Trends in National Burden of Incidence and Mortality Rates Attributable to Cervical, Uterine, and Ovarian Cancer from 2008 to 2021 in Türkiye: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 619 - 627, 30.09.2025

Mehmet Emin Arayıcı , Ali Köse , Hülya Ellidokuz

https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.1743410

Abstract

Trends in National Burden of Incidence and Mortality Rates Attributable to Cervical, Uterine, and Ovarian Cancer from 2008 to 2021 in Türkiye: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study

Abstract

Purpose: Monitoring trends in cervical, uterine, and ovarian cancers is crucial for public health planning. This study aimed to investigate trends in mortality and incidence rates for these cancers in Türkiye between 2008 and 2021 using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study.
Material and Methods: Age-standardized mortality and incidence rates per 100,000 population were obtained from the Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx) platform. Trends were assessed by simple linear regression analysis, estimating annual and cumulative changes over 13 years.
Results: Between 2008 and 2021, cervical cancer incidence significantly decreased by 0.039 per 100,000 annually (95% CI: -0.049 to -0.029, p<0.001), totaling a cumulative decline of 0.51 per 100,000. Conversely, uterine cancer incidence significantly increased by 0.249 per 100,000 annually (95% CI: 0.196–0.301, p<0.001), resulting in a cumulative increase of 3.24 per 100,000. Ovarian cancer incidence rose moderately by 0.038 per 100,000 per year (95% CI: 0.022–0.054, p<0.001), with a cumulative increase of 0.49 per 100,000. Mortality from cervical cancer significantly decreased (annual change -0.032 per 100,000; 95% CI: -0.037 to -0.026, p<0.001), while uterine (annual change 0.017 per 100,000; 95% CI: 0.005–0.028, p=0.008) and ovarian (annual change 0.020 per 100,000; 95% CI: 0.008–0.031, p=0.003) cancer mortality rates increased modestly.
Conclusion: Türkiye showed decreasing trends in cervical cancer incidence and mortality, likely due to effective screening programs. However, rising incidence rates of uterine and ovarian cancers necessitate intensified public health strategies targeting obesity, early

Keywords

Cervical cancer , uterine cancer , ovarian cancer , mortality trends , incidence rates

References

• Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394–424.
• Cancer (IARC) TIA for R on. Global Cancer Observatory [Internet]. [cited 2025 May 12]. Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/
• Arbyn M, Weiderpass E, Bruni L, de Sanjosé S, Saraiya M, Ferlay J, et al. Estimates of incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in 2018: a worldwide analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2020;8(2):e191–203.
• Zhang Y, Luo G, Li M, Guo P, Xiao Y, Ji H, et al. Global patterns and trends in ovarian cancer incidence: age, period and birth cohort analysis. BMC Cancer. 2019;19(1):984.
• Bray F, Laversanne M, Weiderpass E, Arbyn M. Geographic and temporal variations in the incidence of vulvar and vaginal cancers. Int J Cancer. 2020;147(10):2764–71.
• Köse S, Karakurt P. Kadınların Jinekolojik Kanserler ile İlgili Farkındalık Düzeyinin Artmasında Sağlık Okuryazarlığının Etkisi Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi Ve Folk Tıp Derg. 2023;13(1):196–206.
• Huang J, Chan WC, Ngai CH, Lok V, Zhang L, Lucero-Prisno DE, et al. Worldwide Burden, Risk Factors, and Temporal Trends of Ovarian Cancer: A Global Study. Cancers. 2022;14(9):2230.
• Chen W, Xia C, Zheng R, Zhou M, Lin C, Zeng H, et al. Disparities by province, age, and sex in site-specific cancer burden attributable to 23 potentially modifiable risk factors in China: a comparative risk assessment. Lancet Glob Health. 2019;7(2):e257–69.
• Atlas B, Güneri SE. Kadınların Jinekolojik Kanserlerle İlgili Farkındalığı ve Farkındalığı Etkileyen Faktörler. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilim Fakültesi Derg. 2022;7(1):77–85.
• WHO Director-General calls for all countries to take action to help end the suffering caused by cervical cancer [Internet]. [cited 2025 May 12]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/18-05-2018-who-dg-calls-for-all-countries-to-take-action-to-help-end-the-suffering-caused-by-cervical-cancer
• Costas L, Frias-Gomez J, Guardiola M, Benavente Y, Pineda M, Pavón MÁ, et al. New perspectives on screening and early detection of endometrial cancer. Int J Cancer. 2019;145(12):3194–206.
• Buchanan TR, Graybill WS, Pierce JY. Morbidity and mortality of vulvar and vaginal cancers: Impact of 2-, 4-, and 9-valent HPV vaccines. Hum Vaccines Immunother. 2016 Jun 2;12(6):1352–6.
• Gultekin M, Kucukyildiz I, Karaca MZ, Dundar S, Boztas G, Turan SH, et al. Trends of Gynecological Cancers in Turkey: Toward Europe or Asia? Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2017;27(7):1525–33.
• Cancers | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation [Internet]. [cited 2025 May 12]. Available from: https://www.healthdata.org/gbd/methods-appendices-2021/cancers
• Yang M, Du J, Lu H, Xiang F, Mei H, Xiao H. Global trends and age-specific incidence and mortality of cervical cancer from 1990 to 2019: an international comparative study based on the Global Burden of Disease. BMJ Open. 2022;12(7):e055470.
• Arslan HN, Oruc MA. Results from a cervical cancer screening program in Samsun, Turkey. BMC Womens Health [Internet]. 2022 Aug 4 [cited 2025 May 13];22(1):331. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-022-01916-6
• Lin S, Gao K, Gu S, You L, Qian S, Tang M, et al. Worldwide trends in cervical cancer incidence and mortality, with predictions for the next 15 years. Cancer. 2021;127(21):4030–9.
• Onstad MA, Schmandt RE, Lu KH. Addressing the Role of Obesity in Endometrial Cancer Risk, Prevention, and Treatment. J Clin Oncol [Internet]. 2016 Dec 10 [cited 2025 May ;34(35):4225–30. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5455320/
• Yang L, Yuan Y, Zhu R, Zhang X. Time trend of global uterine cancer burden: an age-period-cohort analysis from 1990 to 2019 and predictions in a 25-year period. BMC Womens Health [Internet]. 2023 Jul 21 [cited 2025 May 13];23(1):384. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-023-02535-5
• Gao S, Wang J, Li Z, Wang T, Wang J. Global Trends in Incidence and Mortality Rates of Endometrial Cancer Among Individuals Aged 55 years and Above From 1990 to 2021: An Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease. Int J Womens Health [Internet]. 2025 Mar 6 [cited 2025 May 13];17:651–62. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892492/
• Malvezzi M, Carioli G, Rodriguez T, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Global trends and predictions in ovarian cancer mortality. Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol. 2016;27(11):2017–25.
• Wojtyła C, Bertuccio P, Giermaziak W, Santucci C, Odone A, Ciebiera M, et al. European trends in ovarian cancer mortality, 1990-2020 and predictions to 2025. Eur J Cancer Oxf Engl 1990. 2023;194:113350.
• Akgör U, Temiz BE, Gültekin M. Prevention of gynecological cancers: cervical cancer screening in Turkey: a role model for the world. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2025;37(1):30–6.