Kallistatin Levels in Children Diagnosed with Bronchitis

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 448 - 455, 31.05.2024

Kamile Yucel , Şekibe Işık Dişci , Tuğçe Duran

https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.1390156

Abstract

Kallistatin Levels in Children Diagnosed with Bronchitis

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the levels of kallistatin in the plasma of children diagnosed with bronchitis and to compare them with healthy control subjects.
Methods: A total of 89 participants, including 16 patients diagnosed with bronchitis and taking medication with the diagnosis of tonsillitis (BT), 26 patients diagnosed with bronchitis only (B), and 47 healthy controls who attended the same outpatient clinic for routine control, were included in the study.
Results: When we looked at the differences by dividing the patient group into 2 groups (B, BT), we found that the kallistatin levels in the BT group were significantly higher than both the B group and the healthy control groups. There was no significant difference in kallistatin levels between the healthy controls and the B group. We found that the AUC for kallistatin was 0.631 in the ROC analysis performed between the patient (B+BT) and control groups.
Conclusion: Kallistatin levels were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group. More comprehensive studies with repeated kallistatin measurements are needed to understand whether kallistatin levels are important in the diagnosis and management of patients with bronchitis and to confirm our findings.

Keywords

Bronchitis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, kallistatin

References

• Kinkade S, Long NA. Acute bronchitis. Am Fam Physician 2016;1;94(7):560-5.
• Clark TW, Medina MJ, Batham S, Curran MD, Parmar S, Nicholson KG. Adults hospitalised with acute respiratory illness rarely have detectable bacteria in the absence of COPD or pneumonia; viral infection predomi¬nates in a large prospective UK sample. J Infect 2014;69(5):507-15.
• Fretzayas A, Moustaki M. Etiology and clinical features of viral bronchiolitis in infancy. World J Pediatr 2017;13(4):293-9.
• Sung FC, Wei CC, Muo CH, et al. Acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis infection in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis: A retrospective cohort study based on 5,027,486 children in taiwan. Viruses 2023;15(3):1-10.
• Lin WC, Chen CW, Chao L, Chao J, Lin YS. Plasma kallistatin in critically ill patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. PLoS One 2017;12(5):1-15.
• Wang G, Zou J, Yu X, Yin S, Tang C. The antiatherogenic function of kallistatin and its potential mechanism. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020;52(6):583-9.
• Chao J, Li P, Chao L. Kallistatin: double-edged role in angiogenesis, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Biol Chem 2017;398(12):1309-17.
• Lin WC, Chen CW, Huang YW, et al. Kallistatin protects against sepsis-related acute lung injury via inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis. Sci Rep 2015;12463:1-16.
• Liu Y, Bledsoe G, Hagiwara M, Shen B, Chao L, Chao J. Depletion of endogenous kallistatin exacerbates renal and cardiovascular oxidative stress, inflammation, and organ remodeling. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012;303(8):1230-8.
• Lin WC, Lu SL, Lin CF, et al. Plasma kallistatin levels in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. Crit Care 2013;17(1):1-10.
• Kim T, Suh GJ, Kwon WY, Kim KS, Jung YS, Shin SM. Lower serum kallistatin level is associated with 28-day mortality in patients with septic shock. J Crit Care 2018;48:328-33.
• Mahowald M, Shahan B, Forbes D. Respiratory conditions: Lower respiratory tract infections. FP Essent 2019;486:19-25.
• Behairy O, Mohammad O, Elshaer O. Iron-deficiency anemia as a risk factor for acute lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 5 years. Egypt J Bronchol 2018;12(3):352-7.
• Mourad S, Rajab M, Alameddine A, Fares M, Ziade F, Abou MB. Hemoglobin level as a risk factor for lower respiratory tract infections in Lebanese children. N Am J Med Sci 2010;2(10):461-6.
• Ramakrishnan K, Harish PS. Hemoglobin level as a risk factor for lower respiratory tract infections. Indian J Pediatr 2006;73(10):881-3.
• Celik E, Celik SF, Güngör S, Dursun A. Impact of anaemia on the severity of acute bronchiolitis in infants. Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 2021; 41(1): 73-9.
• Rodriguez-Gonzalez M, Estepa-Pedregosa L, Estalella-Mendoza A, et al. Routine laboratory test to assess the need of respiratory support in acute bronchiolitis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022;57(5):1339-47.
• Gao L, Yin HS, Smith RJ, Chao L, Chao J. Role of kallistatin in prevention of cardiac remodeling after chronic myocardial infarction. Lab Invest 2008;88:1157-66.
• Miao RQ, Agata J, Chao L, Chao J. Kallistatin is a new inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth. Blood 2002;100:3245-52.
• Chao J, Chai KX, Chen LM, et al. Tissue kallikrein-binding protein is a serpin. I. Purification, characterization, and distribution in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Biol Chem. 1990;265:16394-16401.
• Shen B, Hagiwara M, Yao YY, Chao L, Chao J. Salutary effect of kallistatin in salt-induced renal injury, inflammation, and fibrosis via antioxidative stress. Hypertension. 2008;51:1358-1365.
• Chao J, Chen LM, Chai KX, Chao L. Expression of kallikrein-binding protein and alpha 1-antitrypsin genes in response to sex hormones, growth, inflammation and hypertension. Agents Actions Suppl. 1992;38(1):174-181.
• Luo Q, Siconolfi-Baez L, Annamaneni P, Bielawski MT, Novikoff PM, Angeletti RH. Altered protein expression at early-stage rat hepatic neoplasia. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2007;292:1272-1282.
• McBride JD, Jenkins AJ, Liu X, et al. Elevated circulation levels of an antiangiogenic SERPIN in patients with diabetic microvascular complications impair wound healing through suppression of Wnt signaling. J Invest Dermatol. 2014;134:1725-1734.
• Jenkins AJ, McBride JD, Januszewski AS, et al. Increased serum kallistatin levels in type 1 diabetes patients with vascular complications. J Angiogenes Res. 2010;2:19:1-8.
• Wang CR, Chen SY, Shiau AL, et al. Upregulation of kallistatin expression in rheumatoid joints. J Rheumatol. 2007;34:2171-2176.
• Hangul M, Ozturk D, Keti DB, Demirkan FG, Kose M. Plasma kallistatin levels in children with community-acquired pneumonia. Pediatr Allergy Immunol Pulmonol 2018;31(3):146-50.