Assessment of neck pain, low back pain and disability in patients isolated at home due to mild-COVID-19: a cross-sectional study

Gülşah Barğı; Kübra Özonay

doi:10.30621/jbachs.996523

Research Article

BibTex

RIS

Cite

Assessment of neck pain, low back pain and disability in patients isolated at home due to mild-COVID-19: a cross-sectional study

Year 2022, , 155 - 163, 27.01.2022

Gülşah Barğı Kübra Özonay

https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.996523

Abstract

Purpose: Neck pain (NP), low back pain (LBP) and related disability status in patients with COVID-19 have been not known yet. Therefore, pain and related disability status in patients with mild COVID-19 was investigated in current study.
Methods: Patients with mild-COVID-19 (n=45, 40.64±17.18 yr) were included in current study. Pain perception (Numeric Rating Scale) and disability status (Neck Disability Index (NDI), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI)) were evaluated remotely on the online forms at pre-COVID-19, isolation, and post-COVID-19 periods between 18 February 2021 and 9 May 2021.
Results: NP existed in 9 (20%) patients (resting: 0.96±2.29, activity: 1.02±2.42) at pre-COVID-19, 16 (35.6%) patients (resting: 1.93±3.02, activity: 2.27±3.52) at isolation and 6 (13.3%) patients (resting: 0.62±1.81, activity: 0.87±2.31) at post-COVID-19 periods (p<0.05). LBP existed in 10 (22.2%) patients (resting: 0.69±1.44, activity: 0.84±1.86) at pre-COVID-19, 19 (42.2%) patients (resting: 2.18±2.95, activity: 2.31±3.05) at isolation and 6 (13.3%) patients (resting: 0.53±1.73, activity: 0.71±1.98) at post-COVID-19 periods (p<0.05). COVID-19 had a significant effect on increase in NDI and ODI scores (p<0.05).
Conclusion: NP and LBP are caused by pain reported at isolation and post-COVID-19 periods in patients with mild-COVID-19. Even, difference in rate of LBP arises from isolation period. COVID-19 causes increase in both pain perception and disability scores in patients. Considering acute side effects of COVID-19 on pain perception and disability during daily living activities, therapeutic approaches (exercise, positioning, etc.) other than only advice of resting at home should be urgently offered to patients according to needs of patients with mild-COVID-19 during home quarantine.

Keywords

SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, low back pain, musculoskeletal pain, neck pain, pain.

Project Number

yok

References

1. Abdullahi A, Acaroz Candan S, Abba MA, et al. Neurological and musculoskeletal features of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2020;11:687.
2. Cipollaro L, Giordano L, Padulo J, Oliva F, Maffuli N. Musculoskeletal symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) patients. J Orthop Surg Res 2020;15(1):178.
3. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med 2020;382(18):1708–1720.
4. Goyal P, Choi JJ, Pinheiro LC, et al. Clinical characteristics of Covid-19 in New York City. N Engl J Med 2020;382(24):2372–2374.
5. Murat S, Dogruoz Karatekin B, Icagasioglu A, Ulasoglu C, İçten S, Incealtin O. Clinical presentations of pain in patients with COVID-19 infection. Ir J Med Sci 2020;1-5.
6. Disser NP, De Micheli AJ, Schonk MM, et al. Musculoskeletal Consequences of COVID-19. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2020;102(14):1197-1204.
7. Srinivasan S, Cui H, Gao Z, et al. Structural Genomics of SARS-CoV-2 Indicates Evolutionary Conserved Functional Regions of Viral Proteins. Viruses 2020;12(4):360.
8. McCray Jr PB, Pewe L, Wohlford-Lenane C, et al. Lethal infection of K18-hACE2 mice infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. J Virol 2007;81(2):813-821.
9. Ding Y, Wang H, Shen H, et al. The clinical pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): a report from China. J Pathol 2003;200(3):282-289.
10. Hsiao CH, Chang MF, Hsueh PR, Su IJ. Immunohistochemical study of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus in tissue sections of patients. J Formos Med Assoc 2005;104(3):150-156.
11. Nakamura K, Saito K, Hara Y, et al. Severe epidemic myalgia with an elevated level of serum interleukin-6 caused by human parechovirus type 3: a case report and brief review of the literature. BMC Infect Dis 2018;18(1):381.
12. Marks M, Marks JL. Viral arthritis. Clin Med (Lond) 2016;16(2):129-134.
13. Kaiser L, Fritz RS, Straus SE, Gubareva L, Hayden FG. Symptom pathogenesis during acute influenza: interleukin-6 and other cytokine responses. J Med Virol 2001;64(3):262-268.
14. Misra DP, Agarwal V, Gasparyan AY, Zimba O. Rheumatologists’ perspective on coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and potential therapeutic targets. Clin Rheumatol 2020;39(7):2055-2062.
15. Binder A. The diagnosis and treatment of nonspecific neck pain and whiplash. Eura Medicophys 2007;43(1):79-89.
16. Borghouts JAJ, Koes BW, Bouter LM. The clinical course and prognostic factors of non-specific neck pain: a systematic review. Pain 1998;77(1):1-13.
17. Luo X, Edwards CL, Richardson W, Hey L. Relationship of clinical, psychologic, and individual factors with the functional status of neck pain patients. Value Health 2004;7(1):61-69.
18. Karababa AO. Epidemiology of Low Back Pain. Turkiye Klinikleri J Neurosurg-Special Topics. 2010;3(1):1-7.
19. Urquhart DM, Zheng Y, Cheng AC, et al. Could low grade bacterial infection contribute to low back pain? A systematic review. BMC Med 2015;13:13.
20. Fairbank JC, Pynsent PB. The Oswestry disability index. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2000;25(22):2940-2952.
21. Qian GQ, Yang NB, Ding F, et al. Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 91 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang, China: a retrospective, multi-centre case series. QJM 2020;113(7):474-481.
22. McCaffery M, Beebe A. Pain: Clinical Manual for Nursing Practice. St. Louis; MO: Mosby; 1989.
23. Cleland JA, Childs JD, Whitman JM. Psychometric properties of the Neck Disability Index and Numeric Pain Rating Scale in patients with mechanical neck pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2008;89(1):69-74.
24. Kesiktas N, Ozcan E, Vernon H. Clinimetric properties of the Turkish translation of a modified neck disability index. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2012;13:25.
25. Vernon H, Mior S. The neck disability index: a study of reliability and validity. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1991;14(7):409–415.
26. Yakut E, Düger T, Oksüz Ç, et al. Validation of the Turkish version of the Oswestry Disability Index for patients with low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2004;29(5):581-585.
27. http://www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html., Access date: December 24, 2020.
28. Sun P, Lu X, Xu C, Sun W, Pan B. Understanding of COVID-19 based on current evidence. J Med Virol 2020;92(6):548-551.
29. Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, De Siati DR, et al. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020;277(8):2251-2261.
30. Karaarslan F, Demircioğlu Güneri F, Kardeş S. Postdischarge rheumatic and musculoskeletal symptoms following hospitalization for COVID-19: prospective follow-up by phone interviews. Rheumatol Int 2021;41(7):1263-1271.
31. Şahin T, Ayyildiz A, Gencer-Atalay K, Akgün C, Özdemir HM, Kuran B. Pain Symptoms in COVID-19. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2021;100(4):307-312.
32. Soares FHC, Kubota GT, Fernandes AM, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of new‐onset pain in COVID‐19 survivours, a controlled study. Eur J Pain 2021;10.1002/ejp.1755. doi: 10.1002/ejp.1755.
33. Wang YX, Gou C, Peng TT, et al. Retrospective Analysis of Neurological Symptoms of Severe/Critical COVID-19 Patients in Sichuan Province. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2020;51(6):873-877.