Degradation of Phenol in Nutrient Broth by Pseudomonas and Bacillus species using Biosimulator

Year 2019, Volume: 13 Issue: 39 , 119 - 128 , 31.12.2019

Suraiya Jabeen Moazzam Ali Khan

https://izlik.org/JA64KG86NP

Abstract

Phenol is a cognizant industrial contaminant in wastewaters from various industries, in this bioremedial study three isolated cultures IES.S, IES.Ps and IES.B separately and all in consortia (10%) from industrial wastes were grown in 1500 ml nutrient broth in sterile condition with 600 mg/l Phenol in the Biotron fermenter vessel, with specific conditions of rpm, DO. pH, temperature, COD and phenol was determined at specific interval of time. The results of this study showed that the pH of the system mostly remained acidic. The DO concentration was sustained at 5.0 mg/l. Phenol removal by IES.S was 15.50% (42 hours) and 18.83% (90 hours). Phenol removal percentage was much higher with IES.Ps as compared to that of IES.S. After 42 hours the phenol percentage removal efficiency was 32.10%. While at the end of the experimental run about 40% phenol was removed. While using IES.B Phenol removal efficiency was 32.16 (42 hours) and 39.53 % (90 hours). Phenol removal efficiency was relatively higher than IES.S and relatively lower than IES.Ps. Phenol removal was 31.57% (42 hours) and 39.38 % (90 hours) by using consortia of all three cultures. The degradation rates by using three different isolates were in descending order Consortium>IES.Ps>IES.B>IES.S.

Keywords

Biological treatment , Phenol removal , Industrial contaminant , Consortium , Bioremedial study , Removal efficiency

References

• Hasan.S. A and Jabeen S (2015). Degradation kinetics and pathway of phenol byPseudomonas and Bacillus species. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment Vol. 29, No. 1, 45-53.
• Ahmed K, Aziz J A, Tariq, M N and Malik A M (1988). A laboratory study of the performance of anaerobic waste stabilization ponds. Sci. Tech. and Develop. 7 (4): 15-22.
• Annadurai G, Rajesh Babu, S, Mahesh, K P O & Murugesant T (2000). Adsorption and biodegradation of phenol by chitosan-immobilized Pseudomonas putida (NICM 2174). Bio process Eng., 22:493-501.
• APHA (2005). American Public Health Association. Standard Methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 13 Edition. Washington D.C. USA.
• BajajM, Gallert C, Winter J, (2008). Biodegradation of high phenol containing synthetic wastewater by anaerobic fixed bed reactor, Bioresour.Technol.99 (17) 8376 – 8381, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.02.057.
• Barker P S and Dold P L (1995). COD and nitrogen mass balances in activated sludge systems. Wat. Res. 29 (2): 633-643.
• CollinsG, Foy C, McHughS, Mahony T, Flaherty V, (2005) Anaerobic biological treatment of phenolic wastewater at 15-18 1C, Water.Res.39(8) 1614–1620.
• Duan, P Z, (2011). Biodegradation of phenol by activated sludge in a batch reactor, Environ.Prot. Eng. 37(2) 53–63. rentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
• El-Naas M H, Shaheen A Al-Muhtaseb A, Makhlouf S, (2009) Biodegradation of phenol by Pseudomonas putida immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel. Journal of Hazardous Materials 164 720–725.
• Firozjaee TT, Najafpour G D, Asgari A, Khavarpour M, (2013). Biological treatment of Phenolic wastewater in an anaerobic continuous stirred tank reactor, Chem.Ind.Chem.Eng.Q.19(2) 173–1 79.
• Galgale A D, Shah N B, Shah N G, (2014) Treatment of wastewater containing high concentration of phenol and total dissolved solids in moving bed biofilm reactor. IJIRSET, 3(4): 10924-10930
• Guido B, Silvia B, Carlo R. Laura A (2008) Technologies for the removal of phenol from fluid streets:a short review of recent developments, J.Hazard.Mater.160(2–3) 265–288.
• Hashmi I, (2007) Performance evaluation of biosimulator for treating domestic wastewater using activated sludge treatment system, J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. Vol. 11 (2) 129 – 136.
• Hussain A, Dubey S K, Kumar V, (2015) Kinetic study for aerobic treatment of phenolic wastewater Water Resources and Industry 1181–90
• Jiang H -L, Tay J-H and Tay S T-L, (2002) Aggregation of immobilized activated sludge cells into aerobically grown microbial granules for the aerobic biodegradation of phenol Letters in Applied Microbiology 2002, 35, 439–445
• Jiang, Y, Cai X, Wu, D, Ren N, (2010). Biodegradation of phenol and m-cresol by mutated Candida tropicalis. J Environ Sci 22(4):621–626.
• Karigar C, Mahesh A, Nagenahalli M, Yun D J (2006), Phenol degradation by immobilized cells of Arthrobacter citreus. Biodegradation. 17(1):47-55.
• Keweloh H, Heipieper H J and Rehm H J (1989). Protection of bacteria against toxicity of phenol by immobilization in calcium alginate. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 31, 383–389.
• Kibret M, Somitsch W, and Robra K H (2000). Characterization of phenol degrading mixed population by enzyme assay. Water Research 34, 1127–1134.
• Lawrence K W, Zucheng W, Nazih K S., (2009). Biological treatment process. Handbook of Environmental Engineering 8, 207-281. ISBN 978-1-60327-156-1(Humana Press) DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-156-1.
• Marrot B, Barrios-Martinez A, Moulin P, Roche R, (2006) Biodegradation of high phenol concentration by activated sludge in an immersed membrane bioreactor Biochemical Engineering Journal (30) 174–183.
• Mordocco A and Jenkins C K R (1999) Continuous degradation of phenol at low concentration using immobilized Pseudomonas putida, Enzyme Microb. Technol. (25) 530–536.
• Nair C I (2006). Ph.D Thesis Microbial Degradation of Phenol by a species of Alcaligenes isolated from soil.
• Nakhil S A A, K Ahmadizadeh K A, Fereshtehnejad M Rostami, M H, Safari M M, Borghei M (2014) Biological removal of phenol from saline wastewater using a moving bed biofilm reactor containing acclimated mixed consortia, Springer Plus3112, http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-3-112.
• Rozich A F and Colvin R J (1986) Effects of glucose on phenol biodegradation by heterogenous population. Biotechnol and Bioeng., 28: 956-971.
• Sá C S A and Boaventura R A R (2001) Biodegradation of phenol by Pseudomonas putida DSM 548 in a trickling bed reactor, Biochem. Eng. J. 9 211–219.
• Sirajuddin S, Hany O, Khan M A, Jabeen S, (2010). Biodegradation of Phenol using cellsand cell free extra cellular enzyme production in International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology Int. J. Biol. Biotech., 7 (4) 403-408.
• Jabeen S, Khan M A, Hany O, Khan M Ali, Shaukat S S (2013). Phenol degradation by an indigenous soil Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology Int. J. Biol. Biotech.,10(1):37-43.
• Toprak H (1995). Removal of soluble chemical oxygen demand from domestic waste waters in a laboratory scale anaerobic waste stabilization ponds. Wat. Res. 29 (3): 923-932.
• Watanabe K, Hino S. and Takahashi N (1996). Responses of activated sludge to an increase in phenol loading. Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering 82, 522–524.
• Watanabe, K., Teramoto, M. and Harayama, S (1999). An outbreak of nonflocculating catabolic populations caused the breakdown of a phenol-digesting activated sludge process. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, 2813 –2819.