity. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020;34:101377. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2020.101377.
  • 19. Kida BM, Abdalla RP, Moreira RG. Effects of acidic water, aluminum, and manganese on testicular steroidogenesis in Astyanax altiparanae. Fish Physiol Biochem 2016;42:1347-56. doi: 10.1007/s10695-016-0222-6.
  • 20. Paschoalini AL, Savassi LA, Arantes FP, Rizzo E, Bazzoli N. Heavy metals accumulation and endocrine disruption in Prochilodus argenteus from a polluted neotropical river. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019;169:539-550. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.047.
  • 21. Colomina MT, Peris-Sampedro F. Aluminum and Alzheimer's Disease. Adv Neurobiol 2017;18:183-197. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-60189-2_9.
  • 22. Ulusu NN. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and Alzheimer's disease: Partners in crime? The hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2015;85:219-23. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.05.006
  • 23. Ulusu NN, Yilmaz G, Erbayraktar Z, Evlice AT, Aras S, Yener G, Avci A. A Turkish 3-center study evaluation of serum folic acid and vitamin B12 levels in Alzheimer disease. Turk J Med Sci 2015;45:1159-66. doi: 10.3906/sag-1406-136.
  • 24. Ulusu NN, Yilmaz G, Erbayraktar Z, Evlice A, Metin G, Sevgi A, Avci A, Yener G. A comparative study on thyroid function in Alzheimer’s disease: Results from a Turkish multi-centre study. J Neurol Sci Turk 2015;32: 335-47.
  • 25. Evlice A, Ulusu NN. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase a novel hope on a blood-based diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neurol Belg 2017;117:229-234. doi: 10.1007/s13760-016-0666-6.
  • 26. Webers A, Heneka MT, Gleeson PA. The role of innate immune responses and neuroinflammation in amyloid accumulation and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Immunol Cell Biol 2020;98:28-41. doi: 10.1111/imcb.12301
  • 27. Erbayraktar Z, Turan Evlice A, Yilmaz G, Yazici C, Yener G, Ulusu NN. Evaluation of Renal Function in Alzheimer's Disease and Geriatric Patients: Results from a Turkish Two-center Study. J Med Biochem 2017;36:54-61. doi: 10.1515/jomb-2016-0028.
  • 28. Legler J, Brouwer A. Are brominated flame retardants endocrine disruptors? Environ Int 2003;29:879-85. doi: 10.1016/S0160-4120(03)00104-1.
  • 29. Tanyel FC, Ulusu NN, Tezcan EF, Büyükpamukçu N. Total calcium content of sacs associated with inguinal hernia, hydrocele or undescended testis reflects differences dictated by programmed cell death. Urol Int 2003;70:211-5. doi: 10.1159/000068765.
  • 30. Tanyel FC, Ulusu NN, Tezcan EF, Büyükpamukçu N. Less calcium in cremaster muscles of boys with undescended testis supports a deficiency in sympathetic innervation. Urol Int 2002;69:111-5. doi: 10.1159/000065558.
  • 31. Tandogan B, Ulusu NN. Inhibition of purified bovine liver glutathione reductase with some metal ions. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010;25:68-73. doi: 10.3109/14756360903016512.
  • 32. Tandogan B, Ulusu NN. Effects of cadmium and zinc ions on purified lamb kidney cortex glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2006;21:225-30. doi: 10.1080/14756360500480533.
  • 33. Aydemir D, Simsek G, Ulusu NN. Dataset of the analyzing trace elements and minerals via ICP-MS: Method validation for the mammalian tissue and serum samples. Data Brief 2020;29:105218. doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105218.
  • 34. Aydemir D, Salman N, Karimzadehkhouei M, Alaca BE, Turan B, Ulusu NN. Evaluation of the Effects of Aging on the Aorta Stiffness in Relation with Mineral and Trace Element Levels: an Optimized Method via Custom-Built Stretcher Device. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020. doi: 10.1007/s12011-020-02380-9.
  • 35. Turan B, Acan NL, Ulusu NN, Tezcan EF. A comparative study on effect of dietary selenium and vitamin E on some antioxidant enzyme activities of liver and brain tissues. Biol Trace Elem Res 2001;81:141-52. doi: 10.1385/BTER:81:2:141.
  • 36. Ulusu N, Acan N, Turan B, Tezcan E. Inhibition of glutathione reductase by cadmium ion in some rabbit tissues and the protective role of dietary selenium. Biol Trace Elem Res 2003;91:151-6. doi: 10.1385/bter:91:2:151.
  • 37. Tandoğan B, Ulusu NN. The inhibition kinetics of yeast glutathione reductase by some metal ions. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2007;22:489-95. doi: 10.1080/14756360601162147.
  • 38. Ulusu NN, Turan B. Beneficial effects of selenium on some enzymes of diabetic rat heart. Biol Trace Elem Res 2005;103:207-16. doi: 10.1385/BTER:103:3:207.
  • 39. Ulusu NN. Curious Cases of the Enzymes. J Med Biochem 2015;34:271-281. doi: 10.2478/jomb-2014-0045.
  • 40. Ulusu NN. Evolution of Enzyme Kinetic Mechanisms. J Mol Evol 2015;80:251-7. doi: 10.1007/s00239-015-9681-0.
  • 41. Suzuki T, Kajita Y, Katsumata S, Matsuzaki H, Suzuki K. Zinc Deficiency Increases Serum Concentrations of Parathyroid Hormone through a Decrease in Serum Calcium and Induces Bone Fragility in Rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2015;61:382-90. doi: 10.3177/jnsv.61.382.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Duygu Aydemir 0000-0002-6449-2708

Nuray Ulusu 0000-0002-3173-1389

Project Number yok
Publication Date May 31, 2022
Submission Date December 28, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Aydemir, D., & Ulusu, N. (2022). Fate of the face masks in the environment affect human and wildlife: tons of face masks are new source for the endocrine disrupting chemicals. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences, 6(2), 689-693. https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.869552
AMA Aydemir D, Ulusu N. Fate of the face masks in the environment affect human and wildlife: tons of face masks are new source for the endocrine disrupting chemicals. JBACHS. May 2022;6(2):689-693. doi:10.30621/jbachs.869552
Chicago Aydemir, Duygu, and Nuray Ulusu. “Fate of the Face Masks in the Environment Affect Human and Wildlife: Tons of Face Masks Are New Source for the Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals”. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences 6, no. 2 (May 2022): 689-93. https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.869552.
EndNote Aydemir D, Ulusu N (May 1, 2022) Fate of the face masks in the environment affect human and wildlife: tons of face masks are new source for the endocrine disrupting chemicals. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences 6 2 689–693.
IEEE D. Aydemir and N. Ulusu, “Fate of the face masks in the environment affect human and wildlife: tons of face masks are new source for the endocrine disrupting chemicals”, JBACHS, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 689–693, 2022, doi: 10.30621/jbachs.869552.
ISNAD Aydemir, Duygu - Ulusu, Nuray. “Fate of the Face Masks in the Environment Affect Human and Wildlife: Tons of Face Masks Are New Source for the Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals”. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences 6/2 (May 2022), 689-693. https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.869552.
JAMA Aydemir D, Ulusu N. Fate of the face masks in the environment affect human and wildlife: tons of face masks are new source for the endocrine disrupting chemicals. JBACHS. 2022;6:689–693.
MLA Aydemir, Duygu and Nuray Ulusu. “Fate of the Face Masks in the Environment Affect Human and Wildlife: Tons of Face Masks Are New Source for the Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals”. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences, vol. 6, no. 2, 2022, pp. 689-93, doi:10.30621/jbachs.869552.
Vancouver Aydemir D, Ulusu N. Fate of the face masks in the environment affect human and wildlife: tons of face masks are new source for the endocrine disrupting chemicals. JBACHS. 2022;6(2):689-93.