This study focuses on application of computer technologies to reference services in university and research institute libraries in North Central, Nigeria. Descriptive survey research method was used and the study covered 13 university libraries and 19 research institute libraries in North Central, Nigeria. The population of the study was 234 librarians. Sample size for this study was made up of entire population. Research instruments were a questionnaire and a checklist. Data collected were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, mean and standard deviation. The findings revealed that computer technologies was used to a little extent for reference services (=2.07) in university libraries while in research institute libraries the grand mean of (=2.84) showed that computer technologies was highly used for the provision of reference services. The grand mean of (=2.69) revealed problems that hindered the application of computer technologies to reference services and the greatest of these was irregular supply of power in university libraries in North Central, Nigeria. Library managements should address irregular power supply; inadequate computer technology infrastructure and inadequate funding that hindered effective application of computer technologies in reference services for effective and efficient services in university and research institute libraries.
References
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Aguolu, C. C. & Aguolu, I. E. (2002). Libraries and information management in Nigeria.Maiduguri: ED-LINFORM Services, 6, 42.
Ahsanullah, A. K. M. (2002). Information technology services for rural communities of developing countries towards poverty alleviation. Retrieved from http://web.simmons.edu/~chen/nit/NIT'93/93-001-ahs.html
Akor, P. U. & Alhassan, J. A. (2015). Evaluation of reference services in academic libraries: A comparative analysis of three universities in Nigeria. Journal of Balkan Libraries Union, 3(1), 24 29.
Alessia, Z. Y. (2004). Digital reference: What the past has taught us and what the future will hold. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/
American Library Association. (1983). The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science Chicago: ALA.
Anyaogu, U. (2007). Current trends in the utilization of ICT for reference services in Libraries and information centres. Global Review of Libraries and Information Science, 3, 24-44.
Bopp, R. & Smith, L. (2001). Reference and reference services. Englewood, Colorado: Libraries Unlimited.
Edom, B. O. (2007). An assessment of the problem of the use of ICT facilities in information sourcing and retrieval by the academic staff in Nigerian Universities. The Information Technologies, (2), 113 127.
Ezeani, C. N. (2004). Access to Global on-line Research in Agriculture (AGORA) and the Essential Electronic Agricultural library (TEEAL): A seminar presented at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka library on the workshop on AGORA and TEEAL, held in the University of Agriculture, Abeokuta.
Gama, U. G. (2008). Reference and information service delivery and the utilization of ICTs in University Libraries in Nigera. Ibadan: Book Wright Nigeria.
Ifidon, S. E. (1997). A guide to reference services. Lagos: St Michael.
Jagboro, K. O. (2003). A study of internet usage in Nigeria Universities. A study of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria. Gateway Library Journal, 8(2), 7.
Jibia, M., Mubaraka, C. M. & Jirgi, I. M. (2013). Challenges and prospects of using information communication technologies (ICTS) among Nigerian Polytechnic Libraries. Information and Knowledge Management, 3(6), 26.
Katz, W. A. (2002). Introduction to reference work: Basic reference services. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Lawal, O. O. (2002). Reference service in Nigerian libraries. In Olanlokun and Salisu: Libraries and Librarianship in Nigeria. Lagos: Ikofa Press.
Lochure, T. (2004). How good are the free digital reference services? A comparism of library-based and expert services. Library Review, 53(1), 24 29.
Mabawonku, I. (2004). Library use in distance learning: A survey of undergraduates in three Nigerian universities. African Journal of Library, Archives &Information Science.
Madu, E. C. (2010). Reference service in libraries and information centres in the 21st century. In Madu, E.C. & Ezeani, C.N. (Ed). Modern Library and Information Science for Information Professional in Africa. Ibadan:Text Inks Publishers.
Nmacha, J. C. A. (2013). Emerging trends in reference services: The roles of libraries/librarians in ICT era. Omoku Journal of Library and Information Science (OJLIS,) 3(1), 84-90.
Nwalo, K. I. N. (2003). Reference sources and services. Ibadan: Centre for External Studies, University of Ibadan.
Ominyi, J. I. (2011). Reference service delivery in information and communication technology era in libraries and information centres. African Library Sentinel (ALS) Journal of Library and Information Science,1(1), 22-32.
Onilude, O. O. & Apampa, O. R. (2010). Effects of information and communication technology on research and development activities: The FIIRO experience. Library Philosophy and Practice. Retrieved from http://unllib.unl.edu/LPP/shariful.htm
Ozioko, R. E. (2005). Utilizing reference services delivery in academic libraries in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science (NJLAIS), 1(4), 8-20.
Prytherch, R. (2000). Harrod's librarians glossary of terms used in librarianship, documentation and the book craft and reference book. Aldershot: Gower.
Ranganathan, S. R. (1992). Reference service. Bangalore: Sarada Ranganathan Endowment for Library Sciences.
Sani, A. & Tiamiyu, M. (2005). Evaluation of automated services in Nigerian Universities. The Electronic Library, 23(3), 274288.
Tenopir, C. (2001). Virtual reference services in a real world. Library Journal, 126(12), 38-40.
Watts, C. (2004). Information communication technology skills for information professionals in developing countries: perspective from a study of the electronic information environment in Nigeria. Papers presented at the world library and information congress: 70th IFLA General Conference and Council Buenos Ares, Argentina.
Aduwa-Ogiegbaen, S. E. & Iyanu, E. O. S. (2005). Using information technology in Secondary Schools in Nigeria; Problems and prospects. Education Technology and Society, 8 (1), 104-112.
Aguolu, C. C. & Aguolu, I. E. (2002). Libraries and information management in Nigeria.Maiduguri: ED-LINFORM Services, 6, 42.
Ahsanullah, A. K. M. (2002). Information technology services for rural communities of developing countries towards poverty alleviation. Retrieved from http://web.simmons.edu/~chen/nit/NIT'93/93-001-ahs.html
Akor, P. U. & Alhassan, J. A. (2015). Evaluation of reference services in academic libraries: A comparative analysis of three universities in Nigeria. Journal of Balkan Libraries Union, 3(1), 24 29.
Alessia, Z. Y. (2004). Digital reference: What the past has taught us and what the future will hold. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/
American Library Association. (1983). The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science Chicago: ALA.
Anyaogu, U. (2007). Current trends in the utilization of ICT for reference services in Libraries and information centres. Global Review of Libraries and Information Science, 3, 24-44.
Bopp, R. & Smith, L. (2001). Reference and reference services. Englewood, Colorado: Libraries Unlimited.
Edom, B. O. (2007). An assessment of the problem of the use of ICT facilities in information sourcing and retrieval by the academic staff in Nigerian Universities. The Information Technologies, (2), 113 127.
Ezeani, C. N. (2004). Access to Global on-line Research in Agriculture (AGORA) and the Essential Electronic Agricultural library (TEEAL): A seminar presented at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka library on the workshop on AGORA and TEEAL, held in the University of Agriculture, Abeokuta.
Gama, U. G. (2008). Reference and information service delivery and the utilization of ICTs in University Libraries in Nigera. Ibadan: Book Wright Nigeria.
Ifidon, S. E. (1997). A guide to reference services. Lagos: St Michael.
Jagboro, K. O. (2003). A study of internet usage in Nigeria Universities. A study of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria. Gateway Library Journal, 8(2), 7.
Jibia, M., Mubaraka, C. M. & Jirgi, I. M. (2013). Challenges and prospects of using information communication technologies (ICTS) among Nigerian Polytechnic Libraries. Information and Knowledge Management, 3(6), 26.
Katz, W. A. (2002). Introduction to reference work: Basic reference services. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Lawal, O. O. (2002). Reference service in Nigerian libraries. In Olanlokun and Salisu: Libraries and Librarianship in Nigeria. Lagos: Ikofa Press.
Lochure, T. (2004). How good are the free digital reference services? A comparism of library-based and expert services. Library Review, 53(1), 24 29.
Mabawonku, I. (2004). Library use in distance learning: A survey of undergraduates in three Nigerian universities. African Journal of Library, Archives &Information Science.
Madu, E. C. (2010). Reference service in libraries and information centres in the 21st century. In Madu, E.C. & Ezeani, C.N. (Ed). Modern Library and Information Science for Information Professional in Africa. Ibadan:Text Inks Publishers.
Nmacha, J. C. A. (2013). Emerging trends in reference services: The roles of libraries/librarians in ICT era. Omoku Journal of Library and Information Science (OJLIS,) 3(1), 84-90.
Nwalo, K. I. N. (2003). Reference sources and services. Ibadan: Centre for External Studies, University of Ibadan.
Ominyi, J. I. (2011). Reference service delivery in information and communication technology era in libraries and information centres. African Library Sentinel (ALS) Journal of Library and Information Science,1(1), 22-32.
Onilude, O. O. & Apampa, O. R. (2010). Effects of information and communication technology on research and development activities: The FIIRO experience. Library Philosophy and Practice. Retrieved from http://unllib.unl.edu/LPP/shariful.htm
Ozioko, R. E. (2005). Utilizing reference services delivery in academic libraries in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science (NJLAIS), 1(4), 8-20.
Prytherch, R. (2000). Harrod's librarians glossary of terms used in librarianship, documentation and the book craft and reference book. Aldershot: Gower.
Ranganathan, S. R. (1992). Reference service. Bangalore: Sarada Ranganathan Endowment for Library Sciences.
Sani, A. & Tiamiyu, M. (2005). Evaluation of automated services in Nigerian Universities. The Electronic Library, 23(3), 274288.
Tenopir, C. (2001). Virtual reference services in a real world. Library Journal, 126(12), 38-40.
Watts, C. (2004). Information communication technology skills for information professionals in developing countries: perspective from a study of the electronic information environment in Nigeria. Papers presented at the world library and information congress: 70th IFLA General Conference and Council Buenos Ares, Argentina.
Aba, J. I., Idoko, N., & Akor, P. U. (2017). Application of Computer Technologies to Reference Services in University and Research Institute Libraries in North Central Nigeria. Journal of Balkan Libraries Union, 5(2), 1-9.