Examination of Self-Efficacy and Quality of Life of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Regarding Diabetes Management

Year 2021, , 43 - 50, 20.09.2021

Özlem Çağan , Gözde Yeşilaydın , Bennur Koca

https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.898647

Abstract

Purpose: Good self-management in patients with diabetes will help them to maintain their well-being and quality of life, and the control of risk factors will make it possible to manage disease symptoms and to prevent complications. This study was carried out to determine the self-efficacy levels of patients with type 2 diabetes regarding their care and the factors affecting them and to examine the relationship between patients’ self-efficacy and quality of life.
Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design and was carried out with a total of 342 patients with type 2 diabetes. The Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (SES) was employed to evaluate diabetes self-efficacy levels of the patients, and the WHO Quality of Life Scale-Brief Form was used to evaluate their quality of life.
Results: The mean of the scores that the patients obtained from the SES scale was 64.16 ± 12.09. Diabetes self-efficacy was higher in patients who were married, were university graduates, had received training/information related to the disease, did not have any other chronic diseases, and did not exhibit any complications (p <0.05). The quality of life of patients who did not exhibit any complications and were receiving oral antidiabetic medication was higher (p <0.05).
Conclusion: A weak and positive correlation was found between the mean of the overall diabetes self-efficacy scale scores and the subscales of the quality of life scale. As the diabetes-related self-efficacy of the patients increased, their quality of life increased, as well

Keywords

Type 2 diabetes, self-efficacy, self-management, quality of life

Tip 2 Diyabet Hastalarının Diyabet Yönetimine İlişkin Öz Yeterlilikleri İle Yaşam Kalitelerinin İncelenmesi

Abstract

Diyabetli hastalarda iyi bir kendi kendine yönetim, sağlıklarını ve yaşam kalitelerini korumalarına yardımcı olur ve risk faktörlerinin kontrolü, hastalık semptomlarını yönetmeyi ve komplikasyonları önlemeyi mümkün kılar. Bu çalışma, tip 2 diyabetli hastaların bakımlarına ilişkin öz yeterlik düzeylerini ve onları etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek ve hastaların öz yeterlikleri ile yaşam kalitesi arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma kesitsel desende tasarlanmış ve toplam 342 tip 2 diyabet hastası ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hastaların diyabet öz-yeterlik düzeylerini değerlendirmek için Diyabet Yönetimi Öz Yeterlilik Ölçeği (SES), yaşam kalitelerini değerlendirmek için ise DSÖ Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği-Özet Formu kullanıldı. Hastaların SES ölçeğinden aldıkları puanların ortalaması 64,16 ± 12,09 idi. Evli, üniversite mezunu, hastalıkla ilgili eğitim / bilgi almış, başka kronik hastalığı olmayan ve komplikasyon göstermeyen hastalarda diyabet öz yeterliği daha yüksekti (p <0.05). Herhangi bir komplikasyon göstermeyen ve oral antidiyabetik ilaç alan hastaların yaşam kalitesi daha yüksekti (p <0.05). Diyabet öz yeterlilik ölçeği toplamı ile yaşam kalitesi alt boyutları arasında pozitif yönde ve zayıf bir ilişki vardır. Hastaların diyabetlerine ilişkin öz yeterlilikleri arttıkça yaşam kaliteleri artmaktadır.

Keywords

Tip 2 diyabet, öz-yeterlik, öz-yönetim, yaşam kalitesi

References

• Referans1 Guariguata L, Whiting DR, Hambleton I, Linnenkamp U, Shaw JE. Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2013 and projections for 2035. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2014;103(2): 137-49. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2013.11.002
• Referans2 Olgun N. Diyabet (Tip II) ve Bakım. (Ed: Durna Z). In: Kronik Hastalıklar ve Bakım. Istanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri 2012: 291-332
• Refererans3 International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes atlas. 8th edition. Available From: http://www.diabetesatlas.org [Verified 25 December 2019].
• Referans4 Zhu Y, Fish AF, Li F, Liu L, Lou Q. Psychosocial factors not metabolic control impact the quality of life among patients with type 2 diabetes in China. Acta Diabetol 2016; 53(4): 535-41. https://doi.org/: 10.1007/s00592-015-0832-y
• Referans5 Funnell MM, Brown TL, Childs BP, Haas LB, Hosey GM, Jensen B et al. National standarts for diabetes self management education. Diabetes Care. 2009; 32 (1): 587-94. https:// doi: 10.2337/dc09-S087.
• Referans6 Bijl JV, Poelgeest-Eeltink AV, Shortridge-Baggett L. The psychometric properties of the diabetes management self-efficacy scale for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Adv Nurs 1999; 30: 352–359. https:// doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1999.01077.x.
• Referans7 Kara M, Van der Bijl JJ, Shortridge-Baggett LM, Asti T, Erguney S. Cross-cultural adaptation of the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: scale development. Int J Nurs Stud, 2006; 43(5): 611-21. https://doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.07.008
• Referans8 World Health Organization. WHOQOL-BREF introduction, administiration, scoring and generic version of the assessment. Geneva: Programme on Mental Health, Field Trial Version;1996.
• Referans9 Eser E, Fidaner H, Fidaner C, Eser SY, Elbi H. ve Göker E. (1999). Psychometric properties of tlte WHOQOL-100 and WHOOOLBREF. 3P Dergisi 7(Suppl 2): 23-40.
• Referans10 International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes atlas. 9th edition. Available from: https://www.diabetesatlas. org/upload/resources/2019/IDF_Atlas_9th_Edition_2019. pdf [Verified 25 December 2019].
• Referans11 Satman I, Omer B, Tutuncu Y, Kalaca S, Gedik S, Dinccag N et al. Twelve-year trends in the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in Turkish adults. Eur J Epidemiol 2013; 28:169-80.https:// doi: 10.1007/s10654-013-9771-5
• Reerans12 Glasgow RE, Tooberth DJ. Gilette CD. Psychosocial barriers to diabetes self management and quality of life. Diabetes Spectrum 2001;14(1): 33-41.
• Reerans13 Wichit N, Mnatzaganian G, Courtney M, Schulz P, Johnson M. Randomized controlled trial of a family-orientedself-management program to improve self-efficacy, glycemic control and quality of life among Thaiindividuals with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 123: 37-48.https://doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.11.013.
• Referans14 Kav S, Yilmaz AA, Bulut Y, Dogan N. Self-efficacy, depression and self-careactivities of people with type 2 diabetes in Turkey. Collegian 2017; (24): 27-35.https://doi: 10.1016/j.colegn.2015.09.005.
• Referans15 Sireci E, Karabulutlu EY. Diabetes mellitus type II patients’ acceptance of illness and determination of self efficacy levels for their care. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences 2017; 20(1): 48-55.
• Referans16 Lin K, Park C, Li M, Wang X, Li X, Li W, Quinn L. Effects of depression, diabetes distress, diabetes self-efficacy, and diabetes self-management on glycemic control among Chinese population with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 131: 179-186.https:// doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.03.013
• Reerans17 D'Souza MS, Karkada SN, Parahoo K, Venkatesaperumal R, Achora S, Cayaban ARR. Self-efficacy and self-care behaviours among adults with type 2 diabetes. Appl Nurs Res 2017; (36): 25–32.https:// doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2017.05.004.
• Referans18 Tosun AS, Zincir H. The effect of a transtheoretical model–based motivational interview on self‐efficacy, metabolic control, and health behaviour in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Pract 2019; 25 e12742: 1-12. https:// doi: 10.1111/ijn.12742.
• Referans19 Ozdemir A, Kavak F, Gultekin A. Determining the self-efficacy perceived with social support in type II diabetes patients. Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci 2019;11(3): 305-12. https:// doi: 10.5336/nurses.2019-64774.
• Referans20 Mishali M, Omer H, Heymann AD. The importance of measuring self-efficacy in patients with diabetes. Fam Pract 2011; 28(1): 82–87. https://doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmq086.
• Referans21 Osborn CY, Egede LE. Validation of an information-motivation-behavioral skills model of diabetes self-care (IMB-DSC). Patient Educ and Couns 2010; 79(1): 49–54. https://doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2009.07.016.
• Reerans22 Kosti M, Kanakari M. Education and diabetes mellitus. Health Science Journal 2012; 6(4): 654-662.
• Reerans23 Funnell MM, Brown TL, Childs BP, Haas Hosey GM, Jensen B, Maryniuk M, et al. National standards for diabetes self-management education. Diabetes Care 2008; 31(1): 97– 104.https:// doi: 10.2337/dc08-S097.
• Reerans24 Karakoç Kumsar A, Taşkın Yılmaz F. Overview of quality of life in chronic disease patients. ERÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 2014; 2(2): 62-70.
• Reerans25 Prasanna Kumar HR, Mahesh MG, Menon VB, Srinath KM, Shashidhara KC, Ashos P. Patient self-reported quality of life assessment in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A pilot study. Niger J Clin Pract 2018; 21(3): 343-349.https:// doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_433_16.
• Referans26 Karyani AK, Rashidian A, Sefiddashti SE, Sari AA. Self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and factors affecting HRQoL among individuals with health insurance in Iran. Epidemiol Health 2016; 38: 1-8. https://doi: 10.4178/epih.e2016046.
• Referans27 Cıtıl R, Günay O, Elmalı F, Oztürk Y. The effects of medical and social factors on the quality of life of diabetic patients. Erciyes Medical Journal 2010; 32(4): 253-64.
• Reerans28 Altunoğu EG, Sarı Z, Erdenen F, Müderrisoğlu C, Ülgen E, Sarı M. The relationship of depression, anxiety and disability with HbA1c and the duration of diabetes in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Istanbul Med J, 2012; 13(3): 115-119.
• Reerans29. Pouwer F, Hermanns N. Insulin therapy and quality of life. A review. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2009; 25: 4-10. https:// doi: 10.1002/dmrr.981