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Educated Professionals on Boards at Borsa Istanbul

Year 2014, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 259 - 282, 01.09.2014

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the educational backgrounds and professional expertise of the directors in firms quoted at Borsa Istanbul. The findings of the study reveal that, a higher percentage of directors with advanced degrees such as PhDs, serve on various board committees, and a higher percentage of them are assigned as independent directors to the boards, compared to directors of lower educational qualifications. In addition, the findings suggest that a higher percentage of directors, who are professional experts such as accounting experts, lawyers or professors, serve on various committees of the boards, and a higher percentage of them are assigned as independent directors to boards. In contrast, a lower percentage of professional experts with advanced educational degrees serve as CEOs or chairmen of boards. These results suggest that technical skills and knowledge of directors are valued highly by companies, whereas they are not as highly valued in top managerial positions.

References

  •  Agrawal, A. and Chadha, S. (2005). Corporate Governance and Accounting Scandals. Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 48, No. 2, pp.371-406.
  •  Anderson, R. C., Reeb, D. M., Upadhyay, A. and Zhao, W. (2011). The Economics of Director Heterogeneity. Financial Management, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp.5-38.
  •  Ararat, M., Orbay, H. and Yurtoglu, B. B. (2010). The Effects of Board Independence in Controlled Firms: Evidence from Turkey. Working Paper (Abstract available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=1663403 ).
  •  Arfken, D., Bellar, S. L. and Helms, M. M. (2004). The Ultimate Glass Ceiling Revisited: The Presence of Women on Corporate Boards. Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 50, pp.177-186.
  • Arioglu, E. (2014). Demographic Diversity in the Boardroom: Evidence from Borsa Istanbul. Working Paper (Abstract available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2473591 ).
  •  Arioglu, E. and Kaya, P. A. (2014). Busyness, Independence, and Advising at Borsa Istanbul Firms. Working Paper (Abstract available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2468858 ).
  •  Audretsch, D. B. and Lehmann, E. (2006). Entrepreneurial Access and Absorption of Knowledge Spillovers: Strategic Board and Managerial Composition of Competitive Advantage. Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp.155-166.
  •  Bhagat, S., Bolton, B. J. and Subramanian, A. (2010). CEO Education, CEO Turnover, and Firm Performance. Working Paper (Abstract available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=1670219 ).
  •  Burgess, Z. and Tharenous, P. (2002). Women Board Directors: Characteristics of the Few. Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 37, pp.39-49.
  •  Carpenter, M. A. and Westphal, J. D. (2001). The Strategic Context of External Network Ties: Examining the Impact of Director Appointments on Board Involvement in Strategic Decision Making. Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp.639-660.
  •  Carter, D. A., Simkins, B. J. and Simpson, W. G. (2003). Corporate Governance, Board Diversity, and Firm Value. Financial Review, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp.33-53.
  •  Chan, K. C. and Li, J. (2008). Audit Committee and Firm Value: Evidence on Outside Top Executives as Expert-Independent Directors. Corporate Governance: An International Review, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp.16-31.
  •  Coles, J. L., Daniel, N. D. and Naveen, L. (2008). Boards: Does One Size Fit All?. Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 87, No. 2, pp.329-356.
  •  Dalziel, T., Gentry, R. J. and Bowerman, M. (2011). An Integrated AgencyResource Dependence View of the Influence of Directors’ Human and Relational Capital on Firms’ R&D Spending. Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 48, No. 6, pp.1217-1242.
  • Defond, M. L., Hann, R. N. and Hu, X. (2005). Does the Market Value Financial Expertise on Audit Committees of Boards of Directors. Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp.153-193.
  • Dobbin, F. and Jung, J. (2011). Corporate Board Gender Diversity and Stock
  • Performance: The Competence Gap or Institutional Investor Bias. North Carolina Law Review, Vol. 89, pp.809-838. Erhardt, N. L., Werbel, J. D. and Shrader, C. B. (2003). Board of Director Diversity and Firm Financial Performance. Corporate Governance: An International Review, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp.102-111.
  •  Ferreira, D. (2010). Board Diversity. Corporate Governance: A Synthesis of Theory, Research, and Practice, Anderson, R. and H.K. Baker (eds.), John Wiley & Sons, 2010, pp.225‐242.
  •  Fich, E. M. and Shivdasani, A. (2006). Are Busy Boards Effective Monitors?. Journal of Finance, Vol. 61, No. 2, pp.689-724.
  •  Forbes, D. P. and Milliken, F. J. (1999). Cognition and Corporate Governance: Understanding Boards of Directors as Strategic Decision-Making Groups. Academy of Management Review,Vol. 24, No. 3, pp.489-505. Francis, B., Hasan, I. and Wu, Q. (2014). Professors in the Boardroom and Their Impact on Corporate Governance and Firm Performance. Financial Management (forthcoming).
  •  Gottesman, A. A. and Morey, M. R. (2006). Does a Better Education Make for Better Managers? An Empirical Examination of CEO Educational Quality and Firm Performance. Working Paper (Abstract available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=564443 ).
  •  Gray, S. and Nowland, J. (2014). Professional Expertise and Board Diversity. Working Paper (Abstract available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2289689 ).
  •  Guner, B. A., Malmendier, U. and Tate, G. (2008). Financial Expertise of Directors. Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 88, No. 2, pp.323-354.
  •  Hermalin, B. E. and Weisbach, M. S. (1991). The Effects of Board Composition and Direct Incentives on Firm Performance. Financial Management, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp.101-112.
  •  Hillman, A. J., Canella, A. A. and Harris, I. C. (2002). Women and Racial Minorities in the Boardroom: How Do Directors Differ?. Journal of Management, Vol. 28, No. 6, pp.747-763.
  • Jalbert, T., Furumo, K. and Jalbert, M. (2010). Does Educational Background Affect CEO Compensation and Firm Performance?. Journal of Applied Business Research, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.15-40.
  • Jiang, B. and Murphy, P. J. (2007). Do Business School Professors Make Good
  • Executive Managers?. Academy of Management Perspectives, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp.29-50. Krishnan, G. V. and Gnanakumar, V. (2008). Does the SOX Definition of an
  • Accounting Expert Matter? The Association between Audit Committee Directors’ Accounting Expertise and Accounting Conservatism. Contemporary Accounting Research, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp.827-858.  Kroszner, R. S. and Strahan, P. E. (2001). Bankers on Boards: Monitoring, Conflicts of Interest, and Lender Liability. Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 62, No. 3, pp.415-452.
  •  Litov, L. P., Sepe, S. M. and Whitehead, C. K. (2014). Lawyers and Fools: LawyerDirectors in Public Corporations. Cornell Law Faculty Publications, Paper 673.
  •  Peterson, C. A. and Philpot, J. (2007). Women’s Role on US Fortune 500 Boards: Director Expertise and Committee Memberships. Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 72, pp.177-196. Rosenstein, S. and Wyatt, J. (1990). Outside Directors, Board Independence and Shareholder Wealth. Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.175-191.
  •  Ruigrok, W., Peck, S., Tacheva, S., Greve, P. and Hu, Y. (2006). The Determinants and Effects of Board Nomination Committees. Journal of Management and Governance, Vol. 10, pp.119-148.
  •  Shin, T. (2012). The Gender Gap in Executive Compensation: The Role of Female Directors and Chief Executive Officers. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 639, No. 1, pp.258-278.
  •  Sisli-Ciamarra, E. (20129. Monitoring by Affiliated Bankers on Board of Directors: Evidence from Corporate Financing Outcomes. Financial Management, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp.665-702.
  •  Van Ness, R. K., Miesing, P. and Kang, J. (2010). Board of Director Composition and Financial Performance in a Sarbanes-Oxley World. Academy of Business and Economics Journal, Vol. 10, No. 5, pp.56-74.
  •  Westphal, J. D. and Bednar, M. K. (2005). Pluralistic Ignorance in Corporate Boards and Firms' Strategic Persistence in Response to Low Firm Performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp.262-298.
  • Appendix 1: Director Education ***, **, and * present significance at 1 %, 5 %, and 10 % levels.
Year 2014, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 259 - 282, 01.09.2014

Abstract

References

  •  Agrawal, A. and Chadha, S. (2005). Corporate Governance and Accounting Scandals. Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 48, No. 2, pp.371-406.
  •  Anderson, R. C., Reeb, D. M., Upadhyay, A. and Zhao, W. (2011). The Economics of Director Heterogeneity. Financial Management, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp.5-38.
  •  Ararat, M., Orbay, H. and Yurtoglu, B. B. (2010). The Effects of Board Independence in Controlled Firms: Evidence from Turkey. Working Paper (Abstract available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=1663403 ).
  •  Arfken, D., Bellar, S. L. and Helms, M. M. (2004). The Ultimate Glass Ceiling Revisited: The Presence of Women on Corporate Boards. Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 50, pp.177-186.
  • Arioglu, E. (2014). Demographic Diversity in the Boardroom: Evidence from Borsa Istanbul. Working Paper (Abstract available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2473591 ).
  •  Arioglu, E. and Kaya, P. A. (2014). Busyness, Independence, and Advising at Borsa Istanbul Firms. Working Paper (Abstract available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2468858 ).
  •  Audretsch, D. B. and Lehmann, E. (2006). Entrepreneurial Access and Absorption of Knowledge Spillovers: Strategic Board and Managerial Composition of Competitive Advantage. Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp.155-166.
  •  Bhagat, S., Bolton, B. J. and Subramanian, A. (2010). CEO Education, CEO Turnover, and Firm Performance. Working Paper (Abstract available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=1670219 ).
  •  Burgess, Z. and Tharenous, P. (2002). Women Board Directors: Characteristics of the Few. Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 37, pp.39-49.
  •  Carpenter, M. A. and Westphal, J. D. (2001). The Strategic Context of External Network Ties: Examining the Impact of Director Appointments on Board Involvement in Strategic Decision Making. Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp.639-660.
  •  Carter, D. A., Simkins, B. J. and Simpson, W. G. (2003). Corporate Governance, Board Diversity, and Firm Value. Financial Review, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp.33-53.
  •  Chan, K. C. and Li, J. (2008). Audit Committee and Firm Value: Evidence on Outside Top Executives as Expert-Independent Directors. Corporate Governance: An International Review, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp.16-31.
  •  Coles, J. L., Daniel, N. D. and Naveen, L. (2008). Boards: Does One Size Fit All?. Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 87, No. 2, pp.329-356.
  •  Dalziel, T., Gentry, R. J. and Bowerman, M. (2011). An Integrated AgencyResource Dependence View of the Influence of Directors’ Human and Relational Capital on Firms’ R&D Spending. Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 48, No. 6, pp.1217-1242.
  • Defond, M. L., Hann, R. N. and Hu, X. (2005). Does the Market Value Financial Expertise on Audit Committees of Boards of Directors. Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp.153-193.
  • Dobbin, F. and Jung, J. (2011). Corporate Board Gender Diversity and Stock
  • Performance: The Competence Gap or Institutional Investor Bias. North Carolina Law Review, Vol. 89, pp.809-838. Erhardt, N. L., Werbel, J. D. and Shrader, C. B. (2003). Board of Director Diversity and Firm Financial Performance. Corporate Governance: An International Review, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp.102-111.
  •  Ferreira, D. (2010). Board Diversity. Corporate Governance: A Synthesis of Theory, Research, and Practice, Anderson, R. and H.K. Baker (eds.), John Wiley & Sons, 2010, pp.225‐242.
  •  Fich, E. M. and Shivdasani, A. (2006). Are Busy Boards Effective Monitors?. Journal of Finance, Vol. 61, No. 2, pp.689-724.
  •  Forbes, D. P. and Milliken, F. J. (1999). Cognition and Corporate Governance: Understanding Boards of Directors as Strategic Decision-Making Groups. Academy of Management Review,Vol. 24, No. 3, pp.489-505. Francis, B., Hasan, I. and Wu, Q. (2014). Professors in the Boardroom and Their Impact on Corporate Governance and Firm Performance. Financial Management (forthcoming).
  •  Gottesman, A. A. and Morey, M. R. (2006). Does a Better Education Make for Better Managers? An Empirical Examination of CEO Educational Quality and Firm Performance. Working Paper (Abstract available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=564443 ).
  •  Gray, S. and Nowland, J. (2014). Professional Expertise and Board Diversity. Working Paper (Abstract available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2289689 ).
  •  Guner, B. A., Malmendier, U. and Tate, G. (2008). Financial Expertise of Directors. Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 88, No. 2, pp.323-354.
  •  Hermalin, B. E. and Weisbach, M. S. (1991). The Effects of Board Composition and Direct Incentives on Firm Performance. Financial Management, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp.101-112.
  •  Hillman, A. J., Canella, A. A. and Harris, I. C. (2002). Women and Racial Minorities in the Boardroom: How Do Directors Differ?. Journal of Management, Vol. 28, No. 6, pp.747-763.
  • Jalbert, T., Furumo, K. and Jalbert, M. (2010). Does Educational Background Affect CEO Compensation and Firm Performance?. Journal of Applied Business Research, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.15-40.
  • Jiang, B. and Murphy, P. J. (2007). Do Business School Professors Make Good
  • Executive Managers?. Academy of Management Perspectives, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp.29-50. Krishnan, G. V. and Gnanakumar, V. (2008). Does the SOX Definition of an
  • Accounting Expert Matter? The Association between Audit Committee Directors’ Accounting Expertise and Accounting Conservatism. Contemporary Accounting Research, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp.827-858.  Kroszner, R. S. and Strahan, P. E. (2001). Bankers on Boards: Monitoring, Conflicts of Interest, and Lender Liability. Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 62, No. 3, pp.415-452.
  •  Litov, L. P., Sepe, S. M. and Whitehead, C. K. (2014). Lawyers and Fools: LawyerDirectors in Public Corporations. Cornell Law Faculty Publications, Paper 673.
  •  Peterson, C. A. and Philpot, J. (2007). Women’s Role on US Fortune 500 Boards: Director Expertise and Committee Memberships. Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 72, pp.177-196. Rosenstein, S. and Wyatt, J. (1990). Outside Directors, Board Independence and Shareholder Wealth. Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.175-191.
  •  Ruigrok, W., Peck, S., Tacheva, S., Greve, P. and Hu, Y. (2006). The Determinants and Effects of Board Nomination Committees. Journal of Management and Governance, Vol. 10, pp.119-148.
  •  Shin, T. (2012). The Gender Gap in Executive Compensation: The Role of Female Directors and Chief Executive Officers. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 639, No. 1, pp.258-278.
  •  Sisli-Ciamarra, E. (20129. Monitoring by Affiliated Bankers on Board of Directors: Evidence from Corporate Financing Outcomes. Financial Management, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp.665-702.
  •  Van Ness, R. K., Miesing, P. and Kang, J. (2010). Board of Director Composition and Financial Performance in a Sarbanes-Oxley World. Academy of Business and Economics Journal, Vol. 10, No. 5, pp.56-74.
  •  Westphal, J. D. and Bednar, M. K. (2005). Pluralistic Ignorance in Corporate Boards and Firms' Strategic Persistence in Response to Low Firm Performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp.262-298.
  • Appendix 1: Director Education ***, **, and * present significance at 1 %, 5 %, and 10 % levels.
There are 37 citations in total.

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Authors

Emrah Arioglu This is me

Publication Date September 1, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 3 Issue: 3

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APA Arioglu, E. (2014). Educated Professionals on Boards at Borsa Istanbul. Journal of Business Economics and Finance, 3(3), 259-282.

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